Managing tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of crisis management in the tourism industry

Figures & data

Figure 1. The systematic review process for the paper.

Figure 2. Inclusion and exclusion process chart. Adopted from Moher et al. (2009).

Table 1. Criteria used to analyse research on previous crises faced by the tourism industry.

Criteria	Meaning	Code Description
Date of Publication	Year of Publication of article	Stating of Year
Author’s Nationality	Country of location of Authors	Stating of Country
Research Team	Number of Authors	1, one, 2 two, three 3 and more
Journal of Publication	Title of Journals	Tourism Management 18, Sustainability 14, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 12, Current Issues in Tourism 9, Tourism Geographies 7, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 5, Annals of Tourism Research 4, Tourism, International Journal of Tourism Research 4, Asian Pacific Journal of Tourism 3, International Journal of Hospitality Management 3, Tourism Review 3, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 4, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2, Management Perspective 2 (84 articles, 73% found in the listed journals, and the rest, 27% of the articles from other other tourism and business management relate journals).
Topics of Research Main topic explored in the article:	Tourism and crisis management 39, sustainable tourism 27, Tourism and disaster management 11, Tourism and Covid-19 11,
	Tourism resilience 9, Tourism disaster and crisis recovery 7, other topics relating to sustainable tourism such as innovation and other tourism development issues 11.
Disciplines. Disciplinary background of the article:	Business Management 45, Tourism Development 36, Business Administration 17,Marketing 9, Geography 8,Finance 1
Number of Disciplines.	Number of disciplines included in the article: 1 one, 2 two, 3 or three.
Theoretical Aim.	Nature of the theoretical aim of the article: three testing, two exploratory, one conceptual, and four others.
Research Settings.	Continents of the empirical research setting	Europe 24, Asia 14, Australia 10, North America 7, Eastern Europe 4, Africa 1.
Number of Research Settings.	Number of countries in the empirical setting:	National 52, multinational 8.
Research Methods.	Instrument for data collection:	Questionnaire survey 31, literature review 24, Multiple method 22, Interview 18, Experimental 8. Focus group 6, Scenario setting 5, Observation 1,
Number of methods.	Number of different data collection methods:	single source and multiple sources.
Level of Analysis.	Level of analysis of the study:	multiple 46, organization 38, national 13, group 10, individual 8.

Adopted from McNulty et al. (2013, pp. 187).

Figure 3. Publications on Crisis and tourism per Year: 2001–2021 under review.

Table 2. Approaches.

Theoretical Approach	Number of Articles
Tourism disaster management	13
Sustainable tourism	27
Tourism and Crisis Management	38
Tourism and Covid-19	12
Tourism Resilience	10
Tourism disaster and crisis recovery	7
Others (relating to stakeholder participation, chaos, communication, image repair during crisis, community resilience, and critical success factors).	8
Total	115

Figure 4. Major themes in tourism crisis management research.

Figure 5. Research methods.

Figure 6. Conceptual framework for crisis management in the tourism industry.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 339(jul21 1), b2700–b2535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535

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McNulty, T., Zattoni, A., & Douglas, T. J. (2013). Developing Corporate governance research through qualitative methods: A review of previous studies. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12016

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Data availability statement

The author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. The available data the study relied on are secondary data listed in the bibliography. No Restrictions are applied to the material used in this study.