Figures & data
Fig. 1 LDL modifications. (a) Oxidation: oxidized product-induced native LDL oxidation and modifications of apoB amino acids. (b) Glycosylation: modification of LDL and apoB by advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs). (c) Carbamylation: cyanate from urea, which binds to NH2 groups in proteins – inducing their carbamylation – is generated by spontaneous dissociation from urea.
Fig. 2 LDL double modification. The glycation of LDL particles renders it more prone to oxidation.
Fig. 3 Mechanisms of endothelial cell senescence during aging, initiating the atherogenic process.
