Application of Phytochemical and Elemental Profiling, Chemometric Multivariate Analyses, and Biological Activities for Characterization and Discrimination of Fruits of Four Garcinia Species

References

• Ajayi, I. A., R. A. Oderinde, B. O. Ogunkoya, A. Egunyomi, and V. O. Taiwo. 2007. Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil. Food Chemistry 101(3):999–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akoro, S. M., O. O. Aiyelaagbe, P. A. Onocha, and J. B. Gloer. 2018. Gakolanone: A new benzophenone derivative from Garcinia kola Heckel stem-bark. Natural Product Research 1–9. published online). doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1528583.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 2016. Development and use of in-house reference materials: Guidelines for standard method performance requirements. 19th Edition of the AOAC International official methods of analysis. Appendix F, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Baliga, M. S., H. P. Bhat, R. J. Pai, R. Boloor, and P. L. Palatty. 2011. The chemistry and medicinal uses of the underutilized Indian fruit tree Garcinia indica Choisy (kokum): A review. Food Research International 44 :790–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gpan, N., and G. Krishnakumar. 2012. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of fruit rind and seeds of Garcinia species. Indian Journal of Science 1:61–3.
   Google Scholar
• Gutteridge, J. M. C., and B. Halliwell. 1993. Invited review free radicals in disease processes: A compilation of cause and consequence. Free Radical Research Communication 19(3):141–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habte, G., I. M. Hwang, J. S. Kim, J. H. Hong, Y. S. Hong, J. Y. Choi, E. Y. Nho, N. Jamila, N. Khan, and K. S. Kim. 2016. Elemental profiling and geographical differentiation of Ethiopian coffee samples through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Food Chemistry 212:512–20. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemshekhar, M., K. Sunitha, M. S. Santhosh, S. Devaraja, K. Kemparaju, B. S. Vishwanath, S. R. Niranjana, and K. S. Girish. 2011. An overview on genus Garcinia: Phytochemical and therapeutical aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews 10(3):325–51. doi: 10.1007/s11101-011-9207-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, I. M., E. W. Moon, H. W. Lee, N. Jamila, K. S. Kim, J. H. Ha, and S. H. Kim. 2019. Discrimination of chili powder origin using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma—Optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Analytical Letters 52(6):932–947. doi: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1508293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamila, N., K. Melati, C. S. Lai, O. Hasnah, K. C. Wong, M. Vikneswaran, and K. Y. Khaw. 2013. Antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase and antibacterial activities of the bark extracts of Garcinia hombroniana. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7:454–9.
   Google Scholar
• Jamila, N., M. Khairuddean, N. S. Yaacob, N. N. S. N. M. Kamal, H. Osman, S. N. Khan, and N. Khan. 2014. Cytotoxic benzophenone and triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana. Bioorganic Chemistry 54 :60–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamila, N., M. Khairuddean, K. K. Yeong, H. Osman, and V. Murugaiyah. 2015. Cholinesterase inhibitory triterpenoids from the bark of Garcinia hombroniana. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 30(1):133–9. doi: 10.3109/14756366.2014.895720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamila, N., J. Y. Choi, J. H. Hong, E. Y. Nho, N. Khan, C. H. Jo, H. S. Chun, and K. S. Kim. 2016. Identification and quantification of adulteration in Garcinia cambogia commercial products by chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A 33(12):1751–60. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1244733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamila, N., N. Khan, I. M. Hwang, J. Y. Choi, E. Y. Nho, S. N. Khan, A. Atlas, and K. S. Kim. 2019. Determination of macro, micro, trace essential, and toxic elements in Garcinia cambogia fruit and its anti-obesity commercial products. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture 99(5):2455–62. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives 2001. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Fifty-fifth Report of the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No 893. Available online at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_896.pdf? ua = 1 (Accessed on June 25, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives 2010. Summary and conclusions of 72nd meeting, Rome, Italy, 16–25 February 2010. Available online at: https://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiQgJXB1OvRAhWGhRoKHTGzBVsQFggXMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ffoodsafety%2Fchem%2Fsummary72_rev.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFLJvUDeK6RhKz Q6oC_Xe1PVuYoIQ&sig2=vHsPUr5M55_9D5KoxIX-7Q&bvm=bv.145822982,d.d2s&cad=rja (Accessed on June 25, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Luisi, G., A. Stefanucci, G. Zengin, M. Dimmito, and A. Mollica. 2018. Anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory in vitro activity of amino acids and small peptides: New hints for the multifaceted treatment of neurologic and metabolic disfunctions. Antioxidants 8(1):7–14. doi: 10.3390/antiox8010007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, N., J. Y. Choi, E. Y. Nho, N. Jamila, G. Habte, J. H. Hong, I. M. Hwang, and K. S. Kim. 2014. Determination of minor and trace elements in aromatic spices by micro-wave assisted digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry 158 :200–6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. S., I. M. Hwang, G. H. Lee, Y. M. Park, J. Y. Choi, N. Jamila, N. Khan, and K. S. Kim. 2017. Geographical origin authentication of pork using multi-element and multivariate data analyses. Meat Science 123 :13–20. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.08.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodziejczyk, J., M. Masullo, B. Olas, S. Piacente, and B. Wachowicz. 2009. Effects of garcinol and guttiferone K isolated from Garcinia cambogia on oxidative/nitrative modifications in blood platelets and plasma. Platelets 20(7):487–92. doi: 10.3109/09537100903165182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshy, A. S., L. Anila, and N. R. Vijayalakshmi. 2001. Flavonoids from Garcinia cambogia lower lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Chemistry 72(3):289–94. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00225-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahomoodally, M. F., G. Zengin, D. Zheleva-Dimitrova, A. Mollica, A. Stefanucci, K. I. Sinan, and M. Z. Aumeeruddy. 2019. Metabolomics profiling, bio-pharmaceutical properties of Hypericum lanuginosum extracts by in vitro and in silico approaches. Industrial Crops and Products 133 :373–82. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masullo, M.,. M. Menegazzi, S. Di Micco, P. Beffy, G. Bifulco, D. B. Martina, N. Michela, P. Cosimo, M. Pellegrino, and P. Sonia. 2014. Direct interaction of garcinol and related polyisoprenylated benzophenones of Garcinia cambogia fruits with the transcription factor STAT-1 as a likely mechanism of their inhibitory effect on cytokine signaling pathways. Journal of Natural Products 77(3):543–9. doi: 10.1021/np400804y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbaveng, A. T., G. W. Fotso, D. Ngnintedo, V. Kuete, B. T. Ngadjui, F. Keumedjio, K. Andrae-Marobela, and T. Efferth. 2018. Cytotoxicity of epunctanone and four other phytochemicals isolated from the medicinal plants Garcinia epunctata and Ptycholobium contortum towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine 48 :112–9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel, T., E. Destandau, L. Fougère, and C. Elfakir. 2012. New “hyphenated” CPC-HPLC-DAD-MS strategy for simultaneous isolation, analysis and identification of phytochemicals: Application to xanthones from Garcinia mangostana. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 404(10):2963–72. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6430-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica, A., A. Stefanucci, G. Macedonio, M. Locatelli, G. Luisi, E. Novellino, and G. Zengin. 2019. Chemical composition and biological activity of Capparis spinosa L. from Lipari Island. South African Journal of Botany 120 :135–40. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, C. A., P. Srinivas, and N. K. Rastogi. 2010. Characterisation of anthocyanins from Garcinia indica Choisy. Food Chemistry 118(3):719–24. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, C. A., N. K. Rastogi, and K. S. M. S. Raghavarao. 2010. Bioactive constituents present in Garcinia indica Choisy and its potential food applications: A review. International Journal of Food Properties 13(3):441–53. doi: 10.1080/10942910802626754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu, S. L., Z. L. Li, F. Ji, G. Y. Liu, N. Zhao, X. Q. Liu, Y. K. Jing, and H. M. Hua. 2012. Xanthones from the stem bark of Garcinia bracteata with growth inhibitory effects against HL-60 cells. Phytochemistry 77 :280–6. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parthsarathy, U., and O. P. Nandakishore. 2014. A study on nutrient and medicinal compositions of selected Indian Garcinia species. Current Bioactive Compounds 10(1):55–61. doi: 10.2174/157340721001140725001152.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, I. O., M. J. Marques, A. L. R. Pavan, B. S. Codonho, C. L. Barbiéri, L. A. Beijo, A. C. Doriguetto, E. C. D’Martin, and M. H. dos Santos. 2010. Leishmanicidal activity of benzophenones and extracts from Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. fruits. Phytomedicine 17(5):339–45. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu, H. W., J. K. Cho, M. J. Curtis-Long, H. J. Yuk, Y. S. Kim, S. Jung, Y. S. Kim, B. W. Lee, and K. H. Park. 2011. α-Glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of prenylated xanthones from Garcinia mangostana. Phytochemistry 72(17):2148–54. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semwal, R. B., D. K. Semwal, I. Vermaak, and A. Viljoen. 2015. A comprehensive scientific overview of Garcinia cambogia. Fitoterapia 102 :134–48. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, W. N., M. Khairuddean, K. C. Wong, K. Y. Khaw, and M. Vikneswaran. 2014. New cholinesterase inhibitors from Garcinia atroviridis. Fitoterapia 97 :261–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.06.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, W. N., M. Khairuddean, K. C. Wong, W. Y. Tong, and D. Ibrahim. 2016. Antioxidant compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia atroviridis. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 18(8):804–11. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1160071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, W.-N., J.-Q. Lim, F. Afiqah, N. N. S. Nik Mohamed Kamal, F. A. Abdul Aziz, W.-Y. Tong, C.-R. Leong, and J.-W. Lim. 2018. Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders. essential oils in combination with tamoxifen. Natural Product Research 32(7):854–8. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1361951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trampetti, F., C. Pereira, M. J. Rodrigues, O. Celaj, B. D’abrosca, G. Zengin, A. Mollica, A. Stefanucci, and L. Custódio. 2019. Exploring the halophyte Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout as a source of health promoting products: In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, metabolomic profile and computational studies. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 165:119–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, Z., R. Storms, and A. Tsang. 2006. A quantitative starch iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and gluco-amylase activities. Analytical Biochemistry 351(1):146–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.01.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zan, R. A., Â. Fernandes, S. Jedoz, T. Oludemi, R. C. Calhelha, T. C. S. Pires, M. J. Alves, R. C. C. Martins, L. Barros, and I. C. Ferreira. 2018. Bioactive properties and phytochemical assessment of Bacupari-anão (Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.) leaves native to Rondônia, Brazil. Food & Function 9(11):5621–8. doi: 10.1039/C8FO01474D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar