306
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Hydrology of Alaskan Wetlands, U.S.A.: A Review

&
Pages 209-229 | Published online: 07 May 2018

References Cited

  • Adamus, P. R. and Stockwell, L. T., 1983: A Method for Wetland Functional Assessment. Vols. I and II. Offices of Research, Development and Technology, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 175 pp. and 133 pp.
  • Adamus, P., 1986: Draft Work Plan: Mendenhall Valley Wetland Assessment Project. Calibration studies. Juneau, AK: City and Borough of Juneau Planning Department. 11 pp.
  • Anchorage Planning Department, 1982: Anchorage Wetlands Management Plan. Anchorage, AK: Municipality of Anchorage. 128 pp.
  • Anderson, G. S., 1970: Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Tanana basin, central Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-139.
  • Anderson, J. C., 1973: Mackenzie Basin water balance study. Report 73-3. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 19–31.
  • Anderson, J. C., 1974: Permafrost-hydrology studies at Boot Creek and Peter Lake watersheds, N.W.T. In: Permafrost Hydrology: Proceedings of a Workshop Seminar (1974). Ottawa: Canadian National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade, 39–44.
  • Anderson, J. C. and MacKay, D. K., 1973: Preliminary results from Boot Creek and Peter Lake watersheds, Mackenzie Delta Region, Northwest Territories. Report 73-3. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 39–70.
  • Anderson, J. C. and MacKay, D. K., 1974: Progress of hydrologic studies at Boot Creek and Peter Lake watersheds, N.W.T., during 1973. Report 74-12. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 203–223.
  • Arnborg, L., Walker, H. J., and Peippo, J., 1966: Water discharge of the Colville River, 1962. Geografiska Annaler, 48: 195–210.
  • Benson, C. S., 1982: Reassessment of winter precipitation on Alaska's Arctic Slope and measurements on the flux of wind blown snow. Fairbanks, AK: Geophysical Institute, UAG R-288. 26 pp.
  • Black, R. F., 1954: Precipitation at Barrow, Alaska, greater than recorded. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 35: 203–206.
  • Boelter, D. H., 1965: Hydraulic conductivity of peats. Soil Science, 100: 227–231.
  • Boelter, D. H., 1970: Important physical properties of peat materials. In: Proceedings of the Third International Peat Congress (Quebec, 1968), 150–154.
  • Boelter, D. H., 1972: The hydrological characteristics of undrained organic soils in the Lake states. Proceedings of the Organic Soils Symposium, Annual Meeting, Soil Science Society of America. (Miami Beach, Florida, Oct. 29-Nov. 3, 1972). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.
  • Braley, W. A., 1980: Estimates of evapotranspiration from Barley and Rapeseed in interior Alaska. M.S. thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks (as cited by Kane and Stein, 1983a).
  • Brandon, L. V., 1966: Evidences of ground water flow in permafrost regions. In: Permafrost: Proceedings of an International Conference, Lafayette, Indiana, Nov. 11–15, 1963. National Research Council Publication 1287. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 176–177.
  • Brook, G. A., 1983: Hydrology of the Nahanni, a highly karsted carbonate terrain with discontinuous permafrost. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 86–90.
  • Brown, J., Dingman, S. L., and Lewellen, R. I., 1968: Hydrology of a drainage basin on the Alaskan Coastal Plain. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Report, 240. 18 pp.
  • Brown, J., Everett, K. R., Webber, P. J., MacLean, Jr., S. F., and Murray, D. F., 1980: The coastal tundra at Barrow. In Brown, J. et al. (eds.), An Arctic Ecosystem: The Coastal Tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Storudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 1–29.
  • Carter, V., Bedinger, M. S., Novitzki, R. P., and Wilen, W. O., 1978: Water resources and wetlands. In Greeson, P. E. et al. (eds.), Wetland Functions and Values: The State of Our Understanding. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Wetlands (Lake Buena Vista, Florida, Nov. 7–10, 1978). Minneapolis, MN: American Water Resources Association, 344–376.
  • Cederstrom, D. J., 1961: Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 71: 1427–1432.
  • Cederstrom, D. J., 1963: Groundwater resources of the Fairbanks area, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1590. 84 pp.
  • Chaco, E. F. and Bredthauer, S., 1983: Runoff from a small subarctic watershed, Alaska. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, 17–23 July 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 115–120.
  • Church, M., 1974: Hydrology and permafrost with references to northern North America. In: Permafrost Hydrology: Proceedings of a Workshop Seminar (1974). Ottawa: Canadian National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade, 7–20.
  • Cook, F. A., 1960: Rainfall measurements at Resolute, N.W.T. Revue Canadienne Geographie, 14: 45–50.
  • Cowardin, L. M., Carter, V., Golet, F. C., and LaRoe, E. T., 1979: Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 103 pp.
  • Damman, A. W. H., 1979: Geographic patterns in peatland development in eastern North America. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Classification of Peat and Peatlands, (September, 1979), Hyytiälä, Finland. International Peat Society, 42–57.
  • Dean, K. G., 1984: Stream-icing zones in Alaska. Report of Investigations 84-16. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey. 15 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1966: Hydrologic studies of the Glenn Creek drainage basin. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report, 86. 30 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1971: Hydrology of the Glenn Creek watershed, Tanana River Basin, Central Alaska. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Report, 279. 110 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1973a: Effects of permafrost on streamflow characteristics in the discontinuous permafrost zone of central Alaska. In: Permafrost — North American Contribution to the Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–28, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 447–452.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1973b: The water balance in arctic and subarctic regions: Annotated bibliography and preliminary assessment. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report, 187. 131 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1975: Hydrologic effects of frozen ground: Literature synthesis and review. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report, 218. 55 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., 1987: Personal communication. Durham, N.H.: Earth Sciences Department, University of New Hampshire.
  • Dingman, S. L. and Koutz, F. R., 1974: Relations among vegetation, permafrost, and potential insolation in central Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 37–42.
  • Dingman, S. L., Samide, H. R., Saboe, D. L., Lynch, M. J., and Slaughter, C. W., 1971: Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Delta River and its drainage basin, Alaska. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Report, 262. 83 pp.
  • Dingman, S. L., Barry, R. G., Weller, G., Benson, C., LeDrew, E. F., and Goodwin, C. W., 1980: Climate, snow cover, microclimate, and hydrology. In Brown, J. et al. (eds.), An Arctic Ecosystem: The Coastal Tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 30–65.
  • Dowl Engineers, 1983: University of Alaska Mosquito Lake Wetlands Study. Final report on soils, hydrology, vegetation. Anchorage, AK: Dowl Engineers. 224 pp.
  • Drage, B., Gilman, J. F., Hoch, D., and Griffiths, L., 1983: Hydrology of North Slope coastal plain streams. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 249–254.
  • Drury, W. H., Jr., 1956: Bog flats and physiographic processes in the upper Kuskokwim River region, Alaska. Contribution from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 178. 127 pp.
  • Ellsworth, C. E. and Davenport, R. W., 1915: Surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 342. 343 pp.
  • Findlay, B. F., 1969: Precipitation in northern Quebec and Labrador: An evaluation of measurement techniques. Arctic, 22: 140–150.
  • French, H. M. and Egginton, P., 1973: Thermokarst development, Banks Island, western Canadian Arctic. In: Permafrost — North American Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–28, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 203–212.
  • Gieck, R. E., Jr., Kane, D. L., and Stein, J., 1983: A water balance for two subarctic watersheds. In Managing Water Resources for Alaska's Development. Fairbanks, AK: American Water Resources Association, Alaska Section, Annual Meeting, 5–1 to 5–59.
  • Glass, R. L., 1983: Hydrologic data for Point MacKenzie area, southcentral Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report, 83-143. 47 pp.
  • Glass, R. L., 1986a: Hydrologic conditions in the Klatt Bog area, Anchorage, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report, 85-4330. 19 pp.
  • Glass, R. L., 1986b: Hydrologic conditions in Connors Bog area, Anchorage, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report, 86-4044. 23 pp.
  • Gorham, E., 1956: The ionic composition of some bog and fen waters in the English Lake District. Journal of Ecology, 44: 142–152.
  • Gorham, E., Eisenreich, S. J., Ford, J., and Santelmann, M. V., 1985: The chemistry of bog waters. In Stumm, W. (ed.), Chemical Processes in Lakes. New York: Wiley, 339–362.
  • Gosselink, J. G. and Turner, R. G., 1978: The role of hydrology in freshwater wetland ecosystems. In Good, R. E. et al. (eds.), Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological Processes and Management Potential. New York: Academic Press, 63–78.
  • Gray, D. M. (ed.), 1978: Handbook on the Principles of Hydrology: With special emphasis directed to Canadian conditions in the discussions, applications, and presentation of data. Port Washington, N.Y.: Water Information Center, Inc. 644 pp.
  • Hare, F. K. and Hay, J. E., 1971: Anomalies in the large-scale annual water balance over northern North America. Canadian Geographer, 15: 79–94.
  • Harlan, R. L., 1974: Dynamics of water movement in permafrost: A review. In: Permafrost Hydrology: Proceedings of a Workshop Seminar (1974). Ottawa: Canadian National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade, 69–78.
  • Hartman, C. W. and Carlson, R. F., 1973: Water balance of a small lake in a permafrost region. Institute of Water Resources, University of Alaska Report, 42. 27 pp.
  • Hartman, C. W. and Johnson, P. R., 1978: Environmental Atlas of Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Water Resources, University of Alaska. 103 pp.
  • Haugen, R. K., Slaughter, C. W., Howe, K. E., and Dingman, S. L., 1982: Hydrology and climatology of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research watershed, Alaska. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report, 82-26. 34 pp.
  • Hopkins, D. M., Karlstrom, T. N. V., and others, 1955: Permafrost and groundwater in Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F: 113–146.
  • Humphrey, J. H., Newton, C. J., and Black, R. D., 1983: Influence of temperate glaciers on flood events in maritime Alaska. In: Managing Water Resources for Alaska's Development. Fairbanks, AK: American Water Resources Association, Alaska Section, Annual Meeting, 1–1 to 1–26.
  • Huntsinger, R., 1986: Personal communication. Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • Ingram, H. A. P., 1983: Hydrology. In Gore, A. J. P. (ed.), Mires: Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor. Ecosystems of the World Series, 4a. New York: Elsevier, 47–155.
  • Johnson, A. W., Viereck, L. A., Johnson, R. E., and Melchior, H., 1966: Vegetation and flora. In Wilimovsky, N. J. and Wolfe, J. N. (eds.), Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, 277–354.
  • Kane, D. L., 1980: Snowmelt infiltration into seasonally frozen soils. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 3: 153–161.
  • Kane, D. L., 1981: Physical mechanics of aufeis growth. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2: 186–195.
  • Kane, D. L., 1986: Personal communication. Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska.
  • Kane, D. L. and Slaughter, C. W., 1973: Recharge of a central Alaskan lake by subpermafrost groundwater. In: Permafrost — North American Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–18, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 458–462.
  • Kane, D. L. and Stein, J., 1983a: Field evidence of groundwater recharge in interior Alaska. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 572–577.
  • Kane, D. L. and Stein, J., 1983b: Water movement into seasonally frozen soils. Water Resources Research, 19: 1547–1557.
  • Kane, D. L., Fox, J. D., Seifert, R. D., and Taylor, G. S., 1978: Snowmelt infiltration and movement in frozen soils. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Permafrost, Edmonton, Alberta, July 10–13, 1973. Vol. 1. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada, 201–206.
  • Kane, D. L., Bredthauer, S. R., and Stein, J., 1981: Subarctic snowmelt runoff generation. In Vincent, T. S. (ed.), Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on the Northern Community: A Search for a Quality Environment, Seattle, April 8–10, 1981. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 591–601.
  • Kilday, G. D., 1974: Mean monthly and annual precipitation: Alaska. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS AR-10. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. 14 pp.
  • Klinger, L. F., Walker, D. A., and Webber, P. J., 1983: The effects of gravel roads on Alaskan arctic coastal plain tundra. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 628–633.
  • Lewkowicz, A. G. and French, H. M., 1982: The hydrology of small runoff plots in an area of continuous permafrost, Banks Island, N.W.T. In: Proceedings Fourth Canadian Permafrost Conference, Calgary, Alberta, March 2–6, 1981. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada, 151–162.
  • Likes, E. H., 1966: Surface water discharge of Ogotoruk Creek. In Wilimovsky, N. J. and Wolfe, J. N. (eds.), Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, 125–132.
  • Linell, K. A., 1973: Risk of uncontrolled flow from wells through permafrost. In: Permafrost — North American Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–28, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 462–468.
  • Luthin, J. N. and Guymon, G. L., 1974: Soil moisture-vegetation-temperature relationships in central Alaska. Journal of Hydrology, 23: 233–246.
  • MacKay, D. K., Fogarasi, S., and Spitzer, M., 1973: Documentation of an extreme summer storm in the Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T. Report 73-3. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 191–222.
  • Mackay, J. R., 1970: Disturbance to the tundra and forest tundra environments of the western Arctic. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 7: 420–432.
  • McCann, S. B. and Cogley, J. G., 1972: Hydrological observations on a small arctic catchment, Devon Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 9: 361–365.
  • Moore, P. D. and Bellamy, D. J., 1974: Peatlands. New York: Springer-Verlag. 221 pp.
  • Newbury, R. W., 1974: River hydrology in permafrost areas. In: Permafrost Hydrology: Proceedings of a Workship Seminar (1974). Ottawa: Canadian National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade, 31–38.
  • Newman, J. E. and Branton, C. I., 1972: Annual water balance and agricultural development in Alaska. Ecology, 53: 513–519.
  • Onesti, L. J. and Walti, S. A., 1983: Hydrologic characteristics of small arctic-alpine watersheds, central Brooks Range, Alaska. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 957–961.
  • Outhet, D. N., 1974: Progress report on bank erosion studies in the Mackenzie River Delta, N.W.T. Report 74-12. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 297–347.
  • Pamplin, W. L., 1979: Construction-related impacts of the trans-Alaska pipeline system on terrestrial wildlife habitats. Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Advisory Team Special Report No. 24. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Alaska Pipeline Office and the State of Alaska Pipeline Coordinator's Office. 132 pp.
  • Pamplin, W. L., 1986: Personal communication. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
  • Patric, J. H. and Black, P. E., 1968: Potential evapotranspiration and climate in Alaska by Thornthwaite's classification. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Research Paper PNW-71. 28 pp.
  • Piper, A. M., 1966: Potential effects of Project Chariot on local water supplies, northwestern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 539. 45 pp.
  • Roulet, N. T. and Woo, M.-K., 1986: Hydrology of a wetland in the continuous permafrost region. Journal of Hydrology, 89: 73–91.
  • Sanderson, M., 1950: Measuring potential evapotranspiration at Norman Wells. Geographical Review, 40: 636–645.
  • Sellars, C. D., 1973: Hydrologic processes in a sub-arctic upland watershed. Report 73-3. In: Hydrologic Aspects of Northern Pipeline Development: A Series of 16 Reports. Ottawa: Northern Pipeline Task Force on Northern Oil Development, Glaciology Division, Canada Water Resources Branch, Department of the Environment. Information Canada, 513–536.
  • Siegel, D. I., in press: A review of the recharge-discharge functions of wetlands. In Hook, D. D. et al. (eds.), Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Volume I. Beckenham, Kent, U.K.: Croom Helm Ltd. Publisher.
  • Slaughter, C. W., 1971: Caribou-Poker Creeks research watershed: Background and current status. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Special Report, 157. 13 pp.
  • Slaughter, C. W. and Kane, D. L., 1979: Hydrologic role of shallow organic soils in cold climates. In: Canadian Hydrology Symposium, Vancouver, B.C., 1979: Cold Climate Hydrology Proceedings. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada, NRCC no. 17834, 380–389.
  • Slaughter, C. W., Hilgert, J. W., and Culp, E. H., 1983: Summer streamflow and sediment yield from discontinuous-permafrost headwaters catchments. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 17–22, 1983, Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1172–1177.
  • Sokolov, B. L., 1978: Regime of naleds. In F. J. Sanger (ed.) (with assistance of P. J. Hyde), Permafrost— USSR Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–18, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 408–411.
  • Soulis, E. D. and Reid, D. E., 1978: Impact of interrupting subsurface flow in the northern boreal forest. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Permafrost, Edmonton, Alberta, July 10–13, 1978, Vol. 1. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada, 226–231.
  • Sturges, D. L., 1986: Precipitation measured by dual gages, Wyoming-shielded gages, and in a forest opening. In Kane, D. L. (ed.), Proceedings of the Symposium: Cold Regions Hydrology. Bethesda, Md.: American Water Resources Association, 387–396.
  • Tolstikhin, N. I., 1978: Groundwater of the permafrost region of the USSR. In Sanger, F. J. (ed.) (with assistance of P. J. Hyde), Permafrost— USSR Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–18, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 724–733.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, 1981, 1982: Water Resources Data for Alaskan Water Data Reports AK/77, AK/81, and AK/82. Anchorage, Alaska.
  • Verry, E. S. and Boelter, D. H., 1978: Peatland hydrology. In Greeson, P. E. et al. (eds.), Wetland Functions and Values: The State of our Understanding: Proceedings of the National Symposium on Wetlands, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, Nov. 7–10, 1978. Minneapolis, Minn.: American Water Resources Association, 389–402.
  • Viessman, W., Jr., Knapp, J. W., Lewis, G. L., and Harbaugh, T. E., 1977: Introduction to Hydrology. New York: IEP, A Dun-Donnelley Publisher. 704 pp.
  • Waller, R. M., 1966: Groundwater hydrology. In Wilimovsky, N. J. and Wolfe, J. N. (eds.), Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, 115–124.
  • Walmsley, M. E., 1977: Physical and chemical properties of peat. In Radforth, R. W. and Brawner, C. O. (eds.), Muskeg and Northern Environment in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 82–129.
  • Wendler, G., Ishikawa, N., and Streten, N., 1974: The climate of the McCall Glacier, Brooks Range, Alaska, in relation to its geographical setting. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 307–318.
  • Williams, J. R., 1965: Groundwater in permafrost regions — an annotated bibliography. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1792. 294 pp.
  • Williams, J. R., 1970: Groundwater in the permafrost regions of Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 696. 83 pp.
  • Williams, J. R. and van Everdingen, R. O., 1973: Groundwater investigations in permafrost regions of North America: A review. In: Permafrost — North American Contribution to Second International Conference on Permafrost, Yakutsk, Siberia, July 13–18, 1973. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 435–446.
  • Williams, J. R. and Waller, R. M., 1966: Groundwater occurrence in permafrost regions of Alaska. In: Permafrost: Proceedings of an International Conference, Lafayette, Indiana, Nov. 11–15, 1963. National Research Council Publication 1287. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council, 159–164.
  • Winter, T. C., 1981: Uncertainties in estimating the water balance of lakes. Water Resources Bulletin, 17: 82–115.
  • Woo, M. K., Heron, R., Marsh, P., and Steer, P., 1983: Comparisons of weather station snowfall with snow accumulation in High Arctic basins. Atmosphere-Ocean, 21: 312–325.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.