Using displaced river terraces to determine Late Quaternary slip rate for the central Wairarapa Fault at Waiohine River, New Zealand

References

• Avouac , J . 1993 . Analysis of Scarp Profiles: Evaluation of Errors in Morphologic Dating . Journal of Geophysical Research , 98 ( B4 ) : 6745 – 6754 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes PM 2005 . The southern end of the Wairarapa Fault, and surrounding structures in Cook Strait . In : Townend J, Langridge RM, Jones A (comps) The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium: 150 years of thinking about magnitude 8+ earthquakes and seismic hazard in New Zealand: 8–10 September 2005: proceedings volume . Wellington, NZ : Greater Wellington Regional Council , p. 66 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , PM and Audru , J-C . 1999 . Quaternary faulting in the offshore Flaxbourne and Wairarapa Basins, southern Cook Strait, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 42 : 349 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , PM and Mercier , de Lepinay B . 1997 . Rates and mechanics of rapid frontal accretion along the very obliquely convergent southern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 ( B11 ) : 24,931 – 24,952 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , PM , Mercier de Lepinay , B , Collot , J-Y , Delteil , J and Audru , J-C . 1998 . Strain partitioning in the transition area between oblique subduction and continental collision, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand . Tectonics , 17 : 534 – 557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beanland S 1995 . The North Island dextral fault belt, Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand . Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand: 341 p.
   Google Scholar
• Beanland , S and Haines , J . 1998 . A kinematic model of active deformation in the North Island, New Zealand, determined from geological strain rates . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 41 : 311 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begg JG , Johnston MR 2000 . Geology of the Wellington Area, New Zealand . Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd. 1:250,000 Geological Map 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Berryman , K . 1990 . Late Quaternary movement on the Wellington Fault in the Upper Hutt area, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 33 : 257 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronk Ramsey C 2005 . OxCal v.3.10 . http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/calibration.html .
   Google Scholar
• Carne RC 2009 . Rates and Styles of Late Quaternary Deformation on the Wairarapa Fault, North Island, New Zealand . Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. URL: http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1104 .
   Google Scholar
• Cowgill , E . 2007 . Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike–slip faulting: Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault, NW China . Earth & Planetary Science Letters , 254 : 239 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darby , DJ and Beavan , J . 2001 . Evidence from GPS measurements for contemporary interplate coupling on the Southern Hikurangi subduction thrust and for partitioning of strain into the upper plate . Journal of Geophysical Research , 106 ( B12 ) : 30881 – 30891 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMets , C , Gordon , RG , Argus , DF and Stein , S . 1990 . Current plate motions . Geophysical Journal International , 101 : 425 – 478 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMets , C , Gordon , RG , Argus , DF and Stein , S . 1994 . Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions . Geophysical Research Letters , 21 : 2191 – 2194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duller , GAT . 1994 . Luminescence dating of poorly bleached sediments from Scotland . Quaternary Science Reviews , 13 : 521 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Duller , GAT , Wintle , AG and Hall , AM . 1995 . Luminescence dating and its application to key pre–late Devensian sites in Scotland . Quarternay Science Reviews , 14 : 495 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Formento-Trigilio , ML , Burbank , DW , Nicol , A , Shulmeister , J and Rieser , U . 2003 . River response to an active fold-and-thrust belt in a convergent margin setting, North Island, New Zealand . Geomorphology , 49 : 125 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grapes , RH . 1991 . Aggradation surfaces and implications for displacement rates along the Wairarapa Fault, southern North Island, New Zealand . Catena , 18 : 453 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grapes , RH . 1999 . Geomorphology of faulting: the Wairarapa Fault, New Zealand . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie , 115 : 191 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Grapes , RH and Wellman , HW . 1988 . The Wairarapa Fault. Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand . Geology Board of Studies , 4 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Harkins N , Kirby E 2008 . Fluvial terrace riser degradation and determination of slip rates on strike-slip faults: An example from the Kunlun fault, China . Geophysical Research Letters , 35 , L05406 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2007GL033073 .
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , SR and Woodward , DJ . 1978 . Gravity models of the Wairarapa region, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 21 ( 5 ) : 539 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey , KM , Cashman , SM , Beanland , S and Berryman , KR . 1995 . Structural evolution along the inner forearc of the obliquely convergent Hikurangi margin, New Zealand . Tectonics , 14 : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langridge RM , Van Dissen RJ , Cochran UA , Litchfield NJ , Berryman KR , Begg JG , Villamor P , Heron D , Nicol A , Townsend D 2005 . Active Faulting and paleoearthquakes in the Wairarapa and Wellington regions . p. 49 – 65 . In: Townend J, Langridge RM, Jones A (comps) The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium: 150 years of thinking about magnitude 8+ earthquakes and seismic hazard in New Zealand: 8–10 September 2005: proceedings volume . [Wellington, NZ]: Greater Wellington Regional Council .
   Google Scholar
• Lensen , GJ . 1964 . The general case of progressive fault displacement of flights of degradational terraces . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 7 : 864 – 870 .
   Google Scholar
• Lensen , GJ and Vella , P . 1971 . The Waiohine River Faulted Terrace Sequence in Recent Crustal Movements . Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin , 9 : 117 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Little , TA , Grapes , R and Berger , GW . 1998 . Late Quaternary strike slip on the eastern part of the Awatere fault, South Island . New Zealand: Geological Society of America Bulletin , 110 ( 2 ) : 127 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Little , TA , Van Dissen , R , Schermer , E and Carne , R . 2009 . Late Holocene surface ruptures on the southern Wairarapa Fault, New Zealand: Link between oblique-reverse earthquakes and the raising of beach ridges on a rocky coast . Lithosphere , 1 ( 1 ) : 4 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , DPM , Little , TA and Van Dissen , RJ . 2006 . Rates of active faulting during late Quaternary fluvial terrace formation at Saxton River, Awatere Fault, New Zealand . Geological Society of America Bulletin , 118 ( 11/12 ) : 1431 – 1446 .
   Google Scholar
• McCormac , FG , Hogg , AG , Blackwell , PG , Buck , CE , Higham , TFG and Reimer , PJ . 2004 . SHCaIO4 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-11.0 cal Kyr BP . Radiocarbon , 46 : 1087 – 1092 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meriaux A-S , Ryerson FJ , Tapponnier P , Van der Woerd J , Finkel RC , Xiwei X , Zhiqin X , Caffee MW 2004 . Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh Fault: Morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh . Journal of Geophysical Research 109 , B06401 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2003JB002558 .
   Google Scholar
• Meriaux A-S , Tapponnier P , Ryerson FJ , Xiwei X , King G , Van der Woerd J , Finkel RC , Haibing L , Caffee MW , Zhiqin X , Wenbin C 2005 . The Aksay segment of the northern Altyn Tagh Fault: tectonic geomorphology, landscape evolution, and Holocene slip rate . Journal of Geophysical Research 110 , B04404 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2004JB003210 .
   Google Scholar
• Mouslopoulou , V , Nicol , A , Little , TA and Walsh , JJ . 2007 . Displacement transfer between intersecting regional strike-slip and extension fault systems . Journal of Structural Geology , 29 : 100 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicol A , Mazengarb C , Chanier F , Rait G , Uruski C , Wallace L 2007 . Tectonic evolution of the active Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand, since the Oligocene . Tectonics , 2 , TC4002 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2006TC002090 .
   Google Scholar
• Reyners , M . 1998 . Plate coupling and the hazard of large subduction thrust earthquakes at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 41 : 343 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades D , Van Dissen R , Little T , Litchfield N Carne R Villamor P , manuscript in preparation . Conditional probability of rupture of the Wairarapa and Ohariu faults, New Zealand. To be submitted to New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics .
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers DW , Little TA 2006 . World's largest co-seismic strike-slip offset: The 1855 rupture of the Wairarapa Fault, New Zealand, and implications for displacement/length scaling of continental earthquakes . Journal of Geophysical Research , 111 , B12408 , doi: doi:10.1029/2005JB004065 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowen CJ , Roberts AP 2008 . Widespread remagnetizations and a new view of Neogene tectonic rotations within the Australia–Pacific plate boundary zone, New Zealand . Journal of Geophysical Research , 113 , B03103 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004594 .
   Google Scholar
• Schermer , ER , Van Dissen , R , Berryman , KR , Kelsey , HM and Cashman , SM . 2004 . Active faults, paleoseismology, and historical fault rupture in northern Wairarapa, North Island . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 47 : 107 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Stuiver , M and Polach , HA . 1977 . Discussion: reporting of 14C data . Radiocarbon , 19 : 355 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suggate , RP . 1960 . The interpretation of progressive fault displacement of flights of terraces . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 3 : 364 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Van der Woerd , J , Tapponier , P , Ryerson , FJ , Meriaux , AS , Meyer , B , Gaudemer , Y , Finkel , RC , Caffee , MW , Zhao , G and Xu , Z . 2002 . Uniform postglacial slip-rate along the central 600 km of the Kunlun Fault (Tibet), from 26Al, 10Be, and 14C dating of riser offsets, and climatic origin of the regional morphology . Geophysical Journal International , 148 : 356 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dissen , RJ and Berryman , KR . 1996 . Surface rupture earthquakes over the last ∼100 years in the Wellington region, New Zealand, and implications for ground shaking hazard . Journal of Geophysical Research , 101 : 5999 – 6019 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dissen , RJ , Berryman , K , Pettinga , JR and Hill , NL . 1992 . Paleoseismicity of the Wellington–Hutt Valley Segment of the Wellington Fault, North Island, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 35 : 165 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dissen RJ , Little TA , Nicol A 2005 . Faults of Eastern Marlborough: Picton, Awatere and Kekerengu . p. 85 – 110 . In : Pettinga JR Wandres AM Field Trip Guides, Geological Society of New Zealand 50^th Annual Conference, Kaikoura, New Zealand. Geological Society of New Zealand Misc. Publ. 119B .
   Google Scholar
• Von Borstel , OI and Ingham , M . 2004 . Imaging the Wairarapa Fault at Tauwharenikau using magnetotelluric sounding . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics , 47 : 281 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace L , Beavan J , McCaffrey R , Darby D 2004 , Subduction zone coupling and tectonic block rotation in the North Island, New Zealand . Journal of Geophysical Research , 109 , B12406 , doi: doi: 10.1029/2004JB003241 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace LM , Reyners M , Cochran U , Banister S , Barnes P , Berryman K , Downes G , Eberhart-Phillips D , Nicol A , Mccaffrey R , Beavan J , Ellis S , Power W , Henrys S , Sutherland R , Litchfield N , Townend J , Robinson R , Barker DHN , Wilson K 2009 . Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate boundary subduction thrust: Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand . Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , 10 , Q10006 , doi: doi:10.1029/2009GC002610
   Google Scholar
• Wang , N and Grapes , R . 2008 . Infrared-stimulated luminescence dating of late Quaternary aggradation surfaces and their deformation along an active fault, southern North Island of New Zealand . Geomorphology , 96 ( 1–2 ) : 86 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang P-Z , Molnar P , Xu X 2007 . Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh Fault, northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau . Tectonics , v. 26 , TC5010 , doi: doi: 1029/2006TC002014 .
   Google Scholar