The Effect of Group Identity on Chinese College Students’ Social Mindfulness: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model

Figures & data

Figure 1 The conceptual mediated moderation model.

Notes: The solid line (a1, b1) represents the direct influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, while c1 represents the mediating effect of Awe. The dashed lines (z1, z2, z3) represent the moderating effects of Empathy on the first half path, mediation path, and second half path of the mediation model, respectively.

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants

Item		Frequency	(%)
Gender	Male	666	32.60
	Female	1375	67.40
Type of university	Undergraduate colleges	1018	49.90
	Higher vocational colleges	1023	50.10
Family place of residence	Village	1207	59.10
	Towns	508	24.90
	City	326	16.00
Per capita monthly income of households	Less than 5000 RMB	1222	59.90
	5000–10,000 RMB	667	32.70
	10,000–15,000 RMB	111	5.40
	More than 15,000 RMB	41	2.00

Table 2 Normality Test and Pearson Correlation Analyses

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	Skewness	kurtosis
1. Group identity	4.19	1.02	0.04	−0.06**	1				−0.969	2.208
2. Awe	4.78	0.78	0.03	−0.09***	0.14***	1			0.068	2.614
3. Empathy	3.54	0.32	0.26***	−0.10***	0.20***	0.19***	1		−0.138	1.168
4. Social mindfulness	3.77	0.34	0.06**	−0.01	0.19***	0.48***	0.27***	1	−1.17	9.768

Note: N=2041. ***p < 0.001; **p<0.01.

Table 3 Linear Regression Models

Predictors	Model 1 (SM)	Model 2 (Awe)	Model 3 (SM)	Model 4 (Awe)	Model 5 (SM)
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Gender	0.12* [0.03, 0.21]	0.05 [−0.04, 0.14]	0.10* [0.02, 0.18]	−0.05 [−0.14, 0.04]	−0.04 [−0.12, 0.04]
Group identity	0.18*** [0.14, 0.23]	0.14*** [0.10, 0.19]	0.12*** [0.08, 0.15]	0.10*** [0.05, 0.14]	0.07** [0.03, 0.10]
Awe			0.46*** [0.43, 0.50]		0.42*** [0.38, 0.45]
Empathy				0.17*** [0.13, 0.22]	0.15*** [0.11, 0.19]
Group identity × Emp				−0.06** [−0.10, −0.03]	−0.04* [−0.07, −0.01]
Awe × Emp					−0.15*** [−0.17, −0.12]
R^2	0.04	0.02	0.25	0.06	0.32
F	39.51***	21.93***	224.90***	29.60***	161.74***

Notes: Gender was dummy coded as 1 = male, 2 = female; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: Emp, Empathy; SM, Social mindfulness.

Figure 2 Results of the model.

Notes: The solid line (a1, b1) represents the direct influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, while c1 represents the mediating effect of Awe. The dashed lines (z1, z2, z3) represent the moderating effects of Empathy on the first half path, mediation path, and second half path of the mediation model, respectively; Numeric values represent the coefficients of each path; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Figure 3 Interaction graphs.

Notes: (A) Interaction plot between group identity and empathy on awe. (B) Interaction plot between awe and empathy on social mindfulness. (C) Interaction plot between group identity and empathy on social mindfulness.