3,832
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SKIN AND THE FLESH OF APPLES

, , &
Pages 149-161 | Received 11 Oct 1999, Accepted 09 Sep 2000, Published online: 06 Feb 2007

Figures & data

Figure 1. Puncture locations on apple equator. (1, 2, 3 - with skin; 1′, 2′, 3′ - without skin).

Figure 1. Puncture locations on apple equator. (1, 2, 3 - with skin; 1′, 2′, 3′ - without skin).

Figure 2. Load-displacement curve from puncture tests. Ft, bursting skin force; Fd, force corresponding to the elasticity limit of the flesh; Dp, displacement related to Ft; Dc, displacement related to Fd.

Figure 2. Load-displacement curve from puncture tests. Ft, bursting skin force; Fd, force corresponding to the elasticity limit of the flesh; Dp, displacement related to Ft; Dc, displacement related to Fd.

Figure 3. The puncture displacement and relative displacement of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represent standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 3. The puncture displacement and relative displacement of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represent standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 4. The puncture force and relative rupture force of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 4. The puncture force and relative rupture force of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 5. The firmness and relative firmness of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 5. The firmness and relative firmness of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 6. The toughness and relative toughness of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 6. The toughness and relative toughness of Golden Delicious apples during storage. a) and b) cool storage at 2°C and 96% relative humidity during 239 days. c) and d) forced ripening at 20 ± 1°C during 28 days. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for at least 20 apples.

Figure 7. Firmness properties of four apples varieties (Fuji, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Pink Lady) after a 210-day cool storage period. a) displacement; b); rupture force; c) firmness; d); toughness. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for 20 apples.

Figure 7. Firmness properties of four apples varieties (Fuji, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Pink Lady) after a 210-day cool storage period. a) displacement; b); rupture force; c) firmness; d); toughness. Error bars represents standard deviation of means for 20 apples.

Table 1. Contributions of the Skin to the Firmness Properties for Four Apple Varieties (Fuji, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Pink Lady), Tested After a 210-Day Storage at 2°C. Mean ± Standard Deviation

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.