Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken

References

• AMANN, R.I., LUDWIG, W. and SCHLEIFER, K.H. (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59: 143-169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• APAJALAHTI, J. and BEDFORD, M.R. (1999) Improve bird performance by feeding its microflora. World Poultry 15: 20-23
   Google Scholar
• APAJALAHTI, J.H., KETTUNEN, A., BEDFORD, M.R. and HOLBEN, W.E. (2001) Percent G+C profiling accurately reveals diet-related differences in the gastrointestinal microbial community of broiler chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5656-5667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APAJALAHTI, J.H., KETTUNEN, H., KETTUNEN, A., HOLBEN, W.E., NURMINEN, P.H., RAUTONEN, N. and MUTANEN, M. (2002) Culture-independent microbial community analysis reveals that inulin in the diet primarily affects previously unknown bacteria in the mouse ceacum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 4986-4995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APAJALAHTI, J.H.A., KETTUNEN, A., NURMINEN, P.H., JATILA, H. and HOLBEN, W.E. (2003) Selective plating underestimates abundance and shows differential recovery of bifidobacterial species from human feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5731-5735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APAJALAHTI, J.H.A., SARKILAHTI, L.K., MAKI, B.R., HEIKKINEN, J.P., NURMINEN, P.H. and HOLBEN, W.E. (1998) Effective recovery of bacterial DNA and percent-guanine-plus-cytosine- based analysis of community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 4084-4088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENES, A., SMITH, M., GUENTER, W. and MARQUARDT, R.R. (1993) Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley based diets. Poultry Science 72: 1731-1739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRESCI, A., ORPIANESI, C., SILVI, S., MASTRANDREA, V. and DOLARA, P. (1999) The effect of sucrose or starch-based diet on short-chain fatty acids and faecal microflora in rats. Journal of Applied Microbiology 86: 245-250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDELMAN, S., LESKELA, S., RON, E., APAJALAHTI, J. and KORHONEN, T.K. (2003) In vitro adhesion of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 strain to surfaces of the chicken intestinal tract and to ileal mucus. Vet. Microbiol. 91: 41-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDELMAN, S., WESTERLUND-WIKSTROM, B., LESKELA, S., KETTUNEN, H., RAUTONEN, N., APAJALAHTI, J. and KORHONEN, T.K. (2002) In vitro adhesion specificity of indigenous Lactobacilli within the avian intestinal tract. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 5155-5159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELSKE, A., AKKERMANS, A.D.L. and DE VOS, W.M. (1998) In situ detection of an uncultured predominant Bacillus in Dutch grassland soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 4588-4590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRITSCHE, T.R., HORN, M., SEYEDIRASHTI, S., GAUTOM, R.K., SCHLEIFER, K.H. and WAGNER, M. (1999) In situ detection of novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. phylogenetically related to members of the order Rickettsiales. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 206-212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARRIGA, M., PASCUAL, M., MONFORT, J.M. and HUGAS, M. (1998) Selection of Lactobacilli for chicken probiotic adjuncts. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84: 125-132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIBSON, G.R., WILLEMS, A., READING, S. and COLLINS, M.D. (1996) Fermentation of non-digestible oligosaccharides by human colonic bacteria. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 55: 899-912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLLNISCH, K., VAHJEN, W., SIMON, O. and SCHULZ, E. (1996) Influence of an antimicrobial (avilamycin) and an enzymatic (xylanase) feed additive alone or in combination on pathogenic micro-organisms in the intestine of pigs (E. coli, C. perfringens). Landbauforschung Volkenrode 193: 337-342
   Google Scholar
• GONG, J., FORSTER, R.J., YU, H., CHAMBERS, J.R., SABOUR, P.M., WHEATCROFT, R., and CHEN, S. (2002) Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in the mucosa of chicken ceca and comparison with bacteria in the cecal lumen. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 208: 1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUSILS, C., CHAIA, A.P., GONZALEZ, S. and OLIVER, G. (1999) Lactobacilli isolated from chicken intestines: potential use as probiotics. Journal of Food Protection 62: 252-256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANSON, R.S. and HANSON, T.E. (1996) Methanotrophic bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 60: 439-471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HILLMAN, K. (1999) Manipulation of the intestinal microflora for improved health and growth in pigs. Proc. WPSA Spring Meeting, Scarborough 22-24 March: 59-61
   Google Scholar
• HOCK, E., HALLE, I., MATTHES, S. and JEROCH, H. (1997) Investigations on the composition of the ileal and caecal microflora of broiler chicks in consideration to dietary enzyme preparation and zinc bacitracin in wheat-based diets. Agribiological Research-Zeitschrift für Agrarbiologie Agrikulturchemie Okologie 50: 85-95
   Google Scholar
• HOLBEN, W.E., NOTO, K., SUMINO, T. and SUWA, Y. (1998) Molecular analysis of bacterial communities in a three-compartment granular activated sludge system indicates community-level control by incompatible nitrification processes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2528-2532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLBEN, W.E., SARKILAHTI, L.K., WILLIAMS, P., SAARINEN, M. and APAJALAHTI, J.H.A. (2002) Phylogenetic analysis of intestinal microflora indicates a novel Mycoplasma phylotype in farmed and wild salmon. Microb. Ecol. 44: 175-185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IZAT, A.L., HIERHOLZER, R.E., KOPEK, J.M., ADAMS, M.H., REIBER, M.A. and MCGINNIS, J.P. (1990) Effects of D-mannose on incidence and levels of salmonellae in ceca and carcass samples of market age broilers. Poultry Science 69: 2244-2247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JIN, L.Z., HO, Y.W., ABDULLAH, N., ALI, M.A. and JALALUDIN, S. (1998) Effects of adherent Lactobacillus cultures on growth, weight of organs and intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acids in broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 70: 197-209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEESSEN, B., HARTMANN, L. and BLAUT, M. (2001) Oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with a human faecal flora. Br. J. Nutr. 86: 291-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAIDAK, B.L., COLE, J.R., PARKER Jr., C.T., GARRITY, G.M., LARSEN, N., LI, B., LILBURN, T.G., McCAUGHEY, M.J., OLSEN, G.J., OVERBEEK, R., PRAMANIK, S., SCHMIDT, T.M., TIEDJE, J.M. and WOESE, C.R. (1999) A new version of the RDP (Ribosomal Database Project). Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 171-173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORTENSEN, P.B. and CLAUSEN, M.R. (1996) Short-chain fatty acids in the human colon: relation to gastrointestinal health and disease. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl 216: 132-148
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OHKUMA, M. and KUDO, T. (1996) Phylogenetic diversity of the intestinal bacterial community in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 461-468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REID, C.-A. and HILLMAN, K. (1999) The effects of retrogradation and amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial populations in the porcine colon. Animal Science 68: 503-510
   Google Scholar
• SAVORY, C.J. (l992)Enzyme supplementation, degradation and metabolism of three U- 14C-labelled cell-wall substrates in the fowl. Br. J. Nutr. 67: 91-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIMON, O. (1998) The mode of action of NSP hydrolysing enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 7: 115-123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THOMKE, S. and ELWINGER, K. (1998a) Growth promotants in feeding pigs and poultry. II. Mode of action of antibiotic growth promotants. Ann. Zootech. 47: 153-167
   Google Scholar
• THOMKE, S. and ELWINGER, K. (1998b) Growth promotants in feeding pigs and poultry. I. Growth and feed efficiency responses to antibiotic growth promotants. Ann. Zootech. 47: 85-97
   Google Scholar
• VAHJEN, W., GLASER, K., SCHAFER, K. and SIMON, O. (1998) Influence of xylanase-supplemented feed on the development of selected bacterial groups in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 130: 489-500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER MEULEN, J., BAKKER, J.G.M., SMITS, B. and DE VISSER, H. (1997) Effect of source of starch on net portal flux of glucose, lactate, volatile fatty acids and amino acids in the pig. Br. J. Nutr. 78: 533-544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER, D.D. and THOMAS, O.P. (1987) Influence of diets containing rye or pectin on the intestinal flora of chicks. Poultry Science 57: 971-975
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHU, X.Y., ZHONG, T., PANDYA, Y. and JOERGER, R.D. (2002) 16S rRNA-based analysis of microbiota from the caecum of broiler chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 124-137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar