References
- Adams, J. (1765). V. “A dissertation on the canon and the feudal law,” No. 3. Massachusetts Historical Society; Adams Papers Digital Edition. http://www.masshist.org/publications/adams-papers/index.php/view/ADMS-06-01-02-0052-0006
- Agamben, G. (1995). The idea of study. In M. Sullivan & S. Whitsitt, Trans., Idea of prose (pp. 63–65). SUNY Press.
- Akram, W., Adeel, S., Tabassum, M., Jiang, Y., Chandio, A., & Yasmin, I. (2020). Scenario analysis and proposed plan for Pakistan Universities – COVID – 19: Application of design thinking model. Cambridge Open Engage (Working Paper). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2020-ql1w6
- Al-Azawi, R., Al-Faliti, F., & Al-Blushi, M. (2016). Educational gamification vs. game-based learning: Comparative study. International Journal of Innovation, Management, and Technology, 7 (4), 131–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18178/ijimt.2016.7.4.659
- Alhazzani, N. (2020). MOOC’s impact on higher education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2 (1), 100030. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100030
- Almutairi, F., & White, S. (2018). How to measure student engagement in the context of blended-MOOC. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 15 (3), 262–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-07-2018-0046
- Anderson, J. (2010). Games and the development of students’ civic engagement and ecological stewardship. In J. Bishop (Ed.), Gamification for Human Factors Integration: Social, Education, and Psychological Issues (pp. 199–215). Information Science Reference.
- Annabi, C. A., & Wilkins, S. (2016). The use of MOOCs in transnational higher education for accreditation of prior learning, programme delivery, and professional development. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(6), 959–975. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-05-2015-0057
- Assié-Lumumba, N. D. T. (2017). The Ubuntu paradigm and comparative and international education: epistemological challenges and opportunities in our field. Comparative Education Review, 61(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/689922
- Bauwens, M., Niaros, V. (2017). The emergence of peer production: Challenges and opportunities for labour and unions [Policy Brief]. European Trade Union Institute. https://www.etui.org/publications/policy-briefs/european-economic-employment-and-social-policy/the-emergence-of-peer-production-challenges-and-opportunities-for-labour-and-unions
- Benkler, Y. (2005). Common wisdom: Peer production of educational materials, Harvard Center for open and sustainable learning. HLS Scholarly Articles. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37077901
- Benkler, Y. (2016). Peer production and cooperation. In J. M. Bauer & M. Latzer (Eds.), Handbook on the economics of the internet. Edward Elgar. https://ideas.repec.org/h/elg/eechap/14700_5.html
- Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press.
- Blum-Smith, S., Yurkofsky, M., & Brennan, K. (2021). Stepping back and stepping in: Facilitating learner-centered experiences in MOOCs. Computers & Education, 160, 104042. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104042
- Bordoloi, R. (2018). Transforming and empowering higher education through Open and Distance Learning in India. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 13 (1), 24–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-11-2017-0037
- Buddharaksa, W. (2016). Book Review: Holloway, J. 2016. In, Against, and Beyond Capitalism: The San Francisco Lectures. Oakland, CA: PM Press. MANUSYA, 19(2), 112–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01902007
- Cammaerts, B., & Mansell, R. (2020). Digital platform policy and regulation: Toward a radical democratic turn. International Journal of Communication, 14, 135–154. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/11182/2901
- Chairman’s Statement of the 23rd ASEAN-China Summit, Viet Nam, 12 November 2020. https://asean.org/storage/47-Final-Chairmans-Statement-of-the-23rd-ASEAN-China-Summit.pdf
- Chee, Y. S., Mehrotra, S., & Liu, Q. (2013). Effective game based citizenship education in the age of new media. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 11(1), 16–28. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1012864.pdf
- Chen, T., Peng, L., Jing, B., Wu, C., Yang, J., & Cong, G. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on user experience with online education platforms in China. Sustainability, 12(18), 7329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187329
- Cheng, Y. (2014). Qianxi “Feizhi daoxing jiaoxue [On “Non-directive Teaching”]. Kecheng Jiaoxue [Curriculum Teaching], 11(64), 153–154.
- Cherkaoui, M. (2020, March 22). The Shifting Geopolitics of Coronavirus and the Demise of Neoliberalism – (Part 2). Al Jazeera Center for Studies. http://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/shifting-geopolitics-coronavirus-and-demise-neoliberalism-%E2%80%93-part-2
- De Santos, B. (2016). Epistemologies of the South and the future. Postcolonial Italia, 1. http://europeansouth.postcolonialitalia.it/journal/2016-1/3.2016-1.Santos.pdf
- Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "gamification". In Paper Presented at the Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, Tampere, Finland. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/2181037.2181040
- Dewey, J. (1983). Education as Politics. In J. A. Boydston (Ed.), The middle works of John Dewey (Vol. 13, pp. 1921–1922). Southern Illinois University Press.
- Elliott, K. C., & Resnik, D. B. (2019). Making open science work for science and society. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(7), 075002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4808
- Fan, L. (2020). Hezuo tanjiu shi xuexi zai gaozhong yingyu yuedu jiaoxue zhong de yingyong yanjiu [The Application of Cooperative Inquiry Learning in Senior High School English Reading Teaching]. Jiben Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Research on Basic Education], 544(52), 76–77.
- Freitas, S. I. d., Morgan, J., & Gibson, D. (2015). Will MOOCs transform learning and teaching in higher education? Engagement and course retention in online learning provision. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12268
- Galvão, J. (2020). COVID-19: The deadly threat of misinformation. The Lancet Infectious Diseases), 21(5), e114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30721-0
- Giang, V. (2013, September 19). “Gamification” techniques increase your employees’ ability to learn by 40%. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/gamification-techniques-increase-your-employees-ability-to-learn-by-40-2013-9
- Graber, D. A., & Dunaway, J. (2018). Mass media and American politics. CQ Press.
- Guattari, F. (2000). The three ecologies (I. Pindar & P. Sutton, Trans.). Athlone Press.
- Hajdukiewicz, A., & Pera, B. (2020). Education for sustainable development—The case of massive open online courses. Sustainability, 12(20), 8542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208542
- Hannah, M. (2021). QAnon and the information dark age. First Monday, 26(2), https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i2.10868
- Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2009). Commonwealth. Harvard University Press.
- Higgs, P. (2010). Towards an indigenous African epistemology of community in education research. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2414–2421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.347
- Hitkul, J., Prabhu, A., Guhathakurta, D., Jain, J., Subramanian, M., Reddy, M., Sehgal, S., Karandikar, T., Gulati, A., Arora, U., Shah, R. R., Kumaraguru, P. (2021). Capitol (Pat)riots: A comparative study of Twitter and Parler. ArXiv:2101.06914 [Cs]. 111(17), 1–12. http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.06914
- Hodgkinson-Williams, C., & Gray, E. (2009). Degrees of openness: The emergence of open educational resources at the University of Cape Town. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 5(5), 101–116. http://learntechlib.org/p/42198/
- Huang, W. H., & Soman, W. (2013, December 10). A practitioner’s guide to gamification of education. University of Toronto. https://inside.rotman.utoronto.ca/behaviouraleconomicsinaction/files/2013/09/GuideGamificationEducationDec2013.pdf
- Islam, M. F., Akter, T., & Knezevic, R. (2019). The role of MOOCs in achieving the sustainable development goal four. In Proceedings of the Western Balkans information and media literacy conference, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 2019 (pp. 20–21). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334112867_THE_ROLE_OF_MOOCs_IN_ACHIEVING_
- Jackson, L., & Peters, M. (Eds.). (2021). Marxism, Neoliberalism, and Intelligent Capitalism: An Educational Philosophy and Theory Economic and Neoliberal Studies Reader (Vol. XI). Routledge.
- Jacobs, G. M., & Renandya, W. A. (2019). Student centered cooperative learning: Linking concepts in education to promote student learning. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7213-1
- Jefferson, T. (1789). Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Richard Price. Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/60.html
- Kapp, K. M. (2012). The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. John Wiley & Sons.
- Lan, T. (2018). Leng Ran de "Qing-Zhi jiaoxue" yu Luo Jiesi de "Fei zhidao xing jiaoxue" de bijiao yanjiu. [A Comparative Study of Leng Ran’s “emotion-knowledge teaching” and Rodgers] “Non-directive teaching. Dalian Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Dalian Education University], 34(2), 28–32.
- Lazzarato, M. (1996). Immaterial labour. In P. Virno & M. Hardt (Eds.), Radical thought in Italy: A potential politics (pp. 133–147). University of Minnesota Press.
- Lee, C., Yang, T., Inchoco, G., Jones, G. M., & Satyanarayan, A. (2021). Viral visualizations: How coronavirus skeptics use orthodox data practices to promote unorthodox science online [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 2021 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445211
- Lee, J. J., & Haupt, J. P. (2021). Scientific collaboration on COVID-19 amidst geopolitical tensions between the US and China. The Journal of Higher Education, 92(2), 303–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2020.1827924
- Lenin, V. (1916). Lenin: Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism. https://Marxists.org. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/
- Letseka, M. (2013). Anchoring ubuntu morality. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(3), 351. http://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/483.
- Lévy, P. (2020). Toward an epistemological mutation in the humanities and social sciences. In M. A. Peters, T. Besley, P. Jandrić, & X. Zhu (Eds.), Knowledge socialism: The rise of peer production: Collegiality, collaboration, and collective intelligence (pp. 33–59). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8126-3
- Luke, T. (2020). Perversities or problems in the rise of peer production with Knowledge Socialism: Collegiality, collaboration, collective intelligence. In M. A. Peters, T. Besley, P. Jandrić, & X. Zhu (Eds.), Knowledge socialism: The rise of peer production: Collegiality, collaboration, and collective intelligence (pp. 61–80). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8126-3
- Lunacharsky, A. (1918). Self-Education of the workers by A. Lunacharsky 1918. https://Marxists.org. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lunachar/1918/self-education.htm
- Ma, S., Wang, Y., & Zhang, M. (2020). Hunhe shi jiaoxue moshi xia ketang jiaoxue gaige chutan– yi xiandai hanyu yuyin ke weili." [A preliminary study on the reform of class teaching under blended teaching: Taking the modern Chinese phonetic class as an example]. Hainan Guangbo Dianshi Daxue Xuebao. Journal of Hunan Radio & Television University, 81(4), 138–143.
- Marino, M. T., & Hayes, M. T. (2012). Promoting inclusive education, civic scientific literacy, and global citizenship with videogames. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 7(4), 945–954. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-012-9429-8
- Mbiti, J. (1969). African Religions and Philosophy. Heinemann.
- McGonigal, J. (2011). Reality is broken. Why games make us better and how they can change the world. Penguin.
- Menkiti, I. A. (2004). On the normative conception of a person. In K. Wiredu (Ed.), A Companion to Africa Philosophy (pp. 324–330). Blackwell Publishing.
- Milligan, C., & Littlejohn, A. (2014). Supporting professional learning in a massive open online course. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(5), 197–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i5.1855
- Ministy of Foreign Affairs (MFA). (2020). MFA’s news and China. http://www.mfa.go.th/main/th/news3/6886
- Mohamed, M. H., & Hammond, M. (2018). MOOCs: A differentiation by pedagogy, content and assessment. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35 (1), 2–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-07-2017-0062
- MOOC.org. (2020). About MOOCs. https://MOOC.org. https://www.mooc.org/
- Morford, Z. H., Witts, B. N., Killingsworth, K. J., & Alavosius, M. P. (2014). Gamification: The intersection between behavior analysis and game design technologies. The Behavior Analyst, 37(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-014-0006-1
- Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. (2020). Geopolitics of power and knowledge in the COVID-19 pandemic: Decolonial reflections on a global crisis. Journal of Developing Societies, 36(4), 366–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X20963252
- Neilson, D. (2020). The democratic socialisation of knowledge: Integral to an alternative to the neoliberal model of development. In M. A. Peters, T. Besley, P. Jandrić, & X. Zhu (Eds.), Knowledge Socialism: The Rise of Peer Production: Collegiality, Collaboration, and Collective Intelligence. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8126-3
- Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020). Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts, fears, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 61(3), 336–348. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13190
- Ong, D., & Jambulingam, M. (2016). Reducing employee learning and development costs: the use of massive open online courses (MOOC). Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 30 (5), 18–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-08-2015-0066
- Peters, M. (2018). Building knowledge cultures in the age of the digital reason. Research Features. https://researchfeatures.com/building-knowledge-cultures-in-the-age-of-the-digital-reason/
- Peters, M. A. (2020). An educational theory of innovation: What constitutes the educational good?Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(10), 1016–1022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1699992
- Peters, M. A. (2020). Digital socialism or knowledge capitalism?Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1593033
- Peters, M. A. (2021). Knowledge socialism: The rise of peer production - collegiality, collaboration, and collective intelligence. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1654375
- Peters, M. A., & Besley, T. (2006). Building knowledge cultures: Education and development in the age of knowledge capitalism. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Peters, M. A., Besley, T., & Arndt, S. (2019). Experimenting with academic subjectivity: Collective writing, peer production and collective intelligence. Open Review of Educational Research, 6(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2018.1557072
- Peters, M. A., Besley, T., Jandrić, P., & Xudong, Z. (2020). Introduction. In M. A. Peters, T. Besley, P. Jandrić, & X. Zhu (Eds.), Knowledge socialism (pp. 1–11). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8126-3_1
- Peters, M. A., Rider, S., Hyvönen, M., & Besley, T. (Eds.). (2018). Post-truth, fake news: Viral modernity & higher education. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8013-5
- Peters, M.A, & Jackson, L. (Eds.). (2021). From radical Marxism to knowledge socialism: An educational philosophy and theory economic and neoliberal studies reader (Vol. XI). Routledge.
- Petersen, A. H. (2019). How Millennials became the burnous Ggneration. AMASS: Society for Popular Democracy, 23(4), 16–21. link.gale.com/apps/doc/A592557454/AONE?u=anon∼51b323cf&sid=googleScholar&xid=307829a1
- Purkayastha, N., & Sinha, M. K. (2021). Unstoppable study with MOOCs during COVID-19 pandemic: A study. Library Philosophy and Practice, 4791. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4791
- Ramose, M. B. (2002). The philosophy of ubuntu as a philosophy. In P. H. Coetzee & A. P. J. Roux (Eds.), Philosophy from Africa: A text with readings. Oxford University Press.
- Ranjan, P. (2021). The case for waiving intellectual property protection for COVID-19 vaccines. Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ORF_IssueBrief_456_TripsWaiver.pdf
- Ren, Y. (2020). Fanzhuan ketang beijing xia shuxue xiaozu hezuo xuexi celue tanjiu. [Research on Cooperative Learning Strategy of Mathematics Group under the Background of Flipped Classroom] Chengzhang Zhilu [Growth Road], 31(659), 82–83.
- Richter, G., Raban, D. R., & Rafaeli, S. (2015). Studying gamification: The effect of rewards and incentives on motivation. In T. Reiners, & L. C. Wood (Eds.), Gamification in education and business (pp. 21–46). Springer.
- Rigby, C. S. (2014). Gamification and motivation. In S. P. Walz, & S. Detering (Eds.), The gameful world. Approaches, issues, applications (pp. 113–137). The MIT Press.
- Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to learn for the 80’s. Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.
- Sanchez-Gordon, S., & Luján-Mora, S. (2014). MOOCs gone wild. In Proceedings of the 8th International Technology. Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain (pp. 1449–1458). http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41441
- Shah, D. (2020). By the Numbers: MOOCs in 2020. Available at https://www.classcentral.com/report/mooc-stats-2020/
- Snyder, T. (2021, January 9). The American abyss. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/magazine/trump-coup.html
- Srdjan, T., Radica, P., & Olivera, P. (2016). Massive open online courses (MOOC) and its possibilities as instrument of formal, nonformal, informal and lifelong learning. In D. Cvetkovic (Ed.), Virtual learning. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/65930
- Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.
- Tambini, D. (2017). Fake news: Public policy responses (Media Policy Brief 20; p. 28). The London School of Economics and Political Science Department of Media and Communications. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80787497.pdf
- Tanabe, J. (2020). Exploring a Post-COVID-19 sustainable peace model. Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy, Special Issue, 31. http://ses-journal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Article-4_Tanabe_SESJuly2020.pdf
- Topol, E. [@EricTopol]. (2020, April 9). The #COVID19 pandemic could be a turning point, restoring faith in science and bringing people together [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/erictopol/status/1248236673982271493?lang=en
- Unger, R. M. (2020). The knowledge economy: A critique of the dominant view. American Affairs, 5(3), 29. https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2020/08/the-knowledge-economy-a-critique-of-the-dominant-view/
- Vanolo, A. (2018). Cities and the politics of gamification. Cities, 74, 320–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.12.021
- Virno, P. (1996). Virtuosity and revolution: The political theory of exodus. In P. Virno & M. Hardt (Eds.), Radical thought in Italy: A potential politics (pp. 189–212). University of Minnesota Press.
- Virno, P. (2004). A grammar of the multitude: For an analysis of contemporary forms of life (I. Bertoletti, J. Cascaito, & A. Casson, Trans.). Semiotext(e).
- Xu, B., Kraemer, M. U. G., Xu, B., Gutierrez, B., Mekaru, S., Sewalk, K., Loskill, A., Wang, L., Cohn, E., Hill, S., Zarebski, A., Li, S., Wu, C.-H., Hulland, E., Morgan, J., Scarpino, S., Brownstein, J., Pybus, O., Pigott, D., & Kraemer, M. (2020). Open access epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 534. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30119-5
- Yuan, L., Powell, S. (2013). MOOCs and open education: Implications for higher education. A White Paper. JISC CETIS. Retrieved from https://www.oerknowledgecloud.org/archive/MOOCs-and-Open-Education.pdf
- Zhu, Y. (2020). Anli jiaoxue fa yu hezuo xuexi zai jingji jiaoxue zhong de jiehe yingyong [The Combination of Case Teaching Method and Cooperative Learning in Economics Teaching]. Jiaoyu Xiandai Hua [Education Modernization,], 29(4), 193–196.
- Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Public Affairs.