The formation of a school subject and the nature of curriculum content: an analysis of liberal studies in Hong Kong

References

• Anyon , J. 1981 . Social class and school knowledge . Curriculum Inquiry , 11 (1) : 3 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apple , M. W. 1979 . Ideology and Curriculum , London and Boston : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Ball , D. L. , Lubienski , S. T. and Mewborn , D. S. 2001 . “ Research on teaching mathematics: the unsolved problem of teachers’ mathematical knowledge ” . In Handbook of Research on Teaching , Edited by: Richardson , V. 433 – 456 . Washington, DC : American Educational Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Ben‐Peretz , M. 1990 . The Teacher‐Curriculum Encounter: Freeing Teachers from the Tyranny of Texts , Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , B. 1971 . “ On the classification and framing of educational knowledge ” . In Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education , Edited by: Young , M. F. D. 47 – 69 . London : Collier‐Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. and Passeron , J.‐C. 1977 . Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture , 2nd edn. , Edited by: Nice , R. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bybee , R. W. 1998 . “ National standards, deliberation, and design: the dynamics of developing meaning in science curriculum ” . In Problems of Meaning in Science Curriculum , Edited by: Roberts , D. A. and Östman , L. 150 – 165 . New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council (CDC) . 2000 . Syllabuses for the Secondary Schools: Liberal Studies (Advanced Supplementary Level) , Hong Kong : Curriculum Development Council .
   Google Scholar
• Curriculum Development Council and Hong Kong Examination and Assessment Authority (CDC/HKEAA) . 2007 . Liberal Studies: Curriculum and Assessment Guide (Secondary 4–6) , Hong Kong : Education Bureau . Available online at: http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_5999/ls_final_e_070508.pdf accessed 15 January 2009
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Z. 2007a . Knowing the subject matter of a secondary school science subject . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 39 (5) : 503 – 535 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng , Z. 2007b . Transforming the subject matter: examining the intellectual roots of pedagogical content knowledge . Curriculum Inquiry , 37 (3) : 279 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng , Z. 2008 . “ School subjects and academic disciplines: the differences ” . In Development of Principles to Guide a P‐12 Syllabus Framework , Edited by: Luke , A. , Weir , K. , Woods , A. and Moroney , M. 90 – 100 . Brisbane : Queensland Studies Authority . Available online at: http://www.qsa.edu.au/downloads/publications/qsa-p-12_principles_dev_ppr- accessed 17 February 2009
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Z. in press . “ Curriculum planning and systems change ” . In International Encyclopedia of Education , 3rd edn , Edited by: McGaw , B. , Baker , E. and Peterson , P. Oxford : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Z. and Luke , A. 2008 . “ Subject Matter: Defining And Theorizing School Subjects ” . In The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction , Edited by: Connelly , F. M. , He , M. F. and Phillion , J. 66 – 87 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , W. 1992a . “ Curriculum and pedagogy ” . In Handbook of Research on Curriculum , Edited by: Jackson , P. W. 486 – 516 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , W. 1992b . “ Constructing curriculum in the classroom ” . In Effective and Responsible Teaching: The New Syntheses , Edited by: Oser , F. K. , Dick , A. and Patry , J. L. 66 – 79 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , W. . Competence as a blurred category in curriculum theory . Paper presented at conference, ‘Research on vocational education and training for international comparison and as international comparison’, Georg‐August‐Universität . Göttingen, Germany. Department of Teaching and Teacher Education, University of Arizona, USA .
   Google Scholar
• Education and Manpower Bureau (EMB) . 2004 . Reforming the Academic Structure for Senior Secondary Education and Higher Education: Actions for Investing in the Future , Hong Kong : Education and Manpower Bureau . Available online at: http://www.sagc.edu.hk/~pta_parent/ASReforming334/english/main.pdf accessed 15 January 2009
   Google Scholar
• Education Commission (EC) . 2000 . Learning for Life, Learning through Life: Reform Proposals for the Educational System in Hong Kong , Hong Kong : Education Commission . Available online at: http://www.e-c.edu.hk/eng/reform/annex/Edu-reform-eng.pdf accessed 15 January 2009
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhart , M. , Finkel , E. and Marion , S. F. 1996 . Creating the conditions for scientific literacy: a re‐examination . American Educational Research Journal , 33 (2) : 261 – 295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodlad , J. I. and associates . 1979 . Curriculum Inquiry: The Study of Curriculum Practice , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Goodson , I. F. 1988 . The Making of Curriculum: Collected Essays , London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Goodson , I. F. and Marsh , C. J. 1996 . Studying School Subjects: A Guide , London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Goodson , I. F. , Anstead , C. J. and Mangan , J. M. 1998 . Subject Knowledge: Readings for the Study of School Subjects , London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Grossman , P. L. , Wilson , S. M. and Shulman , L. S. 1989 . “ Teachers of substance: subject matter knowledge for teaching ” . In Knowledge Base for the Beginning Teacher , Edited by: Reynolds , M. C. 23 – 36 . New York : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Gudmundsdottir , S. , Reinertsen , A. and Nordt⊘mme , N. P. 2000 . “ Klafki’s didaktik analysis as a conceptual framework for research on teaching ” . In Teaching as A Reflective Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition , Edited by: Westbury , I. , Hopmann , S. and Riquarts , K. 319 – 334 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Hammer , D. and Elby , A. 2003 . Tapping Epistemological Resources For Learning Physics . The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 12 (1) : 53 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopmann , S. T. 1999 . The curriculum as a standard in public education . Studies in Philosophy and Education , 18 : 89 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , M. M. 1998 . Educational reform and subject matter knowledge . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 35 (3) : 249 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klafki , W. 2000 . “ Didaktik analysis as the core of preparation ” . In Teaching as A Reflective Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition , Edited by: Westbury , I. , Hopmann , S. and Riquarts , K. 139 – 159 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Krüger , R. A. 2008 . The significance of the concepts ‘elemental’ and ‘fundamental’ in didactic theory and practice . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 40 (2) : 215 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luk , B. H. K. 1991 . Chinese culture in the Hong Kong curriculum, heritage and colonialism . Comparative Education Review , 34 (4) : 650 – 658 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke , A. , Weir , K. , Woods , A. and Moroney , M. , eds. 2008 . Development of a Set of Principles to Guide a P–12 Syllabus Framework , Brisbane : Queensland Studies Authority . Available online at: http://www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/publications/qsa_p-12_principles_dev_ppr.pdf accessed 4 August 2008
   Google Scholar
• McEneaney , E. H. and Meyer , J. W. 2000 . “ The content of the curriculum: an institutionalist perspective ” . In Handbook of the Sociology of Education , Edited by: Hallinan , M. T. 189 – 211 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. 1996 . The Hong Kong School Curriculum: Development, Issues and Politics , 2nd edn , Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , P. 1997 . School knowledge, the state and the market: an analysis of the Hong Kong secondary school curriculum . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 29 (3) : 329 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , P. and Chan , K. K. 1997a . The Hong Kong school curriculum and the political transition: politicization, contextualization and symbolic action . Comparative Education , 33 (2) : 247 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , P. and Chan , K. K. 1997b . Cross‐curricular themes and curriculum reform in Hong Kong: policy as discourse . British Journal of Educational Studies , 45 (3) : 248 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 1996 . National Science Education Standards: Observe, Interact, Change, Learn , Washington, DC : National Academies Press . Available online at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4962 accessed 12 January 2009
   Google Scholar
• Null , J. W. 2003 . Education and knowledge, not ‘standards and accountability’: a critique of reform rhetoric through the ideas of Dewey, Bagley, and Schwab . Educational Studies , 34 (4) : 397 – 423 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , J. 1982 . The reproduction of inequality: the content of secondary school tracking . Urban Review , 14 (2) : 107 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , J. 1986 . Keeping track, part 1: the policy and practice of curriculum inequality . Phi Delta Kappan , 68 : 12 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popkewitz , T. S. , ed. 1987 . The Formation of School Subjects: The Struggle for Creating an American Institution , London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , D. 2007 . “ Scientific literacy/science literacy ” . In Handbook of Research on Science Education , Edited by: Abell , S. K. and Lederman , N. G. 729 – 780 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , W.‐M. and Barton , A. C. 2004 . Rethinking Scientific Literacy , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Schwab , J. J. 1964 . “ The structure of the disciplines: meaning and significance ” . In The Structure of Knowledge and the Curriculum , Edited by: Ford , G. W. and Pugno , L. 1 – 30 . Chicago : Rand McNally .
   Google Scholar
• Shulman , L. S. 1986 . Those who understand: knowledge growth in teaching . Educational Researcher , 15 (2) : 4 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Shulman , L. S. 1987 . Knowledge and teaching: foundations of the new reform . Harvard Educational Review , 57 (1) : 1 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stengel , B. S. 1997 . ‘Academic discipline’ and ‘school subject’: contestable curricular concepts . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 29 (5) : 585 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeting , A. 2004 . Education in Hong Kong, 1941 to 2001: Visions and Revisions , Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Westbury , I. . ‘Invention’ of curricular: notes to open a theme for discussion . Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Educational Research Association . New Orleans, IL, Urbana. University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Department of Curriculum & Instruction .
   Google Scholar
• Westbury , I. 2000 . “ Teaching as a reflective practice: what might didaktik teach curriculum ” . In Teaching as a Reflective Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition , Edited by: Westbury , I. , Hopmann , S. and Riquarts , K. 15 – 39 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , S. M. and Berne , J. 1999 . “ Teacher learning and the acquisition of professional knowledge: an examination of research on contemporary professional development ” . In Review of Research in Education , Edited by: Iran‐Nejad , A. and Pearson , P. D. Vol. 24 , 173 – 209 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , S. M. , Shulman , L. S. and Richert , A. E. 1987 . “ ‘150 different ways’ of knowing: representations of knowledge in teaching ” . In Exploring Teachers’ Thinking , Edited by: Calderhead , J. 104 – 124 . London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Young , M. F. D. , ed. 1971 . Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education , London : Collier‐Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Young , M. F. D. 2008 . “ From constructivism to realism in the sociology of the curriculum ” . In Review of Research in Education , Edited by: Kelly , G. J. , Luke , A. and Green , J. Vol. 32 , 1 – 28 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar