Hypnotherapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Across the Lifespan

References

• Andersson, U., & Tracey, K. J. (2012). Reflex principles of immunological homeostasis. Annual Review of Immunology, 30, 313–335. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atlas, L. Y., & Wager, T. D. (2012). How expectations shape pain. Neuroscience Letters, 520, 140–148. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (2006). Effects of tailored and manualized hypnotic inductions for complicated irritable bowel syndrome patients. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 54, 100–112. doi:10.1080/00207140500322982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgart, D. C., & Sandborn, W. J. (2007). Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. The Lancet, 369, 1641–1657. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60751-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernklev, T., Jahnsen, J., Henriksen, M., Lygren, I., Aadland, E., Sauar, J. … Moum, B. (2006). Relationship between sick leave, unemployment, disability, and health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 12, 402–412. doi:10.1097/01.MIB.0000218762.61217.4a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielefeldt, K., Davis, B., & Binion, D. G. (2009). Pain and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15, 778–788. doi:10.1002/ibd.20848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitton, A., Dobkin, P., Edwardes, M., Sewitch, M., Meddings, J., Rawal, S. … Wild, G. (2008). Predicting relapse in Crohn’s disease: A biopsychosocial model. Gut, 57, 1386–1392. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.134817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaz, B. L., & Bernstein, C. N. (2013). Brain–gut interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 144, 36–49. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. V., Brain, O., & Travis, S. P. (2015). Conventional drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 50, 90–112. doi:10.3109/00365521.2014.968864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho, R., Viola, T. W., Walss-Bass, C., Brietzke, E., & Grassi-Oliveira, R. (2014). Childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers: A systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 129, 180–192. doi:10.1111/acps.2014.129.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekel, R., Drossman, D., & Sperber, A. (2015). Abdominal pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). In L. Kapural (Ed.), Visceral abdominal pain: An evidence-based, comprehensive guide to clinical management, (pp. 59–67). New York, NY: Springer Science.
   Google Scholar
• Devanarayana, N. M., Rajindrajith, S., Perera, M. S., Nishanthanie, S. W., Karunanayake, A., & Benninga, M. A. (2014). Association between functional gastrointestinal diseases and exposure to abuse in teenagers. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 60, 386–392. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmu035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disbrow, E. A., Bennett, H. L., & Owings, J. T. (1993). Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility. Western Journal Medicine, 158, 488–492.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorrian, A., Dempster, M., & Adair, P. (2009). Adjustment to inflammatory bowel disease: The relative influence of illness perceptions and coping. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15, 47–55. doi:10.1002/ibd.20583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman, D. A. (2011). Abuse, trauma, and GI illness: Is there a link? The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 106, 14–25. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman, D. A. (2013). 2012 David Sun lecture: Helping your patient by helping yourself—How to improve the patient–physician relationship by optimizing communication skills. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108, 521–528. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman, D. A., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2006). Rome III: New standard for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Journal Gastrointestinal Liver Disease, 15, 237–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drossman, D. A., Leserman, J., Nachman, G., Li, Z. M., Gluck, H., Toomey, T. C., & Mitchell, C. M. (1990). Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Annals Internal Medicine, 113, 828–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkins, G. R., Barabasz, A. F., Council, J. R., & Spiegel, D. (2015). Advancing research and practice: The revised APA division 30 definition of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63, 1–9. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.961870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emami, M. H., Gholamrezaei, A., & Daneshgar, H. (2009). Hypnotherapy as an adjuvant for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A case report. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 51, 255–262. doi:10.1080/00029157.2009.10401675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faure, C., & Giguère, L. (2008). Functional gastrointestinal disorders and visceral hypersensitivity in children and adolescents suffering from Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 14, 1569–1574. doi:10.1002/ibd.20506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flik, C. E., Van Rood, Y. R., Laan, W., Smout, A. J., Weusten, B. L., Whorwell, P. J., & De Wit, N. J. (2011). A randomised controlled trial on hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: Design and methodological challenges (the IMAGINE study). BMC Gastroenterology, 11, 137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, A. C., & Moayyedi, P. (2010). Meta-analysis: Factors affecting placebo response rate in the irritable bowel syndrome. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 32, 144–158. England. doi:10.1111/apt.2010.32.issue-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, A. C., Quigley, E. M., Lacy, B. E., Lembo, A. J., Saito, Y. A., Schiller, L. R. … Moayyedi, P. (2014). Effect of antidepressants and psychological therapies, including hypnotherapy, in irritable bowel syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 109, 1350–1365. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galili, O., Shaoul, R., & Mogilner, J. (2009). Treatment of chronic recurrent abdominal pain: Laparoscopy or hypnosis? Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, 19, 93–96. doi:10.1089/lap.2008.0059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerson, M.-J. (2002). Psychosomatics and psychoanalytic theory: The psychology of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 19, 380–388. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.19.2.380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonsalkorale, W. M., Miller, V., Afzal, A., & Whorwell, P. J. (2003). Long term benefits of hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Gut, 52, 1623–1629. doi:10.1136/gut.52.11.1623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodhand, J. R., Wahed, M., & Rampton, D. S. (2009). Management of stress in inflammatory bowel disease: A therapeutic option? Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 3, 661–679. doi:10.1586/egh.09.55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graff, L. A., Walker, J. R., & Bernstein, C. N. (2009). Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of comorbidity and management. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15, 1105–1118. doi:10.1002/ibd.20873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenley, R. N., Hommel, K. A., Nebel, J., Raboin, T., Li, S. H., Simpson, P., & Mackner, L. (2010). A meta-analytic review of the psychosocial adjustment of youth with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35, 857–869. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griefenegg, M., Michalski, M., Dejaco, C., & Moser, G. (2013). Gut directed hypnosis for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Psychotherapy Psychosomatics, 82, 39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover, M., & Drossman, D. A. (2010). Functional abdominal pain. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 12, 391–398. doi:10.1007/s11894-010-0125-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grover, M., Herfarth, H., & Drossman, D. A. (2009). The functional-organic dichotomy: Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease-irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology, 7, 48–53. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.08.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunkemeier, D. M. S., Cassara, J. E., Dalton, C. B., & Drossman, D. A. (2007). The narcotic bowel syndrome: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and management. Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology, 5, 1126–1139. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulewitsch, M. D., Müller, J., Hautzinger, M., & Schlarb, A. A. (2013). Brief hypnotherapeutic-behavioral intervention for functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in childhood: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pediatrics, 172, 1043–1051. doi:10.1007/s00431-013-1990-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton, L. A., Calvert, E. L., Jackson, N. A., Cooper, P., & Whorwell, P. J. (2002). Visceral sensation and emotion: A study using hypnosis. Gut, 51, 701–704. doi:10.1136/gut.51.5.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karwowski, C. A., Keljo, D., & Szigethy, E. (2009). Strategies to improve quality of life in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15, 1755–1764. doi:10.1002/ibd.20919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefer, L., & Keshavarzian, A. (2007). Feasibility and acceptability of gut-directed hypnosis on inflammatory bowel disease: A brief communication. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 55, 457–466. doi:10.1080/00207140701506565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefer, L., Kiebles, J. L., Kwiatek, M. A., Palsson, O., Taft, T. H., Martinovich, Z., & Barrett, T. A. (2012). The potential role of a self-management intervention for ulcerative colitis: A brief report from the ulcerative colitis hypnotherapy trial. Biological Research for Nursing, 14, 71–77. doi:10.1177/1099800410397629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefer, L., Taft, T. H., Kiebles, J. L., Martinovich, Z., Barrett, T. A., & Palsson, O. S. (2013). Gut-directed hypnotherapy significantly augments clinical remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 38, 761–771. doi:10.1111/apt.2013.38.issue-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, S. R., Monshat, K., & Castle, D. J. (2013). The efficacy and methodological challenges of psychotherapy for adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 19, 2704–2715. doi:10.1097/MIB.0b013e318296ae5a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H. H., Choi, Y. Y., & Choi, M. G. (2014). The efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 20, 152–162. doi:10.5056/jnm.2014.20.2.152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M., Andreoli, A., Luzi, C. … Marcheggiano, A. (2000). Stress and exacerbation in ulcerative colitis: A prospective study of patients enrolled in remission. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95, 1213–1220. doi:10.1111/ajg.2000.95.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, M. D., & Drossman, D. A. (2010). Editorial: Inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or what?: A challenge to the functional–organic dichotomy. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 105, 1796–1798. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maunder, R. G., & Levenstein, S. (2008). The role of stress in the development and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease: Epidemiological evidence. Current Molecular Medicine, 8, 247–252. doi:10.2174/156652408784533832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawdsley, J., Jenkins, D., Macey, M., Langmead, L., & Rampton, D. (2008). The effect of hypnosis on systemic and rectal mucosal measures of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 103, 1460–1469. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01845.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombie, A. M., Mulder, R. T., & Gearry, R. B. (2013). Psychotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A review and update. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 7, 935–949. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLintock, T. T., Aitken, H., Downie, C. F., & Kenny, G. N. (1990). Postoperative analgesic requirements in patients exposed to positive intraoperative suggestions. British Medical Journal, 301, 788–790. doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6755.788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meissner, K., Bingel, U., Colloca, L., Wager, T. D., Watson, A., & Flaten, M. A. (2011). The placebo effect: Advances from different methodological approaches. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 16117–16124. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4099-11.2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus, A. A., Andrews, J. M., Bernstein, C. N., Graff, L. A., Walker, J. R., Spinelli, A. … Moser, G. (2012). Integrated models of care in managing inflammatory bowel disease: A discussion. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 18, 1582–1587. doi:10.1002/ibd.22877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikocka-Walus, A. A., Turnbull, D. A., Andrews, J. M., Moulding, N. T., & Holtmann, G. J. (2008). The effect of functional gastrointestinal disorders on psychological comorbidity and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 28, 475–483. doi:10.1111/apt.2008.28.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, V., & Whorwell, P. (2008). Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A role for hypnotherapy? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 56, 306–317. doi:10.1080/00207140802041884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, G. (2014). The role of hypnotherapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 8, 601–606. doi:10.1586/17474124.2014.917955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, E. A., Dowsey, M. M., Knowles, S. R., Castle, D. J., Salzberg, M. R., Monshat, K. … Choong, P. F. (2013). Systematic review of the efficacy of pre-surgical mind-body based therapies on post-operative outcome measures. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21, 697–711. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholas, D. B., Swan, S. R., Gerstle, T. J., Allan, T., & Griffiths, A. M. (2008). Struggles, strengths, and strategies: An ethnographic study exploring the experiences of adolescents living with an ostomy. Health Quality Life Outcomes, 6, 114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Malley, D., Quigley, E. M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2011). Do interactions between stress and immune responses lead to symptom exacerbations in irritable bowel syndrome? Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 25, 1333–1341. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palsson, O. S. (2006). Standardized hypnosis treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: The North Carolina protocol. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 54, 51–64. doi:10.1080/00207140500322933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palsson, O. S., Turner, M. J., Johnson, D. A., Burnett, C. K., & Whitehead, W. E. (2002). Hypnosis treatment for severe irritable bowel syndrome: Investigation of mechanism and effects on symptoms. Digestive Diseases Sciences, 47, 2605–2614. doi:10.1023/A:1020545017390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palsson, O. S., & Whitehead, W. E. (2013). Psychological treatments in functional gastrointestinal disorders: A primer for the gastroenterologist. Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 11, 208–216. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.10.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson, W. M. (1975). A case study of neurosis secondary to trauma in an eight-year-old girl: Comments on the tendency for psychogenic illness to become chronic. Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia), 14, 859–861. doi:10.1177/000992287501400912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regueiro, M. D., & Swoger, J. M. (2013). Clinical challenges and complications of IBD. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Reigada, L. C., Benkov, K. J., Bruzzese, J. M, Hoogendoorn, C., Szigethy, E., Briggie, A. … Warner, C. M. (2013). Integrating illness concerns into cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and co-occurring anxiety. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 18, 133–143. doi:10.1111/jspn.12019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutten, J. M., Reitsma, J. B., Vlieger, A. M., & Benninga, M. A. (2013). Gut-directed hypnotherapy for functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98, 252–257. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutten, J. M., Vlieger, A. M., Frankenhuis, C., George, E. K., Groeneweg, M., Norbruis, O. F. … Benninga, M. A. (2014). Gut-directed hypnotherapy in children with irritable bowel syndrome or functional abdominal pain (syndrome): A randomized controlled trial on self exercises at home using CD versus individual therapy by qualified therapists. BMC Pediatrics, 14, 140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer, D. W. (1997). Hypnosis and the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 40, 111–117. doi:10.1080/00029157.1997.10403415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaoul, R., Sukhotnik, I., & Mogilner, J. (2009). Hypnosis as an adjuvant treatment for children with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 30, 268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokol, H., Seksik, P., & Cosnes, J. (2014). Complications and surgery in the inflammatory bowel diseases biological era. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 30, 378–384. doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonneveld, L. P., Brilleslijper-Kater, S. N., Benninga, M. A., Hoytema Van Konijnenburg, E. M., Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn, T., & Teeuw, A. H. (2013). Prevalence of child sexual abuse in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 56, 475–480. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31828b5145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinath, A. I., Goyal, A., Zimmerman, L. A., Newara, M. C., Kirshner, M. A., McCarthy, F. N. … Szigethy, E. M. (2014). Predictors of abdominal pain in depressed pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 20, 1329–1340. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szigethy, E., Bujoreanu, S. I., Youk, A., Weisz, J., Benhayon, D., Fairclough, D. … Demaso, D. R. (2014). Randomized efficacy trial of two psychotherapies for depression in youth with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 726–735. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szigethy, E., Schwartz, M., & Drossman, D. A. (2015). Opiate-induced bowel dysfunction. In S. S. C. Rao, H. P. Parkman, & R. W. McCallum (Eds.), In handbook of gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders: Slack incorporated ( chapter 25, pp. 315–329). Thorofare, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Szigethy, E., Youk, A., Gonzalez-Heydrich, J., Bujoreanu, S. I., Weisz, J., Fairclough, D. … DeMaso, D. R.. (2015). Effect of two psychotherapies on depression and disease activity in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21, 1321–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, M., Law, L. S.-C., & Gan, T. J. (2015). Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 62, 203–218. doi:10.1007/s12630-014-0275-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmer, A., Preiss, J. C., Motschall, E., Rucker, G., Jantschek, G., & Moser, G. (2011). Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, 16, CD006913.
   Google Scholar
• Tracey, K. J. (2007). Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 117, 289–296. doi:10.1172/JCI30555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Tilburg, M. A., Chitkara, D. K., Palsson, O. S., Turner, M., Blois-Martin, N., Ulshen, M., & Whitehead, W. E. (2009). Audio-recorded guided imagery treatment reduces functional abdominal pain in children: A pilot study. Pediatrics, 124, e890–897. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlieger, A. M., Menko–Frankenhuis, C., Wolfkamp, S. C., Tromp, E., & Benninga, M. A. (2007). Hypnotherapy for children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology, 133, 1430–1436. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlieger, A. M., Rutten, J., Govers, A., Frankenhuis, C., & Benninga, M. A. (2012). Long-term follow-up of gut-directed hypnotherapy vs. standard care in children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107, 627–631. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Wietersheim, J., & Kessler, H. (2006). Psychotherapy with chronic inflammatory bowel disease patients: A review. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 12, 1175–1184. doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000236925.87502.e0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, E. A., Katon, W. J., Roy-Byrne, P. P., Jemelka, R. P., & Russo, J. (1993). Histories of sexual victimization in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1502–1506. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.10.1502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, J. R., Ediger, J. P., Graff, L. A., Greenfeld, J. M., Clara, I., Lix, L. … Bernstein, C. N. (2008). The Manitoba IBD cohort study: A population-based study of the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month anxiety and mood disorders. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 103, 1989–1997. doi:10.1111/ajg.2008.103.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, L. S., Smith, C. A., Garber, J., & Van Slyke, D. A. (1997). Development and validation of the pain response inventory for children. Psychological Assessment, 9, 392–405. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whorwell, P. J. (2012). IBS: Hypnotherapy—A wasted resource? Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9, 12–13. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whorwell, P. J., Prior, A., & Colgan, S. M. (1987). Hypnotherapy in severe irritable bowel syndrome: Further experience. Gut, 28, 423–425. doi:10.1136/gut.28.4.423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whorwell, P. J., Prior, A., & Faragher, E. B. (1984). Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of severe refractory irritable-bowel syndrome. The Lancet, 324, 1232–1234. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92793-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtowicz, A. A., Greenley, R. N., Gumidyala, A. P., Rosen, A., & Williams, S. E. (2014). Pain severity and pain catastrophizing predict functional disability in youth with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis, 8, 1118–1124. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2014.02.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, D. P., & Hirschberg, B. C. (1994). Hypnosis with the surgical patient. Military Medicine, 159, 353–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, L. A., Srinath, A. I., Goyal, A., Bousvaros, A., Ducharme, P., Szigethy, E., & Nurko, S. (2013). The overlap of functional abdominal pain in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 19, 826–831. doi:10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182802a0a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar