Deformation of the Top Basement Unconformity west of the Alpine Fault (South Island, New Zealand): seismotectonic implications

References

• Adams RD, Le Fort JH 1963. The Westport earthquakes, May 1962. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 6: 487–509. doi:10.1080/00288306.1963.10420062
   Google Scholar
• Allmendinger RW, Shaw JH 2000. Estimation of fault propagation distance from fold shape: implications for earthquake hazard assessment. Geology 28: 1099–1102. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28%3C1099:EOFPDF%3E2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Allmendinger RW, Zapata T, Manceda R, Dzelalijia F 2004. Trishear kinematic modeling of structures with examples from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. In: McClay KR ed. Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon systems American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 82: 356–371.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson H, Beanland S, Blick G, Darby D, Downes G, Haines J, et al. 1994. The 1968 May 23 Inangahua, New Zealand earthquake: an integrated geological, geodetic and seismological source model. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 37: 59–86. doi:10.1080/00288306.1994.9514601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson H, Webb T, Jackson J 1993. Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific-Australia plate motion. Geophysical Journal International 115: 1032–1054. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01508.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balfour NJ, Savage MK, Townend J 2005. Stress and crustal anisotropy in Marlborough, New Zealand: evidence for low fault strength and structure-controlled anisotropy. Geophysical Journal International 163: 1073–1086. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02783.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PM, Ghisetti F 2013. Offshore faulting and earthquake sources, West Coast, South Island. Stage 2. MBIE Envirolink West Coast Regional Council Advice: 1237-WCRC114. NIWA, Wellington, unpublished Report, 34 p.
   Google Scholar
• Beggs JM, Ghisetti FC, Tulloch AJ 2008. Basins and petroleum systems analysis of the West Coast region, South Island, New Zealand. PESA Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium III, September 2008, Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop DJ 1992. Middle Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonics and seismic interpretation of North Westland and Northwest Nelson, New Zealand. PhD thesis. Wellington, Victoria University.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop DJ, Buchanan PG 1995. Development of structurally inverted basins: a case study from the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. In: Buchanan JG, Buchanan PG ed. Basin inversion, Geological Society of London Special Publication 88: 549–585.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw JD 1989. Cretaceous geotectonic patterns in the New Zealand region. Tectonics 8: 803–820. doi:10.1029/TC008i004p00803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brune JN, Allen CR 1967. A low stress-drop, low-magnitude earthquake with surface faulting: the Imperial, California earthquake of March 4, 1966. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 57: 501–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bump AP 2003. Reactivation, trishear modeling, and folded basement in Laramide uplifts: implications for the origins of intra-continental faults. GSA Today, March 2003, 4–10. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2003)013%3C0004:RTMAFB%3E2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Campbell JK, Pettinga JR, Jongens R 2012. The tectonic and structural setting of the 4 September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake sequence, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 55: 155–168. doi:10.1080/00288306.2012.690768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crooks I, Carter RM 1976. Stratigraphy of Maruia and Matiri Formations in their type section (Trent Stream, Matiri River, Murchison). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 6: 459–487. doi:10.1080/03036758.1976.10421485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutten HNC, Korsch RJ, Roser BP 2006. Using geochemical fingerprinting to determine transpresive fault movement history: application to the New Zealand Alpine Fault. Tectonics 25: TC 4014. doi:10.1029/2005TC001842
   Google Scholar
• Doser DI, Webb T, Maunder DE 1999. Source parameters of large historical (1918–1962) earthquakes, South Island, New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International 139: 769–794. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00986.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart-Phillips D, Reyners M 1997. Continental subduction and three-dimensional crustal structure: the northern South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research 102: 11843–11861. doi:10.1029/96JB03555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erslev EA 1991. Trishear fault-propagation folding. Geology 19: 617–620. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019%3C0617:TFPF%3E2.3.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geophysical Surveys Incorporated 1981. Operations Report Marine Seismic Survey Karamea, NZ CK-81. PPL 38058. Petroleum Report PR884. http://www.nzpam.govt.nz (accessed 3 February 2014).
   Google Scholar
• Ghisetti FC, Sibson RH 2006. Accommodation of compressional inversion in north-western South Island (New Zealand): old faults versus new? Journal of Structural Geology 28: 1994–2010. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.06.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giba M, Walsh JJ, Nicol A 2012. Segmentation and growth of an obliquely reactivated normal fault. Journal of Structural Geology 39: 253–267. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2012.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giambiagi L, Ghiglione M, Cristallini E, Bottesi G 2009. Kinematic models of basement/cover interaction: insights from the Malargue fold and thrust belt, Mendoza, Argentina. Journal of Structural Geology 31: 1443–1457. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2009.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grobys JWG, Gohl K, Eagles G 2008. Quantitative tectonic reconstructions of Zealandia based on crustal thickness estimates. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9. doi:10.1029/2007GC001691
   Google Scholar
• Harrison AJ 1999. Multi-channel seismic and flexural analysis of the Westland sedimentary Basin, South Island, New Zealand. Master thesis. Wellington, Victoria University.
   Google Scholar
• Holt WE, Stern TA 1994. Sediment loading on the Western Platform of the New Zealand continent; implications for the strength of a continental margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 107: 523–538. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90098-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson J, McKenzie D, Priestley K, Emmerson B 2008. New views on the structure and rheology of the lithosphere. Journal of the Geological Society of London 165: 453–465. doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongens R 2006. Structure of the Buller and Takaka Terrane rocks adjacent to the Anatoki Fault, northwest Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 49: 443–461. doi:10.1080/00288306.2006.9515180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamp PJJ 1986. The mid-Cenozoic Chaleenger Rift System of western New Zealand and its implications for the age of Alpine fault inception. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97: 255–281. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97%3C255:TMCRSO%3E2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamp PJJ, Webster KS, Nathan S 1996. Thermal history analysis by integrated modeling of apatite fission track and vitrinite reflectance data: application to an inverted basin (Buller coalfield, New Zealand). Basin Research 8: 383–402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.00152.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King PR, Naish TR, Browne GH, Field BD, Edbrooke SW ( comp.) 1999. Cretaceous to recent sedimentary patterns in New Zealand. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences folio series 1, 35.
   Google Scholar
• Laird MG 1993 Cretaceous continental rifts: New Zealand region. In: Ballance PF ed. South Pacific sedimentary basins. Sedimentary Basins of the World 2. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science. Pp. 37–49.
   Google Scholar
• Laird MG, Bradshaw JD 2004. The break-up of a long-term relationship: the Cretaceous separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. Gondwana Research 7: 273–286. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70325-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamarche G, Collot J-Y, Wood RA, Sosson M, Sutherland R, Delteil J 1997. The Oligocene-Miocene plate boundary, south of New Zealand: evolution from oceanic spreading to strike-slip faulting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148: 129–139. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00026-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner B, Eberhart-Phillips D, Anderson H, Nabelek JL 2001. A focused look at the Alpine fault, New Zealand: seismicity, focal mechanisms, and stress observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: 2193–2220. doi:10.1029/2000JB900303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeMasurier WE, Landis CA 1996. Mantle-plume activity recorded by low-relief erosion surfaces in West Antarctica and New Zealand. Geological Society of America Bulletin 108: 1450–1466. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108%3C1450:MPARBL%3E2.3.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimer N 2004. New Zealand's geological foundations. Gondwana Research 7: 261–272. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70324-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narr W, Suppe J 1994. Kinematics of basement-involved compressive structures. American Journal of Science 294: 802–860. doi:10.2475/ajs.294.7.802
   Google Scholar
• Nathan S, Anderson HJ, Cook RA, Herzer RH, Hoskins RH, Raine JI, et al. 1986. Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary basins of the West Coast region, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Basin Studies 1, 89.
   Google Scholar
• Nathan S, Rattenbury MS, Suggate RP ( comp.) 2002. Geology of the Greymouth area. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 geological map 12. Lower Hutt, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, 1 sheet +58 p.
   Google Scholar
• Nazareth JJ, Hauksson E. 2004. The seismogenic thickness of the southern California crust. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94: 940–960. doi:10.1785/0120020129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parra M, Mora A, Jaramillo C, Strecker MR, Sobel ER, Quiroz L, et al. 2009. Orogenic wedge advance in the northern Andes: evidence from the Oligocene-Miocene sedimentary record of the Medina Basin, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121: 780–800. doi:10.1130/B26257.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pivnik DA, Johnson GD 1995. Depositional response to Pliocene-Pleistocene foreland partitioning in northwest Pakistan. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107: 895–922. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107%3C0895:DRTPPF%3E2.3.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Quigley M, Van Dissen R, Litchfield N, Villamor P, Duffy B, Barrell D, et al. 2012. Surface rupture during the 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake: implications for fault rupture dynamics and seismic-hazard analysis. Geology 40: 55–58. doi:10.1130/G32528.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rattenbury MS, Cooper RA, Johnston MR ( comp.) 1998. Geology of the Nelson area. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 geological map 9. Lower Hutt, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, 1 sheet +67 p.
   Google Scholar
• Rattenbury MS, Townsend DB, Johnston MR ( comp.) 2006. Geology of the Kaikoura area. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 geological map 13. Lower Hutt, New Zealand. GNS Science. 1 sheet + 70 p.
   Google Scholar
• Reyners M, Robinson R, McGinty P 1997. Plate coupling in the northern South Island and southernmost North Island, New Zealand, as illuminated by earthquake focal mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research 102: 15197–15210. doi:10.1029/97JB00973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw JH, Suppe J 1996. Earthquake hazards of active blind thrust faults under the central Los Angeles basin, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: 8623–8642. doi:10.1029/95JB03453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibson RH 2009. Rupturing in overpressured crust during compressional inversion – the case from NE Honshu, Japan. Tectonophysics 473: 404–416. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.03.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibson RH 2012. Reverse fault rupturing: competition between non-optimal and optimal fault orientations. In: Healy D, Butler RWH, Shipton ZK, Sibson RH ed. Faulting, fracturing and igneous intrusion in the earth's Crust, Geological Society of London Special Publication 367: 39–50. doi:10.1144/SP367.4
   Google Scholar
• Sibson RH, Ghisetti FC, Crookbain RA 2012. Andersonian wrench faulting in a regional stress field during the 2010–2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquake sequence. In: Healy D, Butler RWH, Shipton ZK, Sibson RH ed. Faulting, fracturing and igneous intrusion in the earth's crust. Geological Society of London Special Publication 367: 7–18. doi:10.1144/SP367.2
   Google Scholar
• Sircombe KN, Kamp PJJ 1998. The South Westland Basin: seismic stratigraphy, basin geometry and evolution of a foreland basin within the Southern Alps collision zone, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 300: 359–387. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00254-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spell TL, McDougall I, Tulloch AJ 2000. Thermochronologic constraintrs on the breakup of the Pacific Gondwana margin: the Paparoa metamorphic core complex, South Island, New Zealand. Tectonics 19: 433–451. doi:10.1029/1999TC900046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford PJ, Pettinga JR, Berrill JB 2008. Seismic source identification and characterization for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses conducted in the Buller-NW Nelson Region, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Seismology 12: 477–498. doi:10.1007/s10950-008-9099-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein RS, Ekström GE 1992. Seismicity and geometry of a 110-km long blind thrust fault, 2, Synthesis of the 1982–85 California earthquake sequence. Journal of Geophysical Research 97: 4865–4883. doi:10.1029/91JB02847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirling M, McVerry G, Gerstenberger M, Litchfield N, Van Dissen R, Berryman K, et al. 2012. National Seismic Hazard model for New Zealand: 2010 update. Seismological Society of America Bulletin 102: 1514–1542. doi:10.1785/0120110170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suggate RP, Waight T 1999. Geology of the Kumara-Moana area. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences geological map 24. Lower Hutt, New Zealand, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences. 1 sheet + 120 p.
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland R 1996. Transpressional development of the Australia-Pacific boundary through southern South Island, New Zealand: constraints from Miocene-Pliocene sediments, Waiho-1 borehole, South Westland. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 39: 251–264. doi:10.1080/00288306.1996.9514709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland R, Davey F, Beavan J 2000. Plate boundary deformation in South Island, New Zealand, is related to inherited lithospheric structure. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 177: 141–151. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00043-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townend J, Sherburn S, Arnold R, Boese C, Woods L 2012. Three-dimensional variations in present-day tectonic stress along the Australia-Pacific plate boundary in New Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 353–354: 47–59. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulloch AJ, Kimbrough DL 1989. The Paparoa metamorphic core complex, New Zealand: Cretaceous extension associated with fragmentation of the Pacific margin of Gondwana. Tectonics 8: 1217–1234. doi:10.1029/TC008i006p01217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulloch AJ, Kimbrough DL 2003. Paired plutonic belts in convergent margins and the development of high Sr/Y magmatism: the Peninsular Ranges Batholith of California and the Median Batholith of New Zealand. Geological Society of America Special Paper 374: 275–295. doi:10.1130/0-8137-2374-4.275
   Google Scholar
• Waight TE, Weaver SD, Muir RJ 1998. Mid-Cretaceous granitic magmatism during the transition from subduction to extension in southern New Zealand: a chemical and tectonic synthesis. Lithos 45: 469–482. doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00045-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walcott RI 1998. Modes of oblique compression: late Cenozoic tectonics of the South Island of New Zealand. Review of Geophysics 36: 1–26. doi:10.1029/97RG03084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace RE 1984. Patterns and timing of late Quaternary faulting in the Great-Basin Province and relation to some regional tectonic features. Journal of Geophysical Research 89: 5771–5790. doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh JJ, Bailey WR, Childs C, Nicol A, Bonson CG 2003. Formation of segmented normal faults: a 3-D perspective. Journal of Structural Geology 25: 1251–1262. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00161-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CY 2002. Detection of a recent earthquake fault by the shallow reflection seismic method. Geophysics 67: 1465–1473. doi:10.1190/1.1512791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman HW 1949. Geology of the Pike River coalfield, North Westland. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 30: 84–95.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman HW, Beck AC, Suggate RP, Grindley GW, Kear D 1973. Stratigraphic columns for the Cretaceous-Lower Quaternary sediments of North–West Nelson and the West Coast, South Island. New Zealand Geological Survey Report 63. Wellington, New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey. 94 p.
   Google Scholar