The neurochemistry of hypnotic suggestion

References

• Abdolmaleky, H. (2004). Meta-analysis of association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5HT2a receptor gene and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 67(1), 53–62. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00183-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acunzo, D. J., & Terhune, D. B. (2021). A Critical Review of Standardized Measures of Hypnotic Suggestibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(1), 50–71. doi: 10.1080/00207144.2021.1833209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, E. L., & Nash, M. R. (2008). Psychoanalytic approaches to clinical hypnosis. In M. R. Nash & A. J. Barnier (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hypnosis: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 439–456). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barber, J., Donaldson, D., Ramras, S., & Allen, G. D. (1979). The relationship between nitrous oxide conscious sedation and the hypnotic state. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 99(4), 624–626. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1979.0353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnier, A. J., Terhune, D. B., Polito, V., & Woody, E. Z. (in press). A componential approach to individual differences in hypnotizability. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, V., Oakley, D. A., Halligan, P. W., & Deeley, Q. (2011). Dissociation in hysteria and hypnosis: Evidence from cognitive neuroscience. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 82(3), 332–339. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.199158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilder, R. M., Volavka, J., Lachman, H. M., & Grace, A. A. (2004). The catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism: Relations to the tonic–phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(11), 1943–1961. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bismuth, C., Dally, S., & Borron, S. W. (1997). Chemical submission: GHB, benzodiazepines, and other knock out drops. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 35(6), 595–598. doi:10.3109/15563659709001238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. A., Hung, L., Dobson-Stone, C., & Schofield, P. R. (2013). The association between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and hypnotizability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(10), 1979–1984. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. A., Hung, L., Guastella, A. J., & Mitchell, P. B. (2012). Oxytocin as a moderator of hypnotizability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(1), 162–166. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, L. D., Duran, R. E., Jasiukaitis, P., Koopman, C., & Spiegel, D. (1996). Hypnotizability and traumatic experience: A diathesis-stress model of dissociative symptomatology. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(7 Suppl), 42–63. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.8.A42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardeña, E., Nordhjem, B., Marcusson-Clavertz, D., Holmqvist, K., & Cropper, S. J. (2017). The “hypnotic state” and eye movements: Less there than meets the eye? Plos One, 12(8), e0182546. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardeña, E., & Terhune, D. B. (2014). Hypnotizability, personality traits, and the propensity to experience alterations of consciousness. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(3), 292–307. doi:10.1037/cns0000026
   Google Scholar
• Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kaelen, M., Whalley, M. G., Bolstridge, M., Feilding, A., & Nutt, D. J. (2015). LSD enhances suggestibility in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 232(4), 785–794. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3714-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, S. E., Lam, N. H., Murray, J. D., Hunt, L. T., & Kennerley, S. W. (2020). A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction. ELife, 9. doi:10.7554/eLife.53664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colloca, L., Wang, Y., Martinez, P. E., Chang, Y.-P. C., Ryan, K. A., Hodgkinson, C., … Dorsey, S. G. (2019). OPRM1 rs1799971, COMT rs4680, and FAAH rs324420 genes interact with placebo procedures to induce hypoalgesia. PAIN, 160(8), 1824–1834. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016). Prediction error, ketamine and psychosis: An updated model. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(11), 1145–1155. doi:10.1177/0269881116650087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., Krystal, J. H., & Fletcher, P. C. (2011). Glutamatergic model psychoses: Prediction error, learning, and inference. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36(1), 294–315. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, L. C., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Castrellon, J. J., Perkins, S. F., Cowan, R. L., Newhouse, P. A., & Zald, D. H. (2017). Spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is uncorrelated with dopamine D2 receptor availability and unmodulated by dopamine agonism in healthy adults. Eneuro, 4(5), ENEURO.0211–17.2017. doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0211-17.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby, R. R., Joutsa, J., Burke, M. J., & Fox, M. D. (2018). Lesion network localization of free will. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(42), 10792–10797. doi:10.1073/pnas.1814117115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Gregorio, D., Enns, J. P., Nuñez, N. A., Posa, L., & Gobbi, G. (2018). d-Lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and other classic hallucinogens: Mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications in mood disorders. Cambridge, MA: In Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 242, pp. 69–96). Elsevier. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.008
   Google Scholar
• De Pascalis, V., Russo, E., & Ishii, R. (2013). Hypnotizability, hypnosis and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in healthy women: An ERP analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e79605. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Declerck, C. H., Boone, C., Pauwels, L., Vogt, B., & Fehr, E. (2020). A registered replication study on oxytocin and trust. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(6), 646–655. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0878-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeley, Q., Oakley, D. A., Toone, B., Bell, V., Walsh, E., Marquand, A. F., … Halligan, P. W. (2013). The functional anatomy of suggested limb paralysis. Cortex, 49(2), 411–422. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSouza, D. D., Stimpson, K. H., Baltusis, L., Sacchet, M. D., Gu, M., Hurd, R., … Spiegel, D. (2020). Association between anterior cingulate neurochemical concentration and individual differences in hypnotizability. Cerebral Cortex, 30(6), 3644–3654. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. F., Schubert, M., Chen, A. C. N., & Clark, D. W. (1986). Psychological preparation influences nitrous oxide analgesia: Replication of laboratory findings in a clinical setting. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 61(1), 108–112. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(86)90212-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elkins, G. R., Barabasz, A. F., Council, J. R., & Spiegel, D. (2015). Advancing research and practice: The revised APA division 30 definition of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63(1), 1–9. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.961870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmanouil, D. (2020). Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide. In K. Gupta, D. Emmanouil, & A. Sethi (Eds.), Nitrous oxide in pediatric dentistry (pp. 77–108). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29618-6_3
   Google Scholar
• Ende, G. (2015). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Relevance of glutamate and GABA to neuropsychology. Neuropsychology Review, 25(3), 315–325. doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9295-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, H. J., & Rees, W. L. (1945). States of heightened suggestibility: Narcosis. Journal of Mental Science, 91(384), 301–310. doi:10.1192/bjp.91.384.301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin, J., Chamadia, S., Locascio, J. J., Ethridge, B. R., Pedemonte, J. C., Hahm, E. Y., … Akeju, O. (2020). Dissociative and analgesic properties of ketamine are independent. Anesthesiology, 133(5), 1021–1028. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, A., & Hilgard, E. R. (1975). Failure of the opiate antagonist naloxone to modify hypnotic analgesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 72(6), 2041–2043. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.6.2041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goullé, J.-P., & Anger, J.-P. (2004). Drug-facilitated robbery or sexual assault: Problems associated with Amnesia. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 26(2), 206–210. doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, K., Emmanouil, D., & Sethi, A., Eds.. (2020). Nitrous oxide in pediatric dentistry: A clinical handbook. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29618-6
   Google Scholar
• Heinrichs, M., Meinlschmidt, G., Wippich, W., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2004). Selective amnesic effects of oxytocin on human memory. Physiology & Behavior, 83(1), 31–38. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.07.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrichs, M., von Dawans, B., & Domes, G. (2009). Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30(4), 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvat-Gordon, M., Granger, D. A., Schwartz, E. B., Nelson, V. J., & Kivlighan, K. T. (2005). Oxytocin is not a valid biomarker when measured in saliva by immunoassay. Physiology & Behavior, 84(3), 445–448. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javor, A., Riedl, R., Kindermann, H., Brandstätter, W., Ransmayr, G., & Gabriel, M. (2014). Correlation of plasma and salivary oxytocin in healthy young men—Experimental evidence. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 35(6), 470–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, M. P., Jamieson, G. A., Lutz, A., Mazzoni, G., McGeown, W. J., Santarcangelo, E. L., … Terhune, D. B. (2017). New directions in hypnosis research: Strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 3(1). doi:10.1093/nc/nix004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jevtovic-Todorovic, V., Wozniak, D. F., Benshoff, N. D., & Olney, J. W. (2001). A comparative evaluation of the neurotoxic properties of ketamine and nitrous oxide. Brain Research, 895(1–2), 264–267. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02079-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongkees, B. J., & Colzato, L. S. (2016). Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function—A review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 58–82. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurek, B., & Neumann, I. D. (2018). The oxytocin receptor: From intracellular signaling to behavior. Physiological Reviews, 98(3), 1805–1908. doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasos, E., Kasos, K., Pusztai, F., Polyák, Á., Kovács, K. J., & Varga, K. (2018). Changes in oxytocin and cortisol in active-alert hypnosis: Hormonal changes benefiting low hypnotizable participants. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 66(4), 404–427. doi:10.1080/00207144.2018.1495009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katonai, E. R., Szekely, A., Vereczkei, A., Sasvari-Szekely, M., Bányai, É. I., & Varga, K. (2017). Dopaminergic and serotonergic genotypes and the subjective experiences of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 65(4), 379–397. doi:10.1080/00207144.2017.1348848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch, I. (1999). Hypnosis and placebos: Response expectancy as a mediator of suggestion effects. Anales de Psicología, 15(1), 99–110.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch, I., Montgomery, G., & Sapirstein, G. (1995). Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(2), 214–220. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.63.2.214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019). Dopamine: Functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 39(1), 31–59. doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435(7042), 673–676. doi:10.1038/nature03701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krystal, J. H., Karper, L. P., Bennett, A., D’Souza, D. C., Abi-Dargham, A., Morrissey, K., … Charney, D. S. (1998). Interactive effects of subanesthetic ketamine and subhypnotic lorazepam in humans. Psychopharmacology, 135(3), 213–229. doi:10.1007/s002130050503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachman, H. M., Papolos, D. F., Saito, T., Yu, Y.-M., Szumlanski, C. L., & Weinshilboum, R. M. (1996). Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics, 6(3), 243–250. doi:10.1097/00008571-199606000-00007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landry, M., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2017). Brain correlates of hypnosis: A systematic review and meta-analytic exploration. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 81, 75–98. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, R., Heresco-Levy, U., Edelman, S., Shapira, H., Ebstein, R. P., & Lichtenberg, P. (2011). Hypnotizability and sensorimotor gating: A dopaminergic mechanism of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59(4), 399–405. doi:10.1080/00207144.2011.594678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P., Bachner-Melman, R., Ebstein, R. P., & Crawford, H. J. (2004). Hypnotic susceptibility: multidimensional relationships with cloninger’s tridimensional personality questionnaire, COMT polymorphisms, absorption, and attentional characteristics. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 52(1), 47–72. doi:10.1076/iceh.52.1.47.23922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P., Bachner-Melman, R., Gritsenko, I., & Ebstein, R. P. (2000). Exploratory association study between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) high/low enzyme activity polymorphism and hypnotizability. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 96(6), 771–774. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20001204)96:6<771::AID-AJMG14>3.0.CO;2-T
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P., Even-Or, E., Bar, G., Levin, R., Brin, A., & Heresco-Levy, U. (2008). Reduced prepulse inhibition is associated with increased hypnotizability. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11(4), 04. doi:10.1017/S1461145707008231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., Huang, Y., Chen, L., & Yu, R. (2020). Lack of evidence for the effect of oxytocin on placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89(3), 185–187. doi:10.1159/000504967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoParo, D., & Waldman, I. D. (2015). The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(5), 640–646. doi:10.1038/mp.2014.77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotan, A., Bonne, O., & Abramowitz, E. G. (2015). Methylphenidate facilitates hypnotizability in adults with ADHD: A naturalistic cohort study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63(3), 294–308. doi:10.1080/00207144.2015.1031547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri, F. A., Egner, T., & Buckley, M. J. (2017). Monitoring demands for executive control: Shared functions between human and nonhuman primates. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(1), 15–27. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marc, B., Baudry, F., Vaquero, P., Zerrouki, L., Douceron, H., & Douceron, H. (2000). Sexual assault under benzodiazepine submission in a Paris suburb. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 263(4), 193–197. doi:10.1007/s004040050282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marona-Lewicka, D., Thisted, R. A., & Nichols, D. E. (2005). Distinct temporal phases in the behavioral pharmacology of LSD: Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated effects in the rat and implications for psychosis. Psychopharmacology, 180(3), 427–435. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2183-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, J.-R., & Pacherie, E. (2019). Alterations of agency in hypnosis: A new predictive coding model. Psychological Review, 126(1), 133–152. doi:10.1037/rev0000134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., Churchland, P. S., & Mendez, A. J. (2013). Problems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: Can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(8), 1485–1492. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middlefell, R. (1967). The effects of LSD on body sway suggestibility in a group of hospital patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 113(496), 277–280. doi:10.1192/bjp.113.496.277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S., & Ramirez, M. (1998, September 25). 3 sickened pacoima students ingested LSD. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-sep-25-me-26221-story.html
   Google Scholar
• Naughton, M., Mulrooney, J. B., & Leonard, B. E. (2000). A review of the role of serotonin receptors in psychiatric disorders. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 15(6), 397–415. doi:10.1002/1099-1077(200008)15:6<397::AID-HUP212>3.0.CO;2-L
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 101(2), 131–181. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt, D. J., & Cowen, P. J. (1987). Benzodiazepine-serotonin interactions in man. In S. G. Dahl, L. F. Gram, S. M. Paul, & W. Z. Potter (Eds.), Clinical pharmacology in psychiatry (pp. 72–76). Berlin, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71288-3_8
   Google Scholar
• Oakley, D. A. (2012). From Freud to neuroimaging: Hypnosis as a common thread. In D. Fotopoulou, D. Pfaff, & M. A. Conway (Eds.), From the couch to the lab. trends in psychodynamic neuroscience (pp. 356–372). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oakley, D. A., & Halligan, P. W. (2013). Hypnotic suggestion: Opportunities for cognitive neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(8), 565–576. doi:10.1038/nrn3538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley, D. A., Walsh, E., Lillelokken, A.-M., Halligan, P. W., Mehta, M. A., & Deeley, Q. (2020). United Kingdom norms for the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility, form A. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 68(1), 80–104. doi:10.1080/00207144.2020.1682257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley, D. A., Walsh, E., Mehta, M. A., Halligan, P. W., & Deeley, Q. (in press). Direct verbal suggestibility: Measurement and significance. Consciousness and Cognition. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson, J. A., Suissa-Rocheleau, L., Lifshitz, M., Raz, A., & Veissière, S. P. L. (2020). Tripping on nothing: Placebo psychedelics and contextual factors. Psychopharmacology, 237(5), 1371–1382. doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05464-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott, T., & Nieder, A. (2019). Dopamine and cognitive control in prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(3), 213–234. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott, U., Reuter, M., Hennig, J., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Evidence for a common biological basis of the absorption trait, hallucinogen effects, and positive symptoms: Epistasis between 5-HT2a and COMT polymorphisms. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 137B(1), 29–32. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parbrook, G. D. (1967). The Levels of Nitrous Oxide Analgesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 39(12), 974–982. doi:10.1093/bja/39.12.974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parris, B. A., Dienes, Z., Bate, S., & Gothard, S. (2014). Oxytocin impedes the effect of the word blindness post-hypnotic suggestion on Stroop task performance. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(7), 895–899. doi:10.1093/scan/nst063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, D. R., Hoffer, C., Jensen, M. P., Wiechman, S. A., & Sharar, S. R. (2018). Ketamine as a possible moderator of hypnotizability: A feasibility study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 66(3), 298–307. doi:10.1080/00207144.2018.1460559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polito, V., Stevenson, R. J., & Arnone, D. (2019). A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics. Plos One, 14(2), e0211023. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presciuttini, S., Gialluisi, A., Barbuti, S., Curcio, M., Scatena, F., Carli, G., & Santarcangelo, E. L. (2014). Hypnotizability and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphysms in Italians. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz, A. (2005). Attention and hypnosis: Neural substrates and genetic associations of two converging processes. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 53(3), 237–258. doi:10.1080/00207140590961295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz, A., Fossella, J. A., McGuiness, P., Zephrani, Z. R., & Posner, M. I. (2004). Neural correlates and exploratory genetic associations of attentional and hypnotic phenomena. The Official Journal of the Milton Erickson Society for Clinical Hypnosis, 2, 79–92.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy-Thootkur, M., Kraguljac, N. V., & Lahti, A. C. (2020). The role of glutamate and GABA in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders – A systematic review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Schizophrenia Research. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rominger, C., Weiss, E. M., Nagl, S., Niederstätter, H., Parson, W., & Papousek, I. (2014). Carriers of the COMT Met/Met allele have higher degrees of hypnotizability, provided that they have good attentional control: A case of gene–trait interaction. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 62(4), 455–482. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.931177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosebush, P. I., & Mazurek, M. F. (2011). Treatment of conversion disorder in the 21st century: Have we moved beyond the couch? Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 13(3), 255–266. doi:10.1007/s11940-011-0124-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santarcangelo, E. L., & Scattina, E. (2019). Responding to sensorimotor suggestions: From endothelial nitric oxide to the functional equivalence between imagery and perception. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 67(4), 394–407. doi:10.1080/00207144.2019.1649539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Abu-Akel, A. (2016). The Social Salience Hypothesis of Oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 194–202. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg, B. M., & Hollister, L. E. (1965). The effects of psychotomimetic drugs on primary suggestibility. Psychopharmacologia, 8(4), 251–262. doi:10.1007/BF00407857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sklar, G. S., Zukin, S. R., & Reilly, T. A. (1981). Adverse reactions to ketamine Anaesthesia: Abolition by a psychological technique. Anaesthesia, 36(2), 183–187. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08721.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, M. A., & Gao, W.-J. (2020). NMDA receptor hypofunction for schizophrenia revisited: Perspectives from epigenetic mechanisms. Schizophrenia Research, 217, 60–70. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel, D., & King, R. (1992). Hypnotizability and CSF HVA levels among psychiatric patients. Biological Psychiatry, 31(1), 95–98. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90009-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spina, V., Chisari, C., & Santarcangelo, E. L. (2020). High motor cortex excitability in highly hypnotizable individuals: A favourable factor for neuroplasticity? Neuroscience, 430, 125–130. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternbach, R. A. (1982). On strategies for identifying neurochemical correlates of hypnotic analgesia: A brief communication. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 30(3), 251–256. doi:10.1080/00207148208407262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storozheva, Z. I., Kirenskaya, A. V., Gordeev, M. N., Kovaleva, M. E., & Novototsky-Vlasov, V. Y. (2018). COMT genotype and sensory and sensorimotor gating in high and low hypnotizable subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 66(1), 83–105. doi:10.1080/00207144.2018.1396120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studerus, E., Gamma, A., Kometer, M., Vollenweider, F. X., & Mazza, M. (2012). Prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers. PLoS ONE, 7(2), e30800. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swerdlow, N. R., Braff, D. L., & Geyer, M. A. (2016). Sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: What we said 25 years ago, what has happened since then, and what comes next. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(11), 1072–1081. doi:10.1177/0269881116661075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szekely, A., Kovacs-Nagy, R., Bányai, É. I., Gősi-Greguss, A. C., Varga, K., Halmai, Z., … Sasvari-Szekely, M. (2010). Association between hypnotizability and the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) Polymorphism. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 58(3), 301–315. doi:10.1080/00207141003760827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277. doi:10.1037/h0036681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terhune, D. B. (2014). Defining hypnosis: The pitfalls of prioritizing spontaneous experience over response to suggestion. Journal of Mind-Body Regulation, 2, 116–117.
   Google Scholar
• Terhune, D. B., & Cardeña, E. (2016). Nuances and uncertainties regarding hypnotic inductions: Toward a theoretically informed praxis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 59(2), 155–174. doi:10.1080/00029157.2016.1201454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terhune, D. B., Cleeremans, A., Raz, A., & Lynn, S. J. (2017). Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 81, 59–74. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terhune, D. B., Murray, E., Near, J., Stagg, C. J., Cowey, A., & Cohen Kadosh, R. (2015). Phosphene perception relates to visual cortex glutamate levels and covaries with atypical visuospatial awareness. Cerebral Cortex, 25(11), 4341–4350. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terhune, D. B., & Oakley, D. A. (2020). Hypnosis and imagination. In A. Abraham (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of imagination (pp. 711–727). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van Nuys, D. W. (1972). Drug use and hypnotic susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 20(1), 31–37. doi:10.1080/00207147208409273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varga, K., & Kekecs, Z. (2014). Oxytocin and cortisol in the hypnotic interaction. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 62(1), 111–128. doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.841494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veening, J. G., & Olivier, B. (2013). Intranasal administration of oxytocin: Behavioral and clinical effects, a review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(8), 1445–1465. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., … Franceschi, D. (2001). Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(2), RC121–RC121. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wager, T. D., & Atlas, L. Y. (2015). The neuroscience of placebo effects: Connecting context, learning and health. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(7), 403–418. doi:10.1038/nrn3976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalley, M. G., & Brooks, G. B. (2009). Enhancement of suggestibility and imaginative ability with nitrous oxide. Psychopharmacology, 203(4), 745–752. doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1424-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieder, L., Brown, R., Thompson, T., & Terhune, D. B. (2021). Suggestibility in functional neurological disorder: a meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 92, 150–157. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieder, L., & Terhune, D. B. (2019). Trauma and anxious attachment influence the relationship between suggestibility and dissociation: A moderated-moderation analysis. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 24(3), 191–207. doi:10.1080/13546805.2019.1606705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woody, E. Z., & Szechtman, H. (2011). Using hypnosis to develop and test models of psychopathology. The Journal of Mind-Body Regulation, 1(1), 13.
   Google Scholar
• Yanakieva, S., Polychroni, N., Family, N., Williams, L. T. J., Luke, D. P., & Terhune, D. B. (2019). The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology, 236(4), 1159–1170. doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5119-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, G., Pittman, B., Limoncelli, D., Krystal, J. H., & Petrakis, I. L. (2016). Familial alcoholism risk and the ratio of stimulant to sedative effects of ketamine. Biological Psychiatry, 79(9), e69–e70. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelinka, V., Cojan, Y., & Desseilles, M. (2014). Hypnosis, attachment, and oxytocin: An integrative perspective. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 62(1), 29–49. doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.841473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar