Publication Cover
Vehicle System Dynamics
International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility
Volume 62, 2024 - Issue 2
1,824
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Trajectory-following and off-tracking minimisation of long combination vehicles: a comparison between nonlinear and linear model predictive control

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 277-310 | Received 04 Mar 2021, Accepted 27 Dec 2022, Published online: 06 Jan 2023

References

  • European Commission. Road transport: reducing co 2 emissions from vehicles; 2016. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles_en.
  • Rodrigues VS, Piecyk M, Mason R, et al. The longer and heavier vehicle debate: a review of empirical evidence from Germany. Trans Res Part D: Trans Environ. 2015;40:114–131. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.08.003
  • Woodrooffe JH, Ash L. Economic efficiency of long combination transport vehicles in Alberta. Edmonton: Woodrooffe & Associates; 2001.
  • Ghandriz T, Jacobson B, Laine L, et al. Impact of automated driving systems on road freight transport and electrified propulsion of heavy vehicles. Trans Res Part C: Emerg Technol. 2020;115:102610. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2020.102610
  • Ghandriz T, Jacobson B, Laine L, et al. Optimization data on total cost of ownership for conventional and battery electric heavy vehicles driven by humans and by automated driving systems. Data Br. 2020;30:105566. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105566
  • Kockum S, Örtlund R, Ekfjorden A, et al. Volvo trucks safety report; 2017. Available from: https://www.volvogroup.com/content/dam/volvo/volvo-group/markets/global/en-en/about-us/traffic-safety/Safety-report-2017.pdf.
  • European Commission. Traffic safety basic facts 2018 – heavy goods vehicles and buses; 2018. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/statistics/dacota/bfs20xx_hgvs.pdf.
  • Christidis P, Leduc G. Longer and heavier vehicles for freight transport. JRC Eur Comm. 2009;1–40. Available from: http://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/7pc/doc/1245745030_lhv_trucks_jrc52005.pdf.
  • Grislis A. Longer combination vehicles and road safety. Transport. 2010;25(3):336–343. doi:10.3846/transport.2010.41
  • Lemp JD, Kockelman KM, Unnikrishnan A. Analysis of large truck crash severity using heteroskedastic ordered probit models. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43(1):370–380. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.09.006
  • SAE standard. Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to on-road motor vehicle automated driving systems. Vol. 3016, SAE Standard J. 2016. p. 1–16.
  • Alessandrini A, Campagna A, Delle Site P, et al. Automated vehicles and the rethinking of mobility and cities. Transp Res Proc. 2015;5:145–160. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2015.01.002
  • Anderson JM, Nidhi K, Stanley KD, et al. Autonomous vehicle technology: a guide for policymakers. Santa Monica (CA): Rand Corporation; 2014.
  • Chan CY. Advancements, prospects, and impacts of automated driving systems. Int J Transp Sci Technol. 2017;6(3):208–216. doi:10.1016/j.ijtst.2017.07.008
  • Kalra N, Paddock SM. Driving to safety: how many miles of driving would it take to demonstrate autonomous vehicle reliability?. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2016;94:182–193. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.010
  • Trigell AS, Rothhämel M, Pauwelussen J, et al. Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. Veh Syst Dyn. 2017;55(10):1572–1617.
  • Paden B, Čáp M, Yong SZ, et al. A survey of motion planning and control techniques for self-driving urban vehicles. IEEE Trans Intell Veh. 2016;1(1):33–55.
  • van Duijkeren N, Keviczky T, Nilsson P, et al. Real-time nmpc for semi-automated highway driving of long heavy vehicle combinations. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2015;48(23):39–46.
  • Luijten M. Lateral dynamic behaviour of articulated commercial vehicles. Eindhoven University of Technology; 2010. Available from: http://www.mate.tue.nl/mate/pdfs/12050.pdf.
  • ISO14791 I. Road vehicles-heavy commercial vehicle combinations and articulated buses-lateral stability test methods. Tech. rep; 2002.
  • He Y, Islam MM, Webster TD. An integrated design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems. SAE Int J Passeng Cars-Mech Syst. 2010;3(2010-01-0092):158–174. doi:10.4271/2010-01-0092
  • Islam MM, Ding X, He Y. A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems. Veh Syst Dyn. 2012;50(5):675–697. doi:10.1080/00423114.2011.622904
  • Diehl M, Findeisen R, Allgöwer F, et al. Nominal stability of real-time iteration scheme for nonlinear model predictive control. IEE Proc Control Theory Appl. 2005;152(3):296–308. doi:10.1049/ip-cta:20040008
  • Gros S, Zanon M, Quirynen R, et al. From linear to nonlinear mpc: bridging the gap via the real-time iteration. Int J Control. 2020;93(1):62–80.
  • Falcone P, Tseng HE, Asgari J, et al. Integrated braking and steering model predictive control approach in autonomous vehicles. IFAC Proc Vol. 2007;40(10):273–278.
  • Falcone P, Tufo M, Borrelli F, et al. A linear time varying model predictive control approach to the integrated vehicle dynamics control problem in autonomous systems. In: 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control; IEEE; 2007. p. 2980–2985.
  • Falcone P, Borrelli F, Tseng HE, et al. Linear time-varying model predictive control and its application to active steering systems: stability analysis and experimental validation. Int J Robust Nonlinear Control IFAC-Affiliated J. 2008;18(8):862–875.
  • Yuan H, Gao Y, Gordon TJ. Vehicle optimal road departure prevention via model predictive control. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Aut Eng. 2017;231(7):952–962. doi:10.1177/0954407017701286
  • Zhang Y, Khajepour A, Ataei M. A universal and reconfigurable stability control methodology for articulated vehicles with any configurations. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2020;69(4):3748–3759. doi:10.1109/TVT.2020.2973082
  • Kraaijenhagen B, van der Zweep C, Lischke A, et al. Aerodynamic and flexible trucks for next generation of long distance road transport (aeroflex). International Forum For Road Transport technology (IFRTT); 2018. Available from: https://elib.dlr.de/122283/.
  • Deng W, Kang X. Parametric study on vehicle-trailer dynamics for stability control. SAE Trans. 2003;112:1411–1419.
  • Hac A, Fulk D, Chen H. Stability and control considerations of vehicle-trailer combination. SAE Int J Passeng Cars-Mech Syst. 2008;1(2008-01-1228):925–937. doi:10.4271/2008-01-1228
  • Rouchon P, Fliess M, Lévine J, et al. Flatness, motion planning and trailer systems. In: Proceedings of 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control; IEEE; 1993. p. 2700–2705. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1993.325686
  • Van de Molengraft-Luijten M, Besselink IJ, Verschuren R, et al. Analysis of the lateral dynamic behaviour of articulated commercial vehicles. Veh Syst Dyn. 2012;50(sup1):169–189. doi:10.1080/00423114.2012.676650
  • Sampson DJM. Active roll control of articulated heavy vehicles [dissertation]. University of Cambridge, UK; 2000. Available from: http://www.sampson.id.au/david/work/phd.pdf.
  • Morrison G, Cebon D. Combined emergency braking and turning of articulated heavy vehicles. Veh Syst Dyn. 2017;55(5):725–749. doi:10.1080/00423114.2016.1278077
  • Wang Q, He Y. A study on single lane-change manoeuvres for determining rearward amplification of multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems. Veh Syst Dyn. 2016;54(1):102–123. doi:10.1080/00423114.2015.1123280
  • Islam MM, He Y, Zhu S, et al. A comparative study of multi-trailer articulated heavy-vehicle models. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Aut Eng. 2015;229(9):1200–1228. doi:10.1177/0954407014557053
  • Sundström P, Jacobson B, Laine L. Vectorized single-track model in modelica for articulated vehicles with arbitrary number of units and axles. In: Modelica conference 2014, Lund: Sweden; 2014. Available from: http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/190501/local_190501.pdf.
  • Nilsson P, Tagesson K. Single-track models of an a-double heavy vehicle combination. Chalmers University of Technology; 2014. Available from: http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/192958/local_192958.pdf.
  • Kharrazi S, Lidberg M, Roebuck R, et al. Implementation of active steering on longer combination vehicles for enhanced lateral performance. Veh Syst Dyn. 2012;50(12):1949–1970. doi:10.1080/00423114.2012.708422
  • Kharrazi S, Lidberg M, Fredriksson J. A generic controller for improving lateral performance of heavy vehicle combinations. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Aut Eng. 2013;227(5):619–642. doi:10.1177/0954407012454616
  • Roebuck R, Odhams A, Tagesson K, et al. Implementation of trailer steering control on a multi-unit vehicle at high speeds. J Dyn Syst Meas Control. 2014;136(2):021016. doi:10.1115/1.4025815
  • Rangavajhula K, Tsao HSJ. Active trailer steering control of an articulated system with a tractor and three full trailers for tractor-track following. Int J Heavy Veh Syst. 2007;14(3):271–293. doi:10.1504/IJHVS.2007.015604
  • Ghilardelli F, Lini G, Piazzi A. Path generation using η4-splines for a truck and trailer vehicle. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng. 2013;11(1):187–203. 10.1109/TASE.2013.2266962
  • Nilsson P, Laine L, Jacobson B, et al. Driver model based automated driving of long vehicle combinations in emulated highway traffic. In: 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems; IEEE; 2015. p. 361–368. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.68
  • Nilsson P, Laine L, Van Duijkeren N, et al. Automated highway lane changes of long vehicle combinations: A specific comparison between driver model based control and non-linear model predictive control. In: 2015 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent SysTems and Applications (INISTA); IEEE; 2015. p. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/INISTA.2015.7276790
  • Kati MS. On robust steering based lateral control of longer and heavier commercial vehicles. Chalmers University of Technology; 2018. Available from: https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/507376.
  • Fancher P, Winkler C, Ervin R, et al. Using braking to control the lateral motions of full trailers. Veh Syst Dyn. 1998;29(S1):462–478. doi:10.1080/00423119808969579
  • MacAdam C, Hagan M. A simple differential brake control algorithm for attenuating rearward amplification in doubles and triples combination vehicles. Veh Syst Dyn. 2002;37(sup1):234–245. doi:10.1080/00423114.2002.11666235
  • Bin Y, Shim T, Feng N, et al. Path tracking control for backing-up tractor-trailer system via model predictive control. In: 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC); IEEE; 2012. p. 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2012.6242930
  • Gutjahr B, Gröll L, Werling M. Lateral vehicle trajectory optimization using constrained linear time-varying mpc. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. 2016;18(6):1586–1595. doi:10.1109/TITS.2016.2614705
  • Lima PF. Optimization-based motion planning and model predictive control for autonomous driving: With experimental evaluation on a heavy-duty construction truck [dissertation]. KTH Royal Institute of Technology; 2018. Available from: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1241535&dswid=2778.
  • Sastry S. Nonlinear systems: analysis, stability, and control. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013.
  • Lima PF, Mårtensson J, Wahlberg B. Stability conditions for linear time-varying model predictive control in autonomous driving. In: 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC); IEEE; 2017. p. 2775–2782. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2017.8264062
  • Bock HG, Diehl M, Kostina E, et al. Constrained optimal feedback control of systems governed by large differential algebraic equations. In: Real-time pde-constrained optimization. SIAM; 2007. p. 3–24.
  • Bock HG, Diehl M, Kühl P, et al. Numerical methods for efficient and fast nonlinear model predictive control. In: Assessment and future directions of nonlinear model predictive control. Springer; 2007. p. 163–179. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72699-9_13
  • Ghandriz T, Jacobson B, Nilsson P, et al. Computationally efficient nonlinear one- and two-track models for multitrailer road vehicles. IEEE Access. 2020;1–22. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3037035
  • Ghandriz T, Jacobson B, Murgovski N, et al. Real-time predictive energy management of hybrid electric heavy vehicles by sequential programming. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2021;70(5):4113–4128. doi:10.1109/TVT.2021.3069414
  • Andersson JA, Gillis J, Horn G, et al. Casadi: a software framework for nonlinear optimization and optimal control. Math Program Comput. 2019;11(1):1–36.
  • Gurobi Optimization L. Gurobi optimizer reference manual ; 2020. Available from: http://www.gurobi.com.
  • Nocedal J, Wright S. Numerical optimization. Springer Science & Business Media; 2006.
  • Eich-Soellner E, Führer C. Numerical methods in multibody dynamics. Vol. 45. Stuttgart: Teubner; 1998.
  • Zhu M, Chen H, Xiong G. A model predictive speed tracking control approach for autonomous ground vehicles. Mech Syst Signal Process. 2017;87:138–152.
  • Performance Based Standards II project [https://www.chalmers.se/en/projects/Pages/Performance-Based-Standards-II.aspx]; 2018.
  • Kharrazi S, Karlsson R, Sandin J, et al. Performance based standards for high capacity transports in Sweden, FIFFI project 2013-03881, report 1: Review of existing regulations and literature. 2015. Available from: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1168835&dswid=-5021.
  • Ghandriz T. Transportation mission-based optimization of heavy combination road vehicles and distributed propulsion, including predictive energy and motion control Doctoral thesis, no 4882. Chalmers University of Technology; 2020. Available from: https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/520358.
  • Shabana AA. Dynamics of multibody systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.
  • Ghandriz T. Multitrailer vehicle simulation: Generation and integration of differential equations ; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4248263
  • Jacobson B. Vehicle dynamics compendium. Chalmers University of Technology; 2019. Available from: https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/513850.
  • Pacejka H. Tire and vehicle dynamics. Elsevier; 2005.