References
- Atkinson, R. P. (1994). Relationships of hypnotic susceptibility to paranormal beliefs and claimed experiences: Implications for hypnotic absorption. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 37(1), 34–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1994.10403107
- Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., Wilkins, R. W., Jauk, E., Fink, A., Silvia, P. J., … Neubauer, A. C. (2014). Creativity and the default network: A functional connectivity analysis of the creative brain at rest. Neuropsychologia, 64, 92–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.019
- Beaty, R. E., Chen, Q., Christensen, A. P., Qiu, J., Silvia, P. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2018). Brain networks of the imaginative mind: Dynamic functional connectivity of default and cognitive control networks relates to openness to experience. Human Brain Mapping, 39(2), 811–821. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23884
- Betzel, R. F., Byrge, L., He, Y., Goni, J., Zuo, X. N., & Sporns, O. (2014). Changes in structural and functional connectivity among resting-state networks across the human lifespan. Neuroimage, 102(Pt 2), 345–357. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.067
- Chen, Q., Yang, W., Li, W., Wei, D., Li, H., Lei, Q., … Qiu, J. (2014). Association of creative achievement with cognitive flexibility by a combined voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity study. Neuroimage, 102(Pt 2), 474–483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.008
- Cojan, Y., Piguet, C., & Vuilleumier, P. (2015). What makes your brain suggestible? Hypnotizability is associated with differential brain activity during attention outside hypnosis. Neuroimage, 117, 367–374. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.076
- Cousijn, J., Koolschijn, P. C., Zanolie, K., Kleibeuker, S. W., & Crone, E. A. (2014). The relation between gray matter morphology and divergent thinking in adolescents and young adults. PLoS One, 9(12), e114619. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114619
- Cousijn, J., Zanolie, K., Munsters, R. J., Kleibeuker, S. W., & Crone, E. A. (2014). The relation between resting state connectivity and creativity in adolescents before and after training. PLoS One, 9(9), e105780. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105780
- Crawford, H. J. (1982). Hypnotizability, daydreaming styles, imagery vividness, and absorption: A multidimensional study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(5), 915–926.
- Dasse, M. N., Elkins, G. R., & Weaver, C. A., 3rd. (2015). Correlates of the multidimensional construct of hypnotizability: Paranormal belief, fantasy proneness, magical ideation, and dissociation. . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63(3), 274–283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2015.1031051
- Dauphin, B., & Heller, G. (2010). Going to other worlds: The relationships between videogaming, psychological absorption, and daydreaming styles. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 169–172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0065
- Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113–126. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
- Dixon, M., Labelle, L., & Laurence, J. R. (1996). A multivariate approach to the prediction of hypnotic susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 44(3), 250–264. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207149608416086
- Dosenbach, N. U., Nardos, B., Cohen, A. L., Fair, D. A., Power, J. D., Church, J. A., … Schlaggar, B. L. (2010). Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science, 329(5997), 1358–1361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194144
- Epstein, S. (2003). Cognitive-experiential self-theory of personality. In T. Millon & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology: Personality and social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 159–184). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.
- Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles. J Pers Soc Psychol, 71(2), 390–405.
- Facco, E., Testoni, I., Ronconi, L., Casiglia, E., Zanette, G., & Spiegel, D. (2017). Psychological features of hypnotizability: A first step towards its empirical definition. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(1), 98–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2017.1246881
- Frischholz, E. J., Braun, B. G., Sachs, R. G., Schwartz, D. R., Lewis, J., Shaeffer, D., … Pasquotto, J. (2015). Construct validity of the dissociative experiences scale: II. Its relationship to hypnotizability. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 57(2), 102–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2015.967056
- Frischholz, E. J., Spiegel, D., Trentalange, M. J., & Spiegel, H. (1987). The hypnotic induction profile and absorption. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 57(2), 122–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2015.967065
- Gao, Z., Zhang, D., Liang, A., Liang, B., Wang, Z., Cai, Y., … Liu, M. (2017). Exploring the associations between intrinsic brain connectivity and creative ability using functional connectivity strength and connectome analysis. Brain Connectivity, 7(9), 590–601. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/brain.2017.0510
- Gfeller, J. D., Lynn, S. J., & Pribble, W. E. (1987). Enhancing hypnotic susceptibility: Interpersonal and rapport factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 586–595.
- Goldberg, L. R. (1999). The curious experiences survey, a revised version of the dissociative experiences scale: Factor structure, reliability, and relations to demographic and personality variables. Psychological Assessment, 11(2), 134–145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.2.134
- Graffin, N. F., Ray, W. J., & Lundy, R. (1995). EEG concomitants of hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(1), 123–131.
- Green, J. P., Barabasz, A. F., Barrett, D., & Montgomery, G. H. (2005). Forging ahead: The 2003 APA division 30 definition of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 53(3), 259–264. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140590961321
- Green, J. P., & Lynn, S. J. (2011). Hypnotic responsiveness: Expectancy, attitudes, fantasy proneness, absorption, and gender. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59(1), 103–121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2011.522914
- Hoeft, F., Gabrieli, J. D., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Haas, B. W., Bammer, R., Menon, V., & Spiegel, D. (2012). Functional brain basis of hypnotizability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(10), 1064–1072. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2190
- Horton, J. E., Crawford, H. J., Harrington, G., & Downs, J. H., 3rd. (2004). Increased anterior corpus callosum size associated positively with hypnotizability and the ability to control pain. Brain, 127(Pt 8), 1741–1747. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh196
- Hoyt, I. P., Nadon, R., Register, P. A., Chorny, J., Fleeson, W., Grigorian, E. M., … Kihlstrom, J. F. (1989). Daydreaming, absorption and hypnotizability. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37(4), 332–342. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207148908414487
- Huber, A., Lui, F., Duzzi, D., Pagnoni, G., & Porro, C. A. (2014). Structural and functional cerebral correlates of hypnotic suggestibility. PLoS One, 9(3), e93187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093187
- Ingalhalikar, M., Smith, A., Parker, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Elliott, M. A., Ruparel, K., … Verma, R. (2014). Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(2), 823–828. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316909110
- Kihlstrom, J. F. (2015). Dynamic versus cognitive unconscious. In R. L. Cautin & S. O. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology (First ed., pp. 988–996). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Kihlstrom, J. F., Register, P. A., Hoyt, I. P., Albright, J. S., Grigorian, E. M., Heindel, W. C., & Morrison, C. R. (1989). Dispositional correlates of hypnosis: A phenomenological approach. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 37(3), 249–263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207148908414476
- Kirenskaya, A. V., Novototsky-Vlasov, V. Y., & Zvonikov, V. M. (2011). Waking EEG spectral power and coherence differences between high and low hypnotizable subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59(4), 441–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2011.594744
- Kirsch, I. (1997). Suggestibility or hypnosis: What do our scales really measure? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 45(3), 212–225. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207149708416124
- Kirsch, I., Silva, C. E., Comey, G., & Reed, S. (1995). A spectral analysis of cognitive and personality variables in hypnosis: Empirical disconfirmation of the two-factor model of hypnotic responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(1), 167–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.167
- Lack, S. A., Kumar, V. K., & Arevalo, S. (2003). Fantasy proneness, creative capacity, and styles of creativity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96(1), 19–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.19
- Li, W., Yang, J., Zhang, Q., Li, G., & Qiu, J. (2016). The association between resting functional connectivity and visual creativity. Scientific Reports, 6, 25395. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25395
- Lichtenberg, P., Bachner-Melman, R., Ebstein, R. P., & Crawford, H. J. (2004). Hypnotic susceptibility: Multidimensional relationships with Cloninger’s tridimensional personality questionnaire, COMT polymorphisms, absorption, and attentional characteristics. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 52(1), 47–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1076/iceh.52.1.47.23922
- Lynn, S. J., & Rhue, J. W. (1986). The fantasy-prone person: Hypnosis, imagination, and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(2), 404–408.
- McGeown, W. J., Mazzoni, G., Vannucci, M., & Venneri, A. (2015). Structural and functional correlates of hypnotic depth and suggestibility. Psychiatry Research, 231(2), 151–159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.015
- Merckelbach, H., Horselenberg, R., & Muris, P. (2001). The Creative Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ): A brief self-report measure of fantasy proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 987–995. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00201-4
- Merckelbach, H., Rassin, E., & Muris, P. (2000). Dissociation, schizotypy, and fantasy proneness in undergraduate students. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(7), 428–431.
- Montgomery, D. D., Dwyer, K. V., & Kelly, S. M. (2000). Relationship between QEEG relative power and hypnotic susceptibility. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(1), 71–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2000.10404256
- Nadon, R., Laurence, J. R., & Perry, C. (1991). Absorption and hypnotizability: Context effects reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 144–153.
- Norton, G. R., Ross, C. A., & Novotny, M. F. (1990). Factors that predict scores on the dissociative experiences scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(3), 273–277.
- Parker, A. (1999). Imaginal experiences and perceptual defence. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 72(Pt 4), 447–458.
- Piccione, C., Hilgard, E. R., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1989). On the degree of stability of measured hypnotizability over a 25-year period. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 289–295.
- Radtke, H. L., & Stam, H. J. (1991). The relationship between absorption, openness to experience, anhedonia, and susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 39(1), 39–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207149108409617
- Rivers, A., Wickramasekera II, I. E., Pekala, R. J., & Rivers, J. A. (2016). Empathic features and absorption in fantasy role-playing. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 58(3), 286–294. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2015.1103696
- Sabourin, M. E., Cutcomb, S. D., Crawford, H. J., & Pribram, K. (1990). EEG correlates of hypnotic susceptibility and hypnotic trance: Spectral analysis and coherence. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 10(2), 125–142.
- Shor, R. E., & Orne, E. C. (1962). Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility: Form A. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
- Spanos, N. P., Brett, P. J., Menary, E. P., & Cross, W. P. (1987). A measure of attitudes toward hypnosis: Relationships with absorption and hypnotic susceptibility. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 30(2), 139–150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1987.10404174
- Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto empathy questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 62–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802484381
- Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Sassa, Y., Nagase, T., Nouchi, R., & Kawashima, R. (2012). The association between resting functional connectivity and creativity. Cerebral Cortex, 22(12), 2921–2929. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr371
- Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Nouchi, R., Yokoyama, R., Kotozaki, Y., Nakagawa, S., … Kawashima, R. (2017). Creative females have larger white matter structures: Evidence from a large sample study. Human Brain Mapping, 38(1), 414–430. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23369
- Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277.
- Thalbourne, M. A., Bartemucci, L., Delin, P. S., Fox, B., & Nofi, O. (1997). Transliminality: Its nature and correlates. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 91, 305–332.
- Thalbourne, M. A., & Maltby, J. (2008). Transliminality, thin boundaries, unusual experiences, and temporal lobe lability. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1617–1623. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.022
- Tian, L., Li, Q., Wang, C., & Yu, J. (2018). Changes in dynamic functional connections with aging. Neuroimage, 172, 31–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.040
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2016). Census regions and divisions of the United States. Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). Educational attainment in the United States: 2017. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/education-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html
- Wei, D., Yang, J., Li, W., Wang, K., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2014). Increased resting functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in creativity by means of cognitive stimulation. Cortex, 51, 92–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013.09.004
- Weitzenhofer, A., & Hilgard, E. R. (1959). Stanford hypnotic susceptibility scale, forms A and B. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
- Wickramasekera II, I. E. (2007). Empathic features of absorption and incongruence. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 50(1), 59–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2007.10401598
- Wickramasekera II, I. E., & Szlyk, J. P. (2003). Could empathy be a predictor of hypnotic ability? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 51(4), 390–399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1076/iceh.51.4.390.16413
- Wilson, S. C., & Barber, T. X. (1981). Vivid fantasy and hallucinationatory abilities in the life histories of excellent hypnotic subjects (“somnabules”): Preliminary report with female subjects. In E. Klinger (Ed.), Imagery: Vol. 2, concepts, results, and applications (pp. 133–149). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
- Zachariae, R., Jorgensen, M. M., & Christensen, S. (2000). Hypnotizability and absorption in a Danish sample: Testing the influence of context. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 48(3), 306–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140008415248
- Zhu, W., Chen, Q., Xia, L., Beaty, R. E., Yang, W., Tian, F., … Qiu, J. (2017). Common and distinct brain networks underlying verbal and visual creativity. Human Brain Mapping, 38(4), 2094–2111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23507