1,891
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research articles

The lithogeochemical signatures of hydrothermal alteration in the Waihi epithermal district, New Zealand

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 513-530 | Received 11 Sep 2018, Accepted 31 Jul 2019, Published online: 26 Aug 2019

References

  • Ague JJ, van Harden JLM. 1996. Assessing metasomatic mass and volume changes using the bootstrap, with application to deep crustal hydrothermal alteration of marble. Economic Geology. 91:1169–1182. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.91.7.1169
  • Aitchison J. 1982. The statistical analysis of compositional data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 44:139–177.
  • Aitchison J. 1986. The statistical analysis of compositional data. London, UK: Chapman & Hall Ltd. p. 416.
  • Berry R, Hunt J, McKnight S. 2011. Estimating mineralogy in bulk samples: AUSIMM International Geometallurgy Conference, 1st, Brisbane, Australia, 2011, Proceedings. p. 153–156.
  • Booden MA, Smith IEM, Mauk JL, Black PM. 2012. Geochemical and isotopic development of the Coromandel Volcanic Zone, northern New Zealand, since 18 Ma. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 219-220:15–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.005
  • Braithwaite R, Faure K. 2002. The Waihi epithermal gold-silver-base metal sulphide-quartz vein system, New Zealand: temperature and salinity controls on electrum and sulphide deposition. Economic Geology. 97:269–290. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.97.2.269
  • Brathwaite R. 1989. Geology and exploration of the Karangahake gold silver deposit. AUSIMM Monograph. 13:73–78.
  • Brathwaite R, Christie A. 1996. Geology of the Waihi area: part sheets T13 and U13. Scale 1:50 000. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences geological map 21. 64 p.
  • Browne PRL. 1978. Hydrothermal alteration in active geothermal fields. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 6:229–248. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ea.06.050178.001305
  • Carrasco T, Girty G. 2015. Identifying a reference frame for calculating mass change during weathering: A review and case study utilizing the C# program assessing element immobility and critical ratio methodology. Catena. 125:146–161. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.009
  • Christie AB, Simpson MP, Brathwaite RL, Mauk JL. 2007. Epithermal Au–Ag and related deposits of the Hauraki goldfield, Coromandel volcanic zone, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 102:785–816. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.5.785
  • Cooke D, Simmons S. 2000. Characteristics and genesis of epithermal gold deposits. Economic Geology Special Publication. 13:221–244.
  • Cox K, Bell J, Pankhurst R. 1979. The interpretation of igneous rocks. London: George Allen and Unwin. p. 450.
  • Demšar J, Curk T, Erjavec A, Gorup C, Hocevar T, Milutinovic M, Mozina M, Toplak M, Staric A, et al. 2013. Orange: data mining toolbox in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research. 14:2349–2353.
  • Edbrooke SW (compiler). 2001. Geology of the Auckland area, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences 1:250 000 geological map 3. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd. 1 sheet + 74 p.
  • Egozcue JJ, Pawlowsky-Glahn V, Mateu-Figueras G, Barcelo-Vidal C. 2003. Isometric log ratio transformations for compositional data analysis. Mathematical Geology. 35:279–300. doi: 10.1023/A:1023818214614
  • Escolme A, Berry R, Hunt J, Halley S, Potma W. 2019. Predictive models of mineralogy from whole-rock assay data: case study from Productora Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Chile. Economic Geology. doi:10.5382/econgeo.2019.4650.
  • Gazley MF, Collins KS, Robertson J, Hines BR, Fisher LA, McFarlane A. 2015. Application of principal component analysis and cluster analysis to mineral exploration and mine geology. AusIMM New Zealand Branch Annual Conference Proceedings. p. 131–139.
  • Gazley M, Tutt C, Fisher L, Latham A, Duclaux G, Taylor M, de Beer S. 2014. Objective geological logging using portable XRF geochemical multi-element data at Plutonic gold mine, Marymia Inlier. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 143:74–83. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.03.019
  • Grant JA. 1986. The Isocon Diagram — a simple solution to Gresens Equation for metasomatic alteration. Economic Geology. 81:1976–1982. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.81.8.1976
  • Gresens RL. 1967. Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism. Chemical Geology. 2:47–65. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(67)90004-6
  • Grieve PL, Corbett GJ, Leach TM. 2006. Exploration at Ohakuri North epithermal Au–Ag prospect. Taupo Volcanic Zone: AusIMM Monograph. 25:197–202.
  • Halley S, Wood D, Stolze A, Godfroid J, Goswell H, Jack D. 2016. Using multielement geochemistry to map multiple components of a mineral system: case study from a sediment-shoted Cu–Ni camp, NW Province. Zambia. SEG Newsletter. 104(1):15–21.
  • Hedenquist JW, Ar A, Gonzalez-Urien E. 2000. Exploration for epithermal gold deposits. Society of Economic Geologists Review. 13:245–277.
  • Hood S, Cracknell M, Gazley M, Reading A. 2019. Element mobility and spatial zonation associated with the Archean Hamlet orogenic Au deposit, western Australia: implications for fluid pathways in shear zones. Chemical Geology. 514:10–26. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.022
  • Hughes R, Barker SLL. 2017. Using portable XRF to infer adularia halos within the Waihi Au–Ag system, New Zealand. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 18:97–108.
  • Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ. 2005. Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. New York: Wiley.
  • MacLean W, Barrett T. 1993. Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 48:109–133. doi: 10.1016/0375-6742(93)90002-4
  • Madeisky H, Stanley C. 1993. Lithogeochemical exploration of metasomatic zones associated with Volcanic-hosted Massive sulfide deposits using Pearce element ratio analysis. International Geology Review. 35:1121–1148. doi: 10.1080/00206819309465580
  • Mauk JL, Simpson MP. 2007. Geochemistry and stable isotope composition of altered rocks at the Golden cross epithermal Au–Ag deposit, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 102:841–871. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.5.841
  • Mauk JL, Skinner EG, Fyfe SJ, Menzie AH, Lowers HA, Koenig AE. 2013. Ore mineralogy and textural zonation in the world-class epithermal Waihi vein system. Hauraki Goldfield. AusIMM Monograph. 31:293–301.
  • McDonough W, Sun W. 1995. The composition of the earth. Chemical Geology. 120:223–253. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
  • Pearce JA, Cann JR. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 19:290–300. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90129-5
  • Ripley BD. 1996. Pattern recognition and neural networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Simmons SF, Browne PRL. 2000. Hydrothermal minerals and precious metals in the Broadlands-Ohaaki geothermal system: implications for understanding low-sulfidation epithermal environments. Economic Geology. 95:971–999. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.95.5.971
  • Simmons SF, White NC, John DA. 2005. Geological characteristics of epithermal precious and base metal deposits. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 495–522.
  • Simpson MP, Christie AB. 2019. Hydrothermal alteration mineralogical footprints for New Zealand epithermal Au–Ag deposits. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. doi:10.1080/00288306.2019.1577278.
  • Simpson MP, Gazley MF, Stuart AGJ, Pearce MA, Birchall R, Chappell D, Christie AB, Stevens MR. 2019. Hydrothermal alteration at the Karangahake epithermal Au–Ag deposit, Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 114:243–273. doi: 10.5382/econgeo.2019.4630
  • Simpson MP, Mauk JL. 2007. The Favona epithermal gold-silver deposit, Waihi, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 102:817–839. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.5.817
  • Simpson MP, Mauk JL. 2011. Hydrothermal alteration and veins at the epithermal Au–Ag deposits and Prospects of the Waitekauri area, Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 106:945–973. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.106.6.945
  • Skinner D. 1986. Neogene volcanism of the Hauraki volcanic region. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin. 23:20–47.
  • Sporli K, Cargill H. 2011. Structural Evolution of a world-class epithermal orebody: The Martha Hill deposit, Waihi, New Zealand. Economic Geology. 106:975–998. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.106.6.975
  • Uvarova YA, Pearce MA, Liu W, Cleverley JS, Hough RM. 2017. Geochemical signatures of copper redistribution in IOCG-type mineralisation, Gawler Craton, south Australia. Mineralium Deposita. 53:477–492. doi: 10.1007/s00126-017-0749-1
  • van Dongen M, Weinberg RF, Tomkins AG. 2010. REE-Y, Ti, and P remobilization in magmatic rocks by hydrothermal alteration during Cu–Au deposit formation. Economic Geology. 105:763–776. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.105.4.763
  • Warren I, Simmons SF, Mauk JL. 2007. Whole-rock geochemical techniques for evaluating hydrothermal alteration, mass changes, and compositional gradients associated with epithermal Au–Ag mineralization. Economic Geology. 102:923–948. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.5.923
  • Weisberg B. 1969. Gold-silver ore grade precipitates from New Zealand geothermal waters. Economic Geology. 64:95–108. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.64.1.95
  • Woronow A, Love KM. 1990. Quantifying and testing differences among means of compositional data suites. Mathematical Geology. 22:837–852. doi: 10.1007/BF00890666

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.