457
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Educational inequality and the paradox of dis/Ability rights in a schooled society: moving towards an intersectional discursive, material, and emotive approach*

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 181-198 | Received 20 Jan 2022, Accepted 13 Feb 2023, Published online: 15 Mar 2023

References

  • Ahmed, S. (2013). The cultural politics of emotion. Routledge.
  • Ahram, R., Kramarczuk Voulgarides, C., & Cruz, R. A. (2021). Understanding disability: High-quality evidence in research on special education disproportionality. Review of Research in Education, 45(1), 311–345. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X20985069
  • Annamma, S. A., Boelé, A. L., Moore, B. A., & Klingner, J. (2013a). Challenging the ideology of normal in schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(12), 1278–1294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2013.802379
  • Annamma, S. A., Connor, D., & Ferri, B. (2013b). Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability. Race Ethnicity and Education, 16(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2012.730511
  • Annamma, S. A., Jackson, D. D., & Morrison, D. (2017). Conceptualizing color-evasiveness: Using dis/ability critical race theory to expand a color-blind racial ideology in education and society. Race Ethnicity and Education, 20(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2016.1248837
  • Artiles, A. J. (2011). Toward an interdisciplinary understanding of educational equity and difference: The case of the racialization of ability. Educational Researcher, 40(9), 431–445. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11429391
  • Artiles, A. J. (2013). Untangling the racialization of disabilities: An intersectionality critique across disability models. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 10(2), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X13000271
  • Artiles, A. J. (2019). Fourteenth annual Brown lecture in education research: Reenvisioning equity research: Disability identification disparities as a case in point. Educational Researcher, 48(6), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X19871949
  • Artiles, A. J., & Bal, A. (2008). The next generation of disproportionality research: Toward a comparative model in the study of equity in ability differences. The Journal of Special Education, 42(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466907313603
  • Artiles, A. J., Dorn, S., & Bal, A. (2016). Objects of protection, enduring nodes of difference: Disability intersections with “other” differences, 1916 to 2016. Review of Research in Education, 40(1), 777–820. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16680606
  • Baglieri, S., & Lalvani, P. (2019). Undoing ableism: Teaching about disability in K-12 classrooms. Routledge.
  • Baker, D. (2014). The schooled society: The educational transformation of global culture. Stanford University Press.
  • Bamberg, M. (2004). Considering counter narratives. In M. Bamberg, & M. Andrews (Eds.), Considering counter-narratives: Narrating, resisting, making sense (pp. 351–372) John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Bastart, J., Rohmer, O., & Popa-Roch, M. A. (2021). Legitimating discrimination against students with disability in school: The role of justifications of discriminatory behavior. International Review of Social Psychology, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.357
  • Bell, D. (2018). Faces at the bottom of the well: The permanence of racism. Hachette UK.
  • Beratan, G. D. (2006). Institutionalizing inequity: Ableism, racism, and IDEA 2004. Disability Studies Quarterly, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v26i2.682
  • Berhanu, G. (2008). Ethnic minority pupils in Swedish schools: Some trends in over-representation of minority pupils in special educational programmes. International Journal of Special Education, 23(3), 17–29.
  • Blanchett, W. J. (2006). Disproportionate representation of African American students in special education: Acknowledging the role of white privilege and racism. Educational Researcher, 35(6), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X035006024
  • Bogart, K. R., & Dunn, D. S. (2019). Ableism special issue introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 75(3), 650–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12354
  • Bray, L. E., & Russell, J. L. (2016). Going off script: Structure and agency in individualized education program meetings. American Journal of Education, 122(3), 367–398. https://doi.org/10.1086/685845
  • Brown v. Board of Education. (1954). 347 U.S. 483.
  • Carbado, D. W., & Gulati, M. (2013). The intersectional fifth black woman. Du Bois Review, 10(2), 527–540. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X13000301
  • Cashman, L. (2017). New label no progress: Institutional racism and the persistent segregation of Romani students in the Czech republic. Race Ethnicity and Education, 20(5), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2016.1191698
  • Cavendish, W., Artiles, A. J., & Harry, B. (2014). Tracking inequality 60 years after brown: Does policy legitimize the racialization of disability? Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners, 14(2), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.5555/2158-396X.14.2.30
  • Connor, D. J. (2008). Urban narratives: Portraits in progress, life at the intersections of learning disability, race, & social class (Vol. 5). Peter Lang.
  • Cooc, N., & Kiru, E. W. (2018). Disproportionality in special education: A synthesis of international research and trends. The Journal of Special Education, 52(3), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466918772300
  • Cooper, P., Upton, G., & Smith, C. (1991). Ethnic minority and gender distribution among staff and pupils in facilities for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties in England and Wales. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 12(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569910120105
  • Crenshaw, K. W. (2017). On intersectionality: Essential writings. The New Press.
  • Degener, T. (2017). A new human rights model of disability. In P. Blanck & E. Flynn (Eds.), The United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (pp. 41–59). Springer.
  • Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2007). Critical race theory and criminal justice. Humanity & Society, 31(2-3), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760703100201
  • Dirth, T. P., & Adams, G. A. (2019). Decolonial theory and disability studies: On the modernity/coloniality of ability. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(1), 260–289. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.762
  • Dunn, L. M. (1968). Special education for the mildly retarded—Is much of it justifiable? Exceptional Children, 35(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/00144029680350
  • Edelman, L. B. (2016). Working law: Courts, corporations, and symbolic civil rights. University of Chicago Press.
  • Edelman, L. B., Krieger, L. H., Eliason, S. R., Albiston, C. R., & Mellema, V. (2011). When organizations rule: Judicial deference to institutionalized employment structures. American Journal of Sociology, 117(3), 888–954. https://doi.org/10.1086/661984
  • Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA). (1975). Pub. L. No. 94-142, U.S.C. §1400 et seq.
  • Edwards, D. (1999). Emotion discourse. Culture & Psychology, 5(3), 271--291.
  • Erevelles, N. (2011). Disability and difference in global contexts: Enabling a transformative body politic. Springer.
  • Erevelles, N., & Minear, A. (2010). Unspeakable offenses: Untangling race and disability in discourses of intersectionality. Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies, 4(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2010.11
  • Etscheidt, S. (2013). “Truly disabled?”: An analysis of LD eligibility issues under the individuals with disabilities education Act. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 24(3), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207312453323
  • Fischer, F. (2003). Reframing public policy: Discursive politics and deliberative practice. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/019924264X.001.0001
  • Frederick, A., & Shifrer, D. (2019). Race and disability: From analogy to intersectionality. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 5(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649218783480
  • Freiberg, A., & Carson, W. G. (2010). The limits to evidence-based policy: Evidence, emotion and criminal justice. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 69(2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2010.00674.x
  • Gildersleeve, R. E., & Hernandez, S. (2012). Producing (im)possible peoples: Policy discourse analysis, instate resident tuition and undocumented students in American higher education. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 14(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v14i2.517
  • Goldfeld, S., O’Connor, M., Sayers, M., Moore, T., & Oberklaid, F. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of special health care needs in a population cohort of Australian children at school entry. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(4), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31824a7b8e
  • Harris, C. I. (1993). Whiteness as property. Harvard Law Review, 106(8), 1707–1791. https://doi.org/10.2307/1341787
  • Harry, B., & Klingner, J. (2014). Why are so many minority students in special education? Teachers College Press.
  • Harry, B., & Ocasio-Stoutenburg, L. (2020). Meeting families where they are: Building equity through advocacy with diverse schools and communities. Teacher College Press.
  • Hernández-Saca, D., & Cannon, M. A. (2019). Interrogating disability epistemologies: Towards collective dis/ability intersectional emotional, affective and spiritual autoethnographies for healing. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 32(3), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2019.1576944
  • Hernández-Saca, D. I. (2017). Reframing the master narratives of dis/ability at my intersections: An outline of an educational equity research agenda. Critical Disability Discourses/Discours Critiques Dans le Champ du Handicap, 8, 1–30. https://cdd.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cdd/article/view/39723
  • Hernández-Saca, D., Pearson, H., & Voulgarides, C. K. (2022). Understanding the boundary between disability studies and special education through consilience, self-study, and radical love. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Hoffman-Kipp, P., Artiles, A. J., & López-Torres, L. (2003). Beyond reflection: Teacher learning as praxis. Theory Into Practice, 42(3), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4203_12
  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (1990). 20 U.S.C §1401 et seq.
  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). (2004). 20 U.S.C. §1401 et seq.
  • Iqtadar, S., Hernandez-Saca, D. I., & Ellison, S. (2020). If it wasn't my race, it was other things like being a woman, or my disability": A qualitative research synthesis of disability research. Disability Studies Quarterly, 40(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v40i2.6881
  • Kasler, J., & Jabareen, Y. T. (2017). Triple jeopardy: Special education for Palestinians in Israel. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21(12), 1261–1275. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1335353
  • Katrell, S. & Hernández-Saca, D.I. (Forthcoming, 2025). Ableism/Ableist Supremacy: The impact of Intersectional Disablism. In T. Gonzalez, & A. Tefera (Guest Eds), M. Winn & T. Winn (Eds), Encyclopedia of Social Justice (ESJ). Bloomsbury Publishers.
  • Kattari, S. K. (2015). Examining ableism in higher education through social dominance theory and social learning theory. Innovative Higher Education, 40(5), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-015-9320-0
  • Kearl, B. (2019). Special education as neoliberal property: The racecraft, biopolitics, and immunization of disability. Educational Studies, 55(4), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2019.1630126
  • Keefe, E. S. (2022). From detractive to democratic: The duty of teacher education to disrupt structural ableism and reimagine disability. Teachers College Record, 124(3), 115–147.
  • Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. One World.
  • Lawrence, C. R. (1987). The id, the ego, and equal protection: Reckoning with unconscious racism. Stanford Law Review, 39(2), 317–388. https://doi.org/10.2307/1228797
  • Lawson, A., & Priestley, M. (2016). The social model of disability: Questions for law and legal scholarship? In P. Blanck & E. Flynn (Eds.), Routledge handbook of disability law and human rights (pp. 3–15). Routledge.
  • Levinson, B. A. U., Sutton, M., & Winstead, T. (2009). Education policy as a practice of power: Theoretical tools, ethnographic methods, democratic options. Educational Policy, 23(6), 767–795. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904808320676
  • Lewis, T. (2021). Re: Working definition of ableism. https://www.talilalewis.com/blog/january-2021-working-definition-of-ableism.
  • Lewis, T. A. (2022, January 1). Working definition of ableism-January 2022 update. Talila A. Lewis. https://www.talilalewis.com/blog/working-definition-of-ableism-january-2022-update.
  • Liasidou, A. (2008a). Critical discourse analysis and inclusive educational policymaking: The power to exclude. Journal of Education Policy, 13(5), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930802148933
  • Liasidou, A. (2008b). Politics of inclusive education policy-making: The case of Cyprus. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(3), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110600996921
  • Liasidou, A. (2016). Disabling discourses and human rights law: A case study based on the implementation of the UN convention on the rights of people with disabilities. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37(1), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.936928
  • Linton, S. (1998). Claiming disability: Knowledge and identity. NYU Press.
  • Marsico, R. D. (2021). The intersection of race, wealth, and special education: The role of structural inequities in the IDEA. New York Law School Law Review, 66, 207–244.
  • Mehan, H. (2000). Beneath the skin and between the ears: A case study in the politics of representation. In B. A. Levinson, K. M. Borman, M. Eisenhart, A. E. Fox, M. Foster, & M. Sutton (Eds.), Schooling the symbolic animal: Social and cultural dimensions of education (pp. 259–279). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Meyer, J., & Ramirez, F. (2000). Education: The world institutionalization of education. In G. Krücken, & G. S. Drori (Eds.), 2009 world society: The writings of John W. Meyer (pp. 206–221). Oxford University Press.
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363. https://doi.org/10.1086/226550
  • Minow, M. (2010). Brown's wake: Legacies of America's educational landmark. Oxford University Press.
  • Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 500. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000203
  • Nario-Redmond, M. R. (2020). Ableism: The causes and consequences of disability prejudice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Nielsen, K. E. (2012). A disability history of the United States (Vol. 2). Beacon Press.
  • Noguera, P. A. (2006). Latino youth: Immigration, education, and the future. Latino Studies, 4(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.lst.8600199
  • Nussbaum, M. (2006). Frontiers of justice. Disability, nationality, species membership. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Ocasio-Stoutenburg, L. (2021). Becoming, belonging, and the fear of everything black: Autoethnography of a minority-mother-scholar-advocate and the movement toward justice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 24(5), 607–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2021.1918401
  • Ong-Dean, C. (2009). Distinguishing disability: Parents, privilege, and special education. University of Chicago Press.
  • Pettinicchio, D. (2019). Politics of empowerment disability rights and the cycle of American policy reform. Stanford University Press.
  • Phuong, J. (2017). Disability and language ideologies in education policy. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 32(1), 47–66.
  • Pinto, P. C. (2011). Between the lines: A critical discourse analysis of disability policy in Portugal. Disability Studies Quarterly, 31(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v31i3.1678
  • Richardson, J. G., & Powell, J. J. (2020). Comparing special education. Stanford University Press.
  • Robeyns, I. (2017). Wellbeing, freedom and social justice: The capability approach re-examined. Open Book Publishers.
  • Rogers, R., Schaenen, I., Schott, C., O’Brien, K., Trigos-Carrillo, L., Starkey, K., & Chasteen, C. C. (2016). Critical discourse analysis in education: A review of the literature, 2004 to 2012. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 1192–1226. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316628993
  • Ryndak, D. L., Taub, S., Jorgensen, C. M., Gonsier-Gerdin, J., Arndt, K., Sauer, J., Ruppar, A. L., Morningstar, M. E., & Allcock, H. (2014). Policy and the impact on placement, involvement, and progress in general education: Critical issues that require rectification. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 39(1), 65–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796914533942
  • Saatcioglu, A., & Skrtic, T. M. (2019). Categorization by organizations: Manipulation of disability categories in a racially desegregated school district. American Journal of Sociology, 125(1), 184–260. https://doi.org/10.1086/703957
  • Sabatello, M. (2013). A short history of the international disability rights movement. In M. Sabatello, & M. Schulze (Eds.), Human rights and disability advocacy (pp. 13–24). University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Sanmiquel-Molinero, L., & Pujol-Tarrés, J. (2020). Putting emotions to work: The role of affective disablism and ableism in the constitution of the dis/abled subject. Disability & Society, 35(4), 542–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2019.1650719
  • Sauer, J. S., & Jorgensen, C. M. (2016). Still caught in the continuum: A critical analysis of least restrictive environment and its effect on placement of students with intellectual disability. Inclusion, 4(2), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-4.2.56
  • Sen, A. K. (1980). Equality of what? In S. M. McMurrin (Ed.), Tanner lectures in human values, Vol.1. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sen, A. K. (1999). Development as freedom. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
  • Skiba, R. J., Simmons, A. B., Ritter, S., Gibb, A. C., Rausch, M. K., Cuadrado, J., & Chung, C. G. (2008). Achieving equity in special education: History, status, and current challenges. Exceptional Children, 74(3), 264–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290807400301
  • Snider, L. A., Talapatra, D., Miller, G., & Zhang, D. (2020). Expanding best practices in assessment for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Contemporary School Psychology, 24(4), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-020-00294-w
  • Stiker, H. J. (2019). A history of disability. University of Michigan Press.
  • Strassfeld, N. M. (2019). Education federalism and minority disproportionate representation monitoring: Examining IDEA provisions, regulations, and judicial trends. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 30(3), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207319835185
  • Suchman, M. C., & Edelman, L. B. (1996). Legal rational myths: The new institutionalism and the law and society tradition. Law & Social Inquiry, 21(4), 903–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1996.tb00100.x
  • Sullivan, A. L., Artiles, A. J., & Hernandez-Saca, D. I. (2015). Addressing special education inequity through systemic change: Contributions of ecologically based organizational consultation. Journal of Educational & Psychological Consultation, 25(2/3), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2014.929969
  • Sullivan, A. L., & Bal, A. (2013). Disproportionality in special education: Effects of individual and school variables on disability risk. Exceptional Children, 79(4), 475–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291307900406
  • Tarvainen, M. (2019). Ableism and the life stories of people with disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 21(1), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjdr.632
  • Tefera, A. A., & Fischman, G. E. (2020). How and why context matters in the study of racial disproportionality in special education: Toward a critical disability education policy approach. Equity & Excellence in Education, 53(4), 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2020.1791284
  • Thorius, K. A. (2019). Facilitating en/counters with special education’s cloak of benevolence in professional learning to eliminate racial disproportionality in special education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 32(3), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2019.1576945
  • Tilly, C. (1998). Durable inequality. University of California Press.
  • Timberlake, M. (2020). Recognizing ableism in educational initiatives: Reading between the lines. Research in Educational Policy and Management, 2(1), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.46303/repam.02.01.5
  • Tomlinson, S. (2016). Special education and minority ethnic young people in England: Continuing issues. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37(4), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2015.1073013
  • Tomlinson, S. (2018). Special education and minority ethnic young people in England: Continuing issues. In S. Riddell (Ed.), Special education and globalisation (pp. 25–40). Routledge.
  • United Nations. (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Treaty Series, 2515, 3.
  • Van Leeuwen, T. (2018). Moral evaluation in critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 15(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2018.1427120
  • Voulgarides, C., Etscheidt, S., & Hernández-Saca, D. (2022). Racial and dis/ability equity-oriented educational leadership preparation. Journal of Special Education Preparation, 2(3), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.33043/JOSEP.2.3.20-30
  • Voulgarides, C. K. (2023). Negotiating rights in education: An examination of U.S. education disability policy. In S. Robinson & K. R. Fisher (Eds.), Research handbook on disability policy. Edward Elgar.
  • Voulgarides, C. K. (2018). Does compliance matter in special education?: IDEA and the hidden inequities of practice. Teachers College Press.
  • Voulgarides, C. K., Aylward, A., Tefera, A., Artiles, A. J., Alvarado, S. L., & Noguera, P. (2021). Unpacking the logic of compliance in special education: Contextual influences on discipline racial disparities in suburban schools. Sociology of Education, 94(3), 208–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407211013322
  • Waitoller, F. R., & Artiles, A. J. (2013). A decade of professional development research for inclusive education: A critical review and notes for a research program. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 319–356. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483905
  • Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391875
  • Welch, D. D. (1997). Ruling with the heart: Emotion-based public policy. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law, 6, 55.
  • Wetherell, M. (2012). Affect and emotion: A new social science understanding. SAGE.
  • Winzer, M., & Mazurek, K. (2014). The convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: Notes on genealogy and prospects. Journal of International Special Needs Education, 17(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.9782/2159-4341-17.1.3
  • Young, M. D. (1999). Multifocal educational policy research: Toward a method for enhancing traditional educational policy studies. American Educational Research Journal, 36(4), 677–714. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312036004677

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.