The Psychophysiological Investigation of Multiple Personality Disorder: Review and Update

References

• Allison , R. 1978 . A rationale psychotherapy plan for multiple personality . Svensk Tidskrift for Hypnosis , 3–4 : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Alvarado , C. S. 1989 . Dissociation and state-specific psychophysiology during the nineteenth century . Dissociation , 2 : 160 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1980 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bahnson , C. B. and Smith , K. 1975 . Autonomic changes in a multiple personality patient . Psychosomatic Medicine , 37 : 85 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , D. F. , Miller , B. and Signer , S. F. 1986 . Dual personality associated with epilepsy . Archives of Neurology , 43 : 471 – 474 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 ( 12 ) : 727 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss , E. L. 1980 . A report of 14 cases with implications for schizophrenia and hysteria . Archives of General Psychiatry , 37 : 1388 – 1397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss , E. L. 1984 . A symptom profile of patients with multiple personalities—with MMPI results . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders , 172 : 197 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss , E. L. 1986 . Multiple personality, allied disorders, and hypnosis , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. Psychophysiologic problems of multiple personality . Paper presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting . New Orleans, Louisiana.
   Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. 1983a . Psychophysiologic phenomena in multiple personality and hypnosis . American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis , 26 : 124 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. 1983b . Neurophysiologic changes in multiple personality due to integration: A preliminary report . American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis , 26 : 84 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. 1984 . Towards a theory of multiple personality and other dissociative phenomena . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 7 : 171 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. , ed. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociation . Chicago : Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center .
   Google Scholar
• Braun , B. G. and Braun , R. Clinical aspects of multiple personality . Paper presented at the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis Annual Meeting . San Francisco, California.
   Google Scholar
• Brende , J. O. 1984 . The psychophysiologic manifestations of dissociation . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 7 ( 1 ) : 41 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. T. 1981 . The history of multiple personality in the United States: I. The beginnings . American Journal of Psychiatry , 138 ( 5 ) : 666 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. T. 1989 . Multiple personality disorder: The first one hundred years . Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , 25 : 315 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chodoff , P. 1987 . More on multiple personality disorder (letter) . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 ( 1 ) : 124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocores , J. A. , Bender , A. L. and McBride , E. 1984 . Single case study: Multiple personality, seizure disorder, and the electroencephalogram . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 172 : 436 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1980 . Multiple personality: Diagnostic considerations . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 41 : 330 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1984 . The differential diagnosis of multiple personality . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 7 ( 1 ) : 51 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1988 . Psychophysiological aspects of multiple personality disorder . Dissociation , 1 ( 1 ) : 47 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. , Bowman , E. S. and Milstein , V. 1988 . Multiple personality disorder: A clinical investigation of 50 cases . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 176 : 519 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. , Milstein , V. and Marley , C. 1982 . EEG studies of two multiple personalities and a control . Archives of General Psychiatry , 39 : 823 – 825 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coryell , W. 1983 . Multiple personality and primary affective disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 171 : 388 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler , B. and Reed , J. 1975 . Multiple personality: A single case study with 15 year follow-up . Psychological Medicine , 5 : 18 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Densen-Gerber , J. The occurrence of stigmata in multiple personality/dissociative states . Paper presented at the 1986 Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Devinsky , O. , Putnam , F. W. , Grafman , J. , Bromfield , E. and Theodore , W. W. 1989 . Dissociative states and epilepsy . Neurology , 39 : 835 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vito , R. A. , Braun , B. G. , Karesh , S. , Henkin , R. E. and Caniga , C. Regional cerebral blood flow in multiple personality . Paper presented at the 1986 Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Drake , M. 1986 . Epilepsy and multiple personality: Clinical and EEG findings in 15 cases . Epilepsia , 27 : 635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenberger , H. F. 1970 . The discovery of the unconscious , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Fahy , T. A. 1988 . The diagnosis of multiple personality disorder: A critical review . British Journal of Psychiatry , 153 : 597 – 606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flor-Henry , P. , Tomer , R. , Kumpula , I. , Koles , Z. J. and Yeudall , L. T. 1990 . Neurophysiological and neuropsychological study of two cases of multiple personality syndrome and comparison with chronic hysteria . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 10 : 151 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French , O. 1987 . More on multiple personality disorder (letter) . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 : 124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frischholz , E. J. , Braun , B. G. , Sachs , R. G. , Hopkins , L. , Shaeffer , D. M. , Lewis , J. , Leavitt , F. , Pasquotto , J. N. and Schwartz , D. 1990 . The dissociative experiences scale: Further replication and validation . Dissociation , 3 ( 3 ) : 151 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilette , G. M. EEG documented pseudoseizures and multiple personality . Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Gilette , G. M. and Garbutt , J. C. Abnormal neuroendocrine profiles in multiple personality . Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , J. , Simms , M. and Bergman , R. 1979 . Hysterical seizures: A sequel to incest . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 49 : 698 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves , G. B. 1980 . Multiple personality: 165 years after Mary Reynolds . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 168 : 557 – 596 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross , M. 1979 . Incestuous rape: A cause for hysterical seizures in four adolescent girls . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 49 : 704 – 708 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruenewald , D. 1984 . On the nature of multiple personality: Comparisons with hypnosis . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 32 : 170 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff , J. 1987 . Multiple personality disorder? (letter) . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 48 : 174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton , P. and Miller , D. 1972 . The etiology of multiple personality . Comprehensive Psychophysiologic Aspects of MPD , 13 : 151 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , J. , Kuhlman , D. , Fichtner , C. and Gruenfeld , M. 1990 . Clinical Electroencephalography , 21 ( 4 ) : 200 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunter , M. Variations in thyroid function levels in multiple personality alters . Paper presented at the 1986 Conference on Dissociative Disorders and Multiple Personality . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Hyslop , T. 1899 . Double consciousness . British Medical Journal , 2 : 782 – 786 .
   Google Scholar
• Ischlondsky , N. D. 1955 . The inhibitory process in the cerebro-physiological laboratory and in the clinic . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 121 : 5 – 18 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins , D. , Radonjic , D. and Fraser , G. Sleep EEG in Multiple Personality Disorder . Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1984 . An introduction to multiple personality disorder . Psychiatric Annals , 14 : 19 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1985 . “ Childhood multiple personality disorder: Predictors, clinical findings, and treatment results ” . In Childhood antecedents of multiple personality , Edited by: Kluft , R. Washington : American Psychiatric Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1987a . Dr. Kluft replies (letter) . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 ( 1 ) : 124 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Kluft , R. P. 1987b . An update of multiple personality disorder . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 38 : 363 – 373 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ladle , B. L. The use of event-related potentials in the study of multiple personality disorder . Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Larmore , K. , Ludwig , A. M. and Cain , R. L. 1977 . Multiple personality: An objective case study . British Journal of Psychiatry , 131 : 35 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefkof , G. D. , Lovitt , R. , Bonte , F. , Devous , M. , Chehabi , H. , Pook , K. , Davidson , F. and Gipple , B. Psychophysiological and personality aspects of multiple personality disorder . Paper presented at the First International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative States . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Loewenstein , R. J. and Putnam , F. W. 1987 . A comparison of dissociative symptoms in patients with complex partial seizures, multiple personality disorder, and postraumatic stress disorder . Dissociation , 1 : 17 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig , A. M. , Brandsma , J. M. , Wilbur , C. R. , Bendfeldt , F. and Jameson , D. 1972 . The objective study of a multiple personality: Or are four heads better than one? . Archives of General Psychiatry , 26 : 298 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew , R. J. , Jack , R. A. and West , W. S. 1985 . Regional cerebral blood flow in a patient with multiple personality . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 504 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesulam , M. M. 1981 . Dissociative states with abnormal temporal lobe EEG: Multiple personality and the illusion of possession . Archives of Neurology , 38 : 176 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , S. D. , Blackburn , T. , Scholes , G. , White , G. and Mamalis , N. 1991 . Optical differences in cases of multiple personality disorder: A second look . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 179 : 132 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , S. D. 1989 . Optical differences in cases of multiple personality disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 177 : 480 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , S. D. The psychophysiological investigation of multiple personality disorder: Review and update . Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociation . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Miller , S. D. , Morgan , J. A. and Hales , R. Visual differences in cases of multiple personality disorder . Paper presented at the 1987 Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Morselli , G. E. 1953 . Personalities alternate e pathologia affectiva . Arch. Psycol. Neurol. Psichiatria , 14 : 579 – 583 . Cited in Putnam, F. (1984). The psychophysiologic investigation of multiple personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7: 31–39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pitblado , C. and Cohen , J. 1984 . State-related changes in amplitude, latency, and cerebral asymmetry of average evoked potentials in a case of multiple personality . International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 6 : 69
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitblado , C. and Densen-Gerber , J. Pattern-evoked potential differences among the personalities of a multiple: Some new phenomena . Paper presented at the 1986 Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders . Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. Evoked potentials in multiple personality disorder . Paper presented at the American Psychiatric Association . May .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 1984 . The psychophysiologic investigation of multiple personality disorder . Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 7 : 31 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 1986 . “ The scientific investigation of multiple personality disorder ” . In Split Minds-Split Brains , Edited by: Quen , J. New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 1987 . Dr. Putnam replies (letter) . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 48 : 174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. 1988 . The switch process in multiple personality disorder and other state-change disorders . Dissociation , 1 ( 1 ) : 24 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. , Guroff , J. J. , Silberman , E. K. , Barban , L. and Post , R. M. 1986 . The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: Review of 100 recent cases . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 47 : 285 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. , Zahn , T. P. and Post , R. M. 1990 . Differential autonomic nervous system activity in multiple personality disorder . Psychiatric Research , 31 : 251 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum , M. 1980 . The role of the term schizophrenia in the decline of the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder . Archives of General Psychiatry , 37 : 1383 – 1385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. 1990 . Twelve cognitive errors about multiple personality disorder . American Journal of Psychotherapy , 44 : 348 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Heber , S. , Anderson , G. , Norton , G. R. , Anderson , B. , del Campo , M. and Pillay , N. 1989 . Differentiating multiple personality disorder and complex partial seizures . General Hospital Psychiatry , 11 : 54 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Heber , S. , Norton , G. R. and Anderson , G. 1989a . Differences between multiple personality disorder and other diagnostic groups on structured interview . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 177 : 487 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Heber , S. , Norton , G. R. and Anderson , G. 1989b . Somatic symptoms in multiple personality disorder . Psychosomatics , 30 : 154 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Heber , S. , Norton , G. R. , Anderson , D. , Anderson , G. and Barchet , P. 1989 . The dissociative disorders interview schedule: A structure interview . Dissociation , 2 : 169 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C. A. , Norton , G. R. and Wozney , K. 1989 . Multiple personality disorder: An analysis of 236 cases . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 34 : 413 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosse , A. 1892 . Triple personality . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 19 : 186 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Salama , A. 1980 . Multiple personality . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 25 : 569 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenk , L. and Bear , D. 1981 . Multiple personality and related dissociative phenomena in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy . American Journal of Psychiatry , 60 : 1311 – 1316 .
   Google Scholar
• Shepard , K. R. and Braun , B. G. Changes in visual functioning of the multiple personality patient . Paper presented at the 1985 Conference on Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders . Unpublished
   Google Scholar
• Spanos , N. P. , Weekes , J. R. and Bertrand , L. D. 1985 . Multiple personality: A social psychological perspective . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 94 : 362 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Spanos , N. P. , Weekes , J. R. , Menary , E. and Bertrand , L. D. 1986 . Hypnotic interview and age regression procedures in the elicitation of multiple personality symptoms: A simulation study . Psychiatry , 49 : 298 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standage , K. F. 1957 . The etiology of hysterical seizures . Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal , 20 : 67 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. , Rounsaville , B. and Cicchetti , D. V. 1990 . The structured clinical interview for the DSM-III-R dissociative disorders: Preliminary report on a new diagnostic instrument . American Journal of Psychiatry , 147 : 76 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , W. S. and Martin , M. F. 1944 . Multiple personality . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 39 : 281 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Thigpen , C. H. and Cleckley , H. 1950 . A case of multiple personality . Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology , 49 : 135 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thigpen , C. H. and Cleckley , H. 1957 . The three faces of Eve , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Wholey , C. 1933 . A case of multiple personality . American Journal of Psychiatry , 12 : 653 – 688 .
   Google Scholar