3,150
Views
106
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Argumentation, Dialogue Theory, and Probability Modeling: Alternative Frameworks for Argumentation Research in Education

Pages 84-106 | Published online: 19 Apr 2011

REFERENCES

  • Abrami , P. C. , Bernard , R. M. , Borokhovski , A. W. , Surkes , M. A. , Tamim , R. and Zhang , D. 2008 . Instructional interventions affecting critical thinking skills and dispositions: A stage 1 meta-analysis . Review of Educational Research , 78 : 1102 – 1134 .
  • Alexopoulou , E. and Driver , R. 1996 . Small-group discussion in physics: Peer interaction modes in pairs and fours . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 33 : 1099 – 1114 .
  • Anderson , J. R. 1990 . The adaptive character of thought. , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Anderson , J. R. and Lebiere , C. , eds. 1998 . The atomic components of thought , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Anderson , R. C. , Nguyen-Jahiel , K. , McNurlen , B. , Archodidou , A. , Kim , S. , Reznitskaya , A. and Gilbert , L. 2001 . The snowball phenomenon: Spread of ways of talking and ways of thinking across groups of children . Cognition and Instruction , 19 : 1 – 46 .
  • Andriessen , J. 2006 . “ Arguing to learn ” . In The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences , Edited by: Sawyer , R. K. 443 – 460 . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Andriessen , J. , Baker , M. and Suthers , D. , eds. 2003 . Arguing to learn: Confronting cognitions in computer-supported collaborative learning environments. , Boston, MA : Kluwer .
  • Andriessen , J. , Coirier , P. , Rijlaarsdam , G. and Esperet , E. , eds. 1999 . Studies in writing: Vol. 5. Foundations of argumentative text processing. , Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Amsterdam University Press .
  • Angell , R. B. 1964 . Reasoning and logic. , New York, NY : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
  • Asterhan , C. S. C. and Schwarz , B. 2007 . The effects of monological and dialogical argumentation on concept learning in evolutionary theory . Journal of Educational Psychology , 99 : 626 – 639 .
  • Atkinson , K. , Bench-Capon , T. and McBurney , P. 2006 . Computational representation of practical argument . Synthese , 152 : 157 – 206 .
  • Aulls , M. W. 1998 . Contributions of classroom discourse to what content students learn during curriculum enactment . Journal of Educational Psychology , 90 : 56 – 89 .
  • Baker , M. 2009 . “ Argumentative interactions and the social construction of knowledge ” . In Argumentation and education: Theoretical foundations and practices , Edited by: Mirza , N. M. and Perret-Clermont , A.-N. 127 – 144 . New York, NY : Springer .
  • Bentham , J. D. 1988 . An introduction to the principles of morals and legislation , Buffalo, NY : Prometheus Books . (Original work published 1789)
  • Bell , P. and Linn , M. C. 2000 . Scientific arguments as learning artifacts: Designing for learning from the web with KIE . International Journal of Science Education , 22 : 797 – 817 .
  • Bereiter , C. and Scardamalia , M. 1987 . The psychology of written composition , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Blair , J. A. 1999 . Review of (Walton, 1996) . Argumentation , 13 : 338 – 343 .
  • Boushey , H. , Brocht , C. , Gundersen , B. and Bernstein , J. 2001 . Hardship in America: The real story of working families. , Washington, DC : Economic Policy Institute .
  • Bradley , R. 2003, July . Probabilism and mental kinematics , Paper presented at the Remembering Jeffrey Workshop on Bayesian Epistemology, 26th International Wittgenstein Symposium, Kirchberg, Austria
  • Brookfield , S. D. and Preskill , S. 1999 . Discussion as a way of teaching. , San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Brown , R. A. J. and Renshaw , O. D. 2000 . “ Collective argumentation: A sociocultural approach to reframing classroom teaching and learning ” . In Social interaction in learning and instruction: The meaning of discourse for the construction of knowledge , Edited by: Cowie , H. and van der Aalsvoort , G. 52 – 66 . New York, NY : Elsevier Science .
  • Carbogim , D. V. , Robertson , D. and Lee , J. 2000 . Argument-based applications to knowledge engineering . The Knowledge Engineering Review , 15 : 119 – 149 .
  • Chambliss , M. J. and Murphy , P. K. 2002 . Fourth and fifth graders representing the argument structure in written texts . Discourse Processes , 34 : 91 – 115 .
  • Chin , C. and Osborne , J. 2010 . Supporting argumentation through students' questions: Case studies in science classrooms . The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 19 : 230 – 284 .
  • Chinn , C. A. 2006 . “ Learning to argue ” . In Collaborative learning, reasoning, and technology , Edited by: O'Donnell , A. M. , Hmelo-Silver , C. E. and Erkens , G. 355 – 383 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Clark , D. B. and Sampson , V. 2008 . Assessing dialogic argumentation in online environments to relate structure, grounds, and conceptual quality . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 45 : 293 – 321 .
  • Copi , I. M. and Cohen , C. 1998 . Introduction to logic , 10th ed. , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Damasio , A. R. 1994 . Descartes' error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain , New York, NY : Putnam .
  • De , L a and Paz , S. 2005 . Effects of historical reasoning instruction and writing strategy mastery in culturally and academically diverse middle school classrooms . Journal of Educational Psychology , 97 : 139 – 156 .
  • Dong , T. , Anderson , R. C. , Kim , I.-H. and Li , Y. 2008 . Collaborative reasoning in China and Korea . Reading Research Quarterly , 43 : 400 – 424 .
  • Duschl , R. A. 2008 . “ Quality argumentation and epistemic criteria ” . In Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research , Edited by: Erduran , S. and Jimenez-Aleixandre , M. P. 159 – 175 . Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Edwards , W. 1968 . “ Conservatism and human information processing ” . In Formal representation of human judgment , Edited by: Kleinmuntz , B. 17 – 52 . New York : Wiley .
  • Ehninger , D. 1974 . Influence, belief, and argument: An introduction of responsible persuasion. , Glenview, IL : Scott Foreman .
  • Ehninger , D. and Brockriede , W. 1961 . Decision by debate. , New York, NY : Dodd, Mead .
  • Erduran , S. 2008 . “ Methodological foundations in the study of argumentation in the science classroom ” . In Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research , Edited by: Erduran , S. and Jimenez-Aleixandre , M. P. 47 – 69 . Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Erduran , S. and Jimenez-Aleixandre , M. P. , eds. 2008 . Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research. , Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Erduran , S. , Simon , S. and Osborne , J. 2004 . TAPping into argumentation: Developments in the application of Toulmin's argument pattern for studying science discourse . Science Education , 88 : 915 – 933 .
  • Ferretti , R. P. , Lewis , W. E. and Andrews-Wekerly , S. 2009 . Do goals affect the structure of students' argumentative writing strategies? . Journal of Educational Psychology , 101 : 577 – 589 .
  • Fulkerson , R. 1996a . Teaching the argument in writing , Urbana, IL : National Council of Teachers of English .
  • Fulkerson , R. 1996b . “ The Toulmin model of argument and the teaching of composition ” . In Argument revisited, argument redefined: Negotiating meaning in the composition classroom , Edited by: Emmel , B. , Resch , P. and Tenney , D. 45 – 72 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Garcia-Mila , M. and Anderson , C. 2008 . “ Cognitive foundations of learning argumentation ” . In Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research , Edited by: Southerland , S. , Erduran , S. and Jiménez-Aleixandre , M. P. 31 – 48 . Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Gilbert , M. 1997 . Coalescent argument , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Glymour , C. 2001 . The mind's arrows. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Golanics , J. D. and Nussbaum , E. M. 2008 . Enhancing collaborative online argumentation through question elaboration and goal instructions . Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , 24 : 167 – 180 .
  • Graesser , A. C. , Baggett , W. and Williams , K. 1996 . Question-driven explanatory reasoning . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 10 : S17 – S31 .
  • Greeno , J. G. and van de Sande , C. 2007 . Perspectival understanding of conceptions and conceptual growth in interaction . Educational Psychologist , 42 : 9 – 23 .
  • Grennan , W. 1997 . Informal logic: Issues and techniques. , Buffalo, NY : McGill-Queen's University Press .
  • Griffiths , T. L. , Kemp , C. and Tenenbaum , J. B. 2008 . “ Bayesian models of cognition ” . In The Cambridge handbook of computational psychology , Edited by: Sun , R. 59 – 100 . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Haake , J. M. and Pfister , H.-R. 2007 . “ Flexible scripting in net-based learning groups ” . In Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning: Cognitive, computational and educational perspectives , Edited by: Fischer , F. , Kollar , I. , Mandl , H. and Haake , J. M. 155 – 175 . New York, NY : Springer .
  • Hahn , U. and Oaksford , M. 2006 . A Bayesian approach to informal argument fallacies . Synthese , 152 : 207 – 236 .
  • Hahn , U. and Oaksford , M. 2007 . The rationality of informal argumentation: A Bayesian approach to reasoning fallacies . Psychological Review , 114 : 704 – 732 .
  • Hairston , M. C. 1981 . Successful writing: A rhetoric for advanced composition. , New York, NY : Norton .
  • Halpern , D. F. 1997 . Teaching critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of thought and knowledge. , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Hastings , A. C. 1963 . A reformulation of the modes of reasoning in argumentation. , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
  • Hochs , S. J. 1984 . Availability and inference in predictive judgment . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 10 : 649 – 662 .
  • Howson , C. and Urbach , P. 1989 . Scientific reasoning: The Bayesian approach , La Salle, IL : Open Court .
  • Hunt , E. and Minstrell , J. 1994 . “ A cognitive approach to the teaching of physics ” . In Classroom lessons: Integrating cognitive theory and classroom practice , Edited by: McGilly , K. 51 – 73 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Juslin , P. , Nilsson , H. and Winman , A. 2009 . Probability theory, not the very guide of life . Psychological Review , 116 : 856 – 874 .
  • Kant , I. 1996 . Critique of practical reason , Edited by: Abbott , T. K. Amherst, NY : Prometheus Books . (Original work published 1788)
  • Kelly , G. J. , Drunker , S. and Chen , C. 1998 . Students' reasoning about electricity: combining performance assessments with argumentation analysis . International Journal of Science Education , 20 : 849 – 871 .
  • Kelly , G. J. , Regev , J. and Prothero , W. 2008 . “ Analysis of lines of reasoning in written argumentation ” . In Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research , Edited by: Southerland , S. , Erduran , S. and Jiménez-Aleixandre , M. P. 137 – 157 . Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Kemp , C. and Tenenbaum , J. B. 2009 . Structured statistical models of inductive reasoning . Psychological Review , 116 : 20 – 58 .
  • Kenyon , L. and Reiser , B. J. 2006, April . A functional approach to nature of science: Using epistemological understandings to construct and evaluate explanations. , Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco
  • Kienpointner , M. 1992 . “ How to classify arguments ” . In Argumentation illuminated , Edited by: van Eemeren , F. H. , Grootendorst , R. , Blair , J. A. and Willard , C. A. 178 – 188 . Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Amsterdam University Press .
  • Kirschner , P. A. , Buckingham Shum , S. J. and Carr , C. S. 2003 . Visualizing argumentation: Software tools for collaborative and educational sense-making. , New York, NY : Springer .
  • Kopp , B. and Mandl , H. 2007, July . “ Fostering argumentation with script and content scheme in videoconferencing ” . In Mice, minds, and society: The Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) Conference 2007, Vol. 8. Part 1 , Edited by: Chinn , C. , Erkens , G. and Puntambekar , S. 385 – 394 . New Brunswick, NJ : International Society of the Learning Sciences .
  • Kuhn , D. 1991 . The skills of argument. , Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kuhn , D. 2005 . Education for thinking , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Kuhn , D. , Goh , W. , Iordanou , K. and Shaenfield , D. 2008 . Arguing on the computer: A microgenetic study of developing argument skills in a computer-supported environment . Child Development , 79 : 1310 – 1328 . doi: doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01190.x
  • Kuhn , D. and Udell , W. 2003 . The development of argument skill . Child Development , 74 : 1245 – 1260 .
  • Kuhn , T. S. 1970 . The structure of scientific revolutions , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lakatos , I. 1978 . The methodology of scientific research programmes: Philosophical papers (Vol. 1) , New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lampert , M. L. , Rittenhouse , P. and Crumbaugh , C. 1996 . “ Agreeing to disagree: Developing sociable mathematical discourse ” . In Handbook of human development in education , Edited by: Olson , D. R. and Torrance , N. 731 – 764 . Cambridge, MA : Blackwell .
  • Leitão , S. 2000 . The potential of argument in knowledge building . Human Development , 43 : 332 – 360 .
  • Limón , M. 2001 . On the cognitive conflict as an instructional strategy for conceptual change: A critical appraisal . Learning and Instruction , 11 : 357 – 380 .
  • Linn , M. C. , Shear , L. , Bell , P. and Slotta , J. D. 1999 . Organizing principles for science education partnerships: Case studies of students' learning about “rats in space” and “deformed frogs.” . Educational Technology Research & Development , 47 ( 2 ) : 61 – 84 .
  • Lovett , M. 2001 . “ A collaborative convergence on studying reasoning processes: A case study in statistics ” . In Cognition and instruction: Twenty-five years of progress , Edited by: Carver , S. M. and Klahr , D. 347 – 384 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Mason , L. and Scirica , F. 2006 . Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding . Learning & Instruction , 15 : 492 – 509 .
  • Mayer , R. E. 1999 . The promise of educational psychology: Learning in the content areas 2nd ed. , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Merrill Prentice Hall .
  • McNeil , K. L. and Krajcik , J. 2009 . Synergy between teacher practices and curricular scaffolds to support students in using domain-specific and domain-general knowledge in writing arguments to explain phenomena . The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 18 : 416 – 460 .
  • Means , M. L. and Voss , J. F. 1996 . Who reasons well? Two studies of informal reasoning among children of different grade, ability, and knowledge levels . Cognition and Instruction , 14 : 139 – 178 .
  • Metz , K. E. 1998 . “ Emergent ideas of chance and probability in primary-grade children ” . In Reflections on statistics: Learning, teaching, and assessment in Grades K–12 , Edited by: Lajoie , S. P. 149 – 174 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Mill , J. S. 1979 . Utilitarianism. , Indianapolis, IN : Hackett . . (Original work published 1863)
  • Muller Mirza , N. and Perret-Clermont , A.-N. , eds. 2009 . Argumentation and education: Theoretical foundations and practices , Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Springer .
  • Nickerson , R. S. 2004 . Cognition and chance: The psychology of probabilistic reasoning , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Nisbett , R. E. 1993 . Rules for reasoning , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. 2003 . Appropriate appropriation: Functionality of student arguments and support requests during small-group classroom discussions . Journal of Literacy Research , 34 : 501 – 544 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. 2005 . The effect of goal instructions and need for cognition on interactive argumentation . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 30 : 286 – 313 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. 2008a . Collaborative discourse, argumentation, and learning: Preface and literature review . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 33 : 345 – 359 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. 2008b . Using argumentation vee diagrams (AVDs) for promoting argument/counterargument integration in reflective writing . Journal of Educational Psychology , 100 : 549 – 565 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. and Broughton , S. H. 2008, August . Emotion and attitude change in middle-schoolers' arguments on current events. , Paper presented at the 6th Annual Conference on Conceptual Change, European Association for Research in Learning and Instruction, Turku, Finland
  • Nussbaum , E. M. and Edwards , O. V. in press . Critical questions and argument stratagems: A framework for enhancing and analyzing students' reasoning practices . The Journal of the Learning Sciences ,
  • Nussbaum , E. M. and Kardash , C. M. 2005 . The effects of goal instructions and text on the generation of counterarguments during writing . Journal of Educational Psychology , 97 : 157 – 169 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. and Schraw , G. 2007 . Promoting argument-counterargument integration in students' writing . The Journal of Experimental Education , 76 : 59 – 92 .
  • Nussbaum , E. M. , Winsor , D. L. , Aqui , Y. M. and Poliquin , A. M. 2007 . Putting the pieces together: Online argumentation vee diagrams enhance thinking during discussions . International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning , 2 : 479 – 500 .
  • O'Keefe , D. J. 1982 . “ The concept of argument and arguing ” . In Advances in argumentation theory and research , Edited by: Cox , J. R. and Willard , C. A. 3 – 23 . Carbondale, IL : Southern Illinois University Press .
  • Palincsar , A. M . 1998 . Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning . Annual Review of Psychology , 49 : 345 – 375 .
  • Parsons , S. 2001 . Qualitative methods for reasoning under uncertainty. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Pearl , J. 2000 . Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Perelman , C. and Olbrechts-Tyteca , L. 1958/1969 . The new rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation , Edited by: Wilkinson , J. and Weaver , P. Notre Dame, IN : University of Notre Dame Press .
  • Perkins , D. N. 1985 . Postprimary education has little impact on informal reasoning . Journal of Educational Psychology , 77 : 562 – 571 .
  • Pollock , J. L. 1987 . Defeasible reasoning . Cognitive Science , 11 : 481 – 518 .
  • Press , S. J. 2003 . Subjective and objective Bayesian statistics: Principles, models, and applications 2nd ed. , Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Interscience .
  • Pyle , C. H. 2009 . Getting away with torture: Secret government, war crimes, and the rule of law. , Washington, DC : Potomac Books .
  • Ranney , M. and Schank , P. 1998 . “ Toward an integration of the social and the scientific: Observing, modeling, and promoting the explanatory coherence of reasoning ” . In Connectionist models of social reasoning and social behavior , Edited by: Read , S. and Miller , L. 245 – 274 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Reed , C. and Norman , T. J. 2004 . “ A roadmap of research argument and computation ” . In Argumentation machines: New frontiers in argument and computation , Edited by: Reed , C. and Norman , T J. 1 – 13 . Boston, MA : Kluwer .
  • Reiser , B. , Tabak , I. , Sandoval , W. , Smith , B. K. , Steinmuller , F. and Leone , A. J. 2001 . “ BGuILE: Strategic and conceptual scaffolds for scientific inquiry in biology classrooms ” . In Cognition and instruction: Twenty-five years of progress , Edited by: Carver , S. M. and Klahr , D. 263 – 306 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Rescher , N. 1976 . Plausible reasoning: An introduction to the theory and practice of plausibilistic inference , Assen, The Netherlands : Van Gorcum .
  • Resnick , L. , Salmon , M. , Zeitz , C. N. and Wathen , S. H. 1993 . Reasoning in conversation. Special issue in discourse and shared reasoning . Cognition and Instruction , 11 : 347 – 364 .
  • Reyna , V. F. , Adam , M. B. , Poirier , K. M. , LeCroy , C W. and Brainerd , C. J. 2005 . “ Risky decision making in childhood and adolescence: A fuzzy-trace theory approach ” . In The development of judgment and decision making in children and adolescents , Edited by: Jacobs , J. E. and Klaczynski , P. A. 77 – 106 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Reynolds , G. A. and Perin , D. 2009 . Comparison of text structure and self-regulated writing strategies for composing from sources by middle school students . Reading Psychology , 30 : 265 – 300 .
  • Reznitskaya , A. and Anderson , R. C. 2002 . “ The argument schema and learning to reason ” . In Comprehension-instruction: Research-based best practices , Edited by: Block , C. C. and Pressley , M. 319 – 334 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Reznitskaya , A. , Anderson , R. C. and Kuo , L.-J. 2007 . Teaching and learning argumentation . Elementary School Journal , 107 : 449 – 472 .
  • Reznitskaya , A. , Anderson , R. C. , McNurlen , B. , Ngyuen-Jahiel , K. , Archodidou , A. and Kim , S. 2001 . Influence of oral discussion on written argument . Discourse Processes , 32 : 155 – 175 .
  • Rottenberg , A. T. 1985 . Elements of argument: A text and reader , New York, NY : St. Martin Press .
  • Rowe , G. , Macagno , F. , Reed , C. and Walton , D. 2006 . Araucaria as a tool for diagramming arguments in teaching and studying philosophy . Teaching Philosophy , 29 : 111 – 124 .
  • Royall , R. M. 1997 . Statistical evidence: A likelihood paradigm. , London : Chapman & Hall .
  • Sandoval , W. A. and Millwood , K. A. 2005 . The quality of students' use of evidence in written scientific explanations . Cognition and Instruction , 23 : 23 – 55 .
  • Savage , L. 1972 . The foundations of statistics. , New York : Dover .
  • Scheuer , O. , Loll , F. , Pinkwart , N. and McLaren , B. M. 2010 . Computer-supported argumentation: A review of the state of the art . International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning , 5 : 43 – 102 .
  • Schwarz , B. B. , Neuman , Y. and Biezuner , A. 2000 . Two wrongs may make a right. If they argue together? . Cognition and Instruction , 18 : 461 – 494 .
  • Sinatra , G. M. and Chinn , C. in press . “ Thinking and reasoning in science: Promoting epistemic conceptual change ” . In APA educational psychology handbook series (Vol. 1). Critical theories and models of learning and development relevant to learning and teaching. , Edited by: Harris , K. , Graham , S. , Harris , K. , McCormick , C. B. , Sinatra , G. M. and Sweller , J. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
  • Sinatra , G. M. , Southerland , S. A. , McConaughy , F. and Demestes , J. 2003 . Intentions and beliefs in students' understanding and acceptance of biological evolution . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 40 : 510 – 528 .
  • Stanovich , K. E. 2009 . What intelligence tests miss: The psychology of rational thought. , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Statman , D. 1997 . “ Introduction to virtue ethics ” . In Virtue-ethics: A critical reader , Edited by: Statman , D. 1 – 37 . Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press .
  • Suedfeld , P. , Tetlock , P. E. and Streufert , S. 1992 . “ Conceptual/integrative complexity ” . In Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis , Edited by: Smith , C. P. 393 – 400 . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Thagard , P. 2000 . Coherence in thought and action. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Thagard , P. 2004 . Causal inference in legal decision making: Explanatory coherence vs. Bayesian networks . Applied Artificial Intelligence , 18 : 231 – 249 .
  • Thagard , P. 2006 . Hot thought: Mechanisms and applications of emotional cognition. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Toth , E. E. , Suthers , D. D. and Lesgold , A. M. 2002 . “Mapping to know”: The effects of representational guidance and reflective assessment on scientific inquiry . Science Education , 86 : 264 – 286 .
  • Toulmin , S. 1958 . The uses of argument , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Toulmin , S. 2003 . The uses of argument 2nd ed. , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Toulmin , S. , Rieke , R. and Janik , A. 1984 . An introduction to reasoning 2nd ed. , New York, NY : McMillan .
  • Tversky , A. and Kahnman , D. 1984 . Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases . Science , 185 : 1124 – 1131 .
  • van Eemeren , F. H. and Grootendorst , R. 1992 . Argumentation, communication, and fallacies , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • van Eemeren , F. H. , Grootendorst , R. , Henkemans , F. S. , Blair , J. A. , Johnson , R. A. , Krabbe , E. C. W. and Zarefsky , D. 1996 . Fundamentals of argumentation theory , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • van Eemeren , F. H. , Grootendorst , R. , Jackson , S. and Jacobs , S. 1993 . Reconstructing argumentative discourse , Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press .
  • Vorobej , M. 2006 . A theory of argument. , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Voss , J. F. 2001 . Argumentation in psychology [Special issue] . Discourse Processes , 32 : 2/3
  • Voss , J. F. , Tyler , S. W. and Yengo , L. A. 1983 . “ Individual differences in the solving of social science problems ” . In Individual differences in cognition , Edited by: Dillon , R. D. and Schmeck , R. R. Vol. 1 , 205 – 235 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Vye , N. J. , Goldman , S. R. , Voss , J. F. , Hmelo , C. , Williams , S. and the Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt . 1997 . Complex mathematical problem solving by individuals and dyads . Cognition and Instruction , 15 : 485 – 484 .
  • Walton , D. 1992 . The place of emotion in argument. , University Park : The Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • Walton , D. N. 1996 . Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Walton , D. N. 1998 . The new dialectic. , University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • Walton , D. 2000 . The place of dialogue theory in logic, computer science and communication studies . Synthese , 123 : 327 – 346 .
  • Walton , D. 2003 . Ethical argumentation , Lanham, MD : Lexington Books .
  • Walton , D. 2004 . Abductive reasoning. , Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press .
  • Walton , D. 2007 . Dialogue theory for critical argumentation , Philadelphia, PA : John Benjamins .
  • Walton , D. 2010 . A dialogue model of belief . Argument and Computation , 1 : 23 – 46 .
  • Walton , D. , Reed , C. and Macagno , F. 2008 . Argumentation schemes , New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Webb , N. M. , Franke , M. L. , Ing , M. , Chan , A. , De , T. , Freund , D. and Battey , D. 2008 . The role of teacher instructional practices in student collaboration . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 33 : 360 – 381 .
  • Wegerif , R. , Mercer , N. and Dawes , L. 1999 . From social interaction to individual reasoning: An empirical investigation of a possible socio-cultural model of cognitive development . Learning and Instruction , 9 : 493 – 516 .
  • Weinberger , A. , Stegmann , K. and Fischer , F. 2005 . “ Computer supported collaborative learning in higher education: Scripts for argumentative knowledge construction in distributed groups ” . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning CSCL 2005 , Edited by: Koschmann , T. , Suthers , D. and Chan , T. W. 717 – 726 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Wiley , J. and Voss , J. F. 1999 . Constructing arguments from multiple sources: Tasks that promote understanding and not just memory for text . Journal of Educational Psychology , 91 : 301 – 311 .
  • Williamson , J. 2005 . Bayesian nets and causality , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Windschitl , M. and Thompson , J. 2006 . Transcending simple forms of school science investigation: The impact of preservice instruction on teachers' understandings of model-based inquiry . American Education Research Journal , 43 : 783 – 835 .
  • Yeh , S. S. 1998 . Empowering education: Teaching argumentative writing to cultural minority middle school students . Research in the Teaching of English , 33 : 49 – 83 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.