Stronger Together? Tourists’ Behavioral Responses to Joint Brand Advertising

References

• Armenski, T., L. Dwyer, and V. Pavlukovic. 2018. Destination competitiveness: Public and private sector tourism management in Serbia. Journal of Travel Research 57 (3):384–98. doi:10.1177/0047287517692445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aujla, M., and J. Kaur. 2017. Co-branding: An ideal marriage or a recipe for disaster!! Biz and Bytes 8 (1):239–43.
   Google Scholar
• Bakalash, T., and H. Riemer. 2013. Exploring ad-elicited emotional arousal and memory for the ad using fMRI. Journal of Advertising 42 (4):275–91. doi:10.1080/00913367.2013.768065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, W. E., H. Honea, and C. A. Russell. 2004. DO NOT WAIT TO REVEAL THE BRAND NAME: The effect of brand-name placement on television advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising 33 (3):77–85. doi:10.1080/00913367.2004.10639170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltas, G. 2003. Determinants of internet advertising effectiveness: An emprical study. International Journal of Market Research 45 (4):1–513. doi:10.1177/147078530304500403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastakis, C., D. Buhalis, and R. Butler. 2004. The perception of small and medium sized tourism accommodation providers on the impacts of the tour operators’ power in Eastern Mediterranean. Tourism Management 25 (2):151–70. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00098-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgarth, C. 2004. Evaluations of co-brands and spill-over effects: Further empirical results. Journal of Marketing Communications 10 (2):115–31. doi:10.1080/13527260410001693802
   Google Scholar
• Benur, A., M., and B. Bramwell. 2015. Tourism product development and product diversification in destinations. Tourism Management 50:213–24. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch, P. H. 1986. The product enthusiast: Implications for marketing strategy. Journal of Consumer Marketing 3 (3):51–62. doi:10.1108/eb008170
   Google Scholar
• Brand USA. 2020. Co-operative marketing. Accessed February 05, 2020. thebrandusa.com/partners/programs/consumer-co-op.
   Google Scholar
• Brexendorf, T. O., and K. L. Keller. 2017. Leveraging the corporate brand: The importance of corporate brand innovativeness and brand architecture. European Journal of Marketing 51 (9/10):1530–51. doi:10.1108/EJM-07-2017-0445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2020. Thomas Cook collapse: What happened to its planes? Accessed 23 February, 2020. bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-50055165.
   Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D. 2000. Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management 21 (1):97–116. doi:10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D. 2019. Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: A perspective article. Tourism Review 75 (1):267–72. doi:10.1108/TR-06-2019-0258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., and J. C. Crotts. 2000. Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., and E. Laws. 2001. Tourism distribution channels: Practices, issues and transformations. Andover, UK: Cengage Learning EMEA.
   Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D., and R. Leung. 2018. Smart hospitality—Interconnectivity and interoperability towards an ecosystem. International Journal of Hospitality Management 71:41–50. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhalis, D, and Y. Sinarta. 2019 Real-time co-creation and nowness service: Lessons from tourism and hospitality. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 36 (5):563–82.
   Google Scholar
• Byun, J., and S. (S). Jang. 2015. Effective destination advertising: Matching effect between advertising and destination type. Tourism Management 50 (1):31–40. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandon, J. L., M. S. Chtourou, and D. F. Fortin. 2003. Effects of configuration and exposure levels on responses to web advertisements. Journal of Advertising Research 43 (2):217–29. doi:10.2501/JAR-43-2-217-229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran, D., R. Srinivasan, and D. Sihi. 2018. Effects of offline ad content on online brand search: insights from super bowl advertising. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 46 (3):403–30. doi:10.1007/s11747-017-0551-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, W.-L. 2009. Using multi-criteria decision aid to rank and select co-branding partners: From a brand personality perspective. Kybernetes 38 (6):950–65. doi:10.1108/03684920910973171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri, A. 2002. How brand reputation affects the advertising-brand equity link. Journal of Advertising Research 42 (3):33–43. doi:10.2501/JAR-42-3-33-43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheah, J.-H., H. Ting, T. Huei Cham, and M. A. Memon. 2019. The effect of selfie promotion and celebrity endorsed advertisement on decision-making processes: A model comparison. Internet Research 29 (3):552–77. doi:10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0530
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H., Z. Dong, G. Li, and H. Zhao. 2020. Joint advertisement and trade-in marketing strategy in closed-loop supply chain. Sustainability 12 (6):2188. doi:10.3390/su12062188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi, H.-K., K.-C. Huang, and H. M. Nguyen. 2020. Elements of destination brand equity and destination familiarity regarding travel intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 52:101728. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelis, P. C. M. 2010. Effects of co-branding in the theme park industry: A preliminary study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 22 (6):775–96. doi:10.1108/09596111011063089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czernek, K., W. Czakon, and P. Marszałek. 2017. Trust and formal contracts: Complements or substitutes? A study of tourism collaboration in Poland. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6 (4):318–26. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• d’Angella, F., and F. M. Go. 2009. Tale of two cities’ collaborative tourism marketing: Towards a theory of destination stakeholder asessment. Tourism Management 30 (3):429–40. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pelsmacker, P., and W. Janssens. 2007. A model for fair trade buying behavior: The role of perceived quantity and quality of information and of product-specific attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics 75 (4):361–80. doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9259-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Souza, J., L. Mendes-Filho, and D. Buhalis. 2020. Evaluating the effectiveness of tourist promotions to improve the competitiveness of destinations. Tourism Economics 26 (6):1001–20. doi:10.1177/1354816619846748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rio, A. B., R. Vazquez, and V. Iglesias. 2001. The effect of brand associations on consumer response. Journal of Consumer Marketing 18 (5):410–25. doi:10.1108/07363760110398808
   Google Scholar
• Ekinci, Y. 2003. From destination image to destination branding: An emerging area of research. e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 1 (2):21–4.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes, T., and M. Moreira. 2019. Consumer brand engagement, satisfaction and brand loyalty: A comparative study between functional and emotional brand relationships. Journal of Product & Brand Management 28 (2):274–86. doi:10.1108/JPBM-08-2017-1545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetscherin, M., F. Guzman, C. Veloutsou, and R. R. Cayolla. 2019. Latest research on brand relationships: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Product & Brand Management 28 (2):133–9. doi:10.1108/JPBM-12-2018-2167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroudi, P. 2019. Influence of brand signature, brand attitude, brand reputation on hotel industry’s brand performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management 76:271–85. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.05.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fyall, A., and B. Garrod. 2005. Tourism marketing: A collaborative approach. 2nd ed. London: Channel View Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Fyall, A., and B. Garrod. 2019. Destination management: A perspective article. Tourism Review 75 (1):165–9. doi:10.1108/TR-07-2019-0311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, B., and D. J. Wood. 1991. Collaborative alliances: Moving from practice to theory. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 27 (1):3–22. doi:10.1177/0021886391271001
   Google Scholar
• Gray, B. 1989. Negotiations: Arenas for reconstructing meaning. Working paper, Pennsylvania State University, Center for Research in Conflict Negotiations, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Gretzel, U., Z. Zarezadeh, Y. Li, and Z. Xiang. 2019. The evolution of travel information search research: A perspective article. Tourism Review 75 (1):319–23. doi:10.1108/TR-06-2019-0279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurrea, R., C. Orus, and C. Flavian. 2013. The role of symbols signalling the product status on online users' information processing. Online Information Review 37 (1), 8–27.
   Google Scholar
• Gursoy, D., and K. W. McCleary. 2004. An integrative model of tourists’ information search behavior. Annals of Tourism Research 31 (2):353–73. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, and R. E. Anderson. 2014. Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Essex: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., L. M. Matthews, R. L. Matthews, and M. Sarstedt. 2017. PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis 1 (2):107–23. doi:10.1504/IJMDA.2017.10008574
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. 2018. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. 2nd ed. London: The Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helmig, B., J.-A. Huber, and P. S. H. Leeflang. 2008. Co-branding: The state of the art. Schmalenbach Business Review 60 (4):359–77. doi:10.1007/BF03396775
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. C. 2017. From rhetoric to reality? The ASEAN inter-governmental alliance and tourism. Tourism Planning & Development 14 (1):50–64. doi:10.1080/21568316.2016.1155075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoch, S. J., and J. Deighton. 1989. Managing what consumers learn from experience. Journal of Marketing 53 (2):1–20. doi:10.1177/002224298905300201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hur, W.-M., H. Kim, and J. Woo. 2014. How CSR leads to corporata brand equity: Mediating mechanisms of corporate brand credibility and reputation. Journal of Business Ethics 125 (1):75–86. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1910-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inversini, A., and D. Buhalis. 2009. Information convergence in the long tail: The case of tourism destination information. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 381–92. Vienna: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Jeon, J. O., and S. Baeck. 2016. What drives consumer’s response to brand crisis? The moderating roles of brand associations and brand-customer relationship strenght. Journal of Product & Brand Management 25 (6):550–67. doi:10.1108/JPBM-10-2014-0725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, D. R., J. B. Loken, K. Kim, and A. B. Monga. 2006. Brand concept maps: A methodology for identifying brand association networks. Journal of Marketing Research 43 (4):549–63. doi:10.1509/jmkr.43.4.549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalilzadeh, J., and Y. Wang. 2018. The economics of attitudes: A different approach to utility functions of players in tourism marketing coalitional networks. Tourism Management 65:14–28. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S., X. Lehto, and J. Kandampully. 2019. The role of familiarity in consumer destination image formation. Tourism Review 74 (4):885–901. doi:10.1108/TR-10-2018-0141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kladou, S., A. Giannopoulos, and I. Assiouras. 2014. Matching tourism type and destination image perceptions in a country context. Journal of Place Management and Development 7 (2):141–52. doi:10.1108/JPMD-11-2013-0024
   Google Scholar
• Kohli, C., R. Suri, and M. Thakor. 2002. Creating effective logos: Insights from theory and practice. Business Horizons 45 (3):58–64. doi:10.1016/S0007-6813(02)00203-3
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M., and D. Buhalis. 2019. Cross-border tourism destination marketing: Prerequisites and critical success factors. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 14:100392. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, A., and H. Gierl. 2017. The logo matters: The effect of the logo type on the attitude towards co-products. International Journal of Advertising 36 (5):743–60. doi:10.1080/02650487.2017.1340926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, G. M., P. K. Kannan, W. Wendy, and W. Moe. 2012. Using online search data to forecast new product sales. Decision Support Systems 52 (3):604–11. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2011.10.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. Y., and F. Shen. 2009. Joint advertising and brand congruity: Effects on memory and attitudes. Journal of Promotion Management 15 (4):484–98. doi:10.1080/10496490903276874
   Google Scholar
• Litman, J. A. 2007. Curiosity as a feeling of interest and feeling of deprivation: The I/D model of curiosity. In Issues in the psychology of motivation, ed. Paula R. Zelick, 149–56. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Mariani, M. M., D. Buhalis, C. Longhi, and Q. Vitouladiti. 2014. Managing change in tourism destinations: Key issues and current trends. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2 (4):269–72. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. 2020. The impact of the coronavirus outbreak on Macao. From tourism lockdown to tourism recovery. Current Issues in Tourism. doi:10.1080/13683500.2020.1762549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney, W. B., M. F. Hazeldine, and S. K. Chawla. 2009. An analysis of the effects of cooperative advertising on tourism. Tourism Analysis 14 (5):573–86. doi:10.3727/108354209X12597959359095
   Google Scholar
• Middleton, V., A. Fyall, M. Morgan, and A. Ranchhod. 2009. Marketing in travel and tourism. 4th ed. London: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Mistilis, N., D. Buhalis, and U. Gretzel. 2014. Future eDestination marketing: Perspective of an Australian tourism stakeholder network. Journal of Travel Research 53 (6):778–13. doi:10.1177/0047287514522874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinillo, S., F. Liébana-Cabanillas, R. Anaya-Sánchez, and D. Buhalis. 2018. Destination Management Organisations (DMO) online platforms: Image and intention to visit. Tourism Management 65:116–30. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naipaul, S., Y. Wang, and F. Okumus. 2009. Regional destination marketing: A collaborative approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 26 (5–6):462–81. doi:10.1080/10548400903162998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newmeyer, C., E. Venkatesh, R. J. A. Ruth, and R. Chatterjee. 2018. A typology of brand alliances and consumer awareness of brand alliance integration. Marketing Letters 29 (3):275–89. doi:10.1007/s11002-018-9467-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, C., J. Romaniuk, J. Cohen, and M. Faulkner. 2020. When retailers and manufacturers advertise together; examining the effect of co-operative advertising on ad reach and memorability. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 55:102080. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, C., J. Romaniuk, M. Faulkner, and J. Cohen. 2018. Are two brands better than one? Investigating the effects of co-branding in advertising on audience memory. Marketing Letters 29 (1):37–48. doi:10.1007/s11002-017-9444-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, A., and D. Bejou. 1995. Tourism destination marketing alliances. Annals of Tourism Research 22 (3):616–29. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(95)00010-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paraskevas, A., I. Katsogridakis, R. Law, and D. Buhalis. 2011. Search engine marketing: Transforming search engines into hotel distribution channels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 52 (2):200–8. doi:10.1177/1938965510395016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, C. W., S. Y. Jun, and A. D. Shocker. 1996. Composite branding alliance: An investigation of extension and feedback effects. Journal of Marketing Research 33 (4):453–66. doi:10.2307/3152216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., and J. L. Nicolau. 2015. Differentiated effect of advertising: Joint vs. separate consumption. Tourism Management 47:107–14. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisierra, V. J., W. B. McKinney, and S. K. Chawla. 1999. Tourism and cooperative advertising: Do they mix? Services Marketing Quarterly 19 (1):45–59. doi:10.1080/15332969.1999.9985357
   Google Scholar
• Prayag, G., S. Hosany, B. Muskat, and G. Del Chiappa. 2017. Understanding the relationships between tourists’ emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research 56 (1):41–54. doi:10.1177/0047287515620567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez, O., S. Andres, C. Veloutsou, and A. Morgan-Thomas. 2019. I hate what you love: Brand polarization and negativity towards brands as an opportunity for brand management. Journal of Product & Brand Management 28 (5):614–32. doi:10.1108/JPBM-03-2018-1811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, A. R., and R. W. Ruekert. 1994. Brand alliances as signals of product quality. Sloan Management Review 36 (1):87–97.
   Google Scholar
• Riaz, K., and R. Ahmed. 2016. Gauging audiences’ message recall through brand element placement in televised commercials. Journal of Business Studies 12 (2):126–36.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, H., A. Wysocka, and C. Hand. 2007. Internet advertising effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising 26 (4):527–41. doi:10.1080/02650487.2007.11073031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. 2003. Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Romaniuk, J. 2013. Is there room for two brands in one advertisement? Journal of Advertising Research 53 (3):247–50. doi:10.2501/JAR-53-3-247-250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter, J. R., and L. Percy. 2017. Methodological guidelines for advertising research. Journal of Advertising 46 (1):71–82. doi:10.1080/00913367.2016.1182088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sama, R. 2019. Impact of media advertisements on consumer behavior. Journal of Creative Communications 14 (1):54–68. doi:10.1177/0973258618822624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samu, S. H., S. Krishnan, and R. E. Smith. 1999. Using advertising alliances for new product introduction: Interactions between product complementarity and promotional strategies. Journal of Marketing 63 (1):57–74. doi:10.2307/1252001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheinbaum, A. C., S. Hampel, and M. Kang. 2017. Future developments in IMC: Why e-mail with video trumps text-only e-mails for brands. European Journal of Marketing 51 (3):627–45. doi:10.1108/EJM-09-2015-0624
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaouf, A. A. B. 2018. Revising the effects of online advertising attributes on consumer processing and response. International Journal of Marketing Studies 10 (1):39–53. doi:10.5539/ijms.v10n1p39
   Google Scholar
• Simonin, B. L., and J. A. Ruth. 1998. Is a company reputed by the company it keeps? Assessing the spillover effects on brand alliances on consumer brand attitudes. Journal of Marketing Research 35 (1):30–42. doi:10.2307/3151928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skavronskaya, L., N. Scott, B. Moyle, and A. Kralj. 2019. The psychology of novelty in memorable tourism experiences. Current Issues in Tourism 1–16. doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1664422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, B., E. Vanman, N. Hartley, and I. Phau. 2016. The emotion of interest and its relevance to consumer psychology and behavior. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) 24 (4):337–43. doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2016.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swait, J., and T. Erdem. 2007. Brand effects on choice and choice set formation under uncertainty. Marketing Science 26 (5):679–97. doi:10.1287/mksc.1060.0260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travel Weekly. 2020. Thomas Cook ceases trading after failing to salvage rescue deal. accessed February 23 2020. travelweekly.co.uk/articles/343268/updated-thomas-cook-ceases-trading-after-failing-to-salvage-rescue-deal.
   Google Scholar
• Veloutsou, C., and F. Guzman. 2017. The evolution of brand management thinking over the last 25 years as recorded in the Journal of Product and Brand Management. Journal of Product & Brand Management 26 (1):2–12. doi:10.1108/JPBM-01-2017-1398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veloutsou, C., and L. Moutinho. 2009. Brand relationships through brand reputation and brand tribalism. Journal of Business Research 62 (3):314–22. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viglia, G., and S. Dolnicar. 2020. A review of experiments in tourism and hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research 80:102858. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2020.102858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriens, M., S. Chen, and J. Schomaker. 2019. The evaluation of a brand association metric. Journal of Product & Brand Management 28 (1):104–16. doi:10.1108/JPBM-02-2018-1768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. 2008. Collaborative destination marketing: Roles and strategies of convention and visitor bureaus. Journal of Vacation Marketing 14 (3):191–209.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., and D. R. Fesenmaier. 2007. Collaborative destination marketing: A case study of Elkhart county, Indiana. Tourism Management 28 (3):863–75. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.02.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., J. Hutchinson, F. Okumus, and S. Naipaul. 2013. Colaborative marketing in a regional destination: Evidence from Central Florida. International Journal of Tourism Research 15 (3):285–97. doi:10.1002/jtr.1871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., A. Japutra, and S. Molinillo. 2020. Branded premiums in tourism destination promotion. Tourism Review 76. doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Y. Li, B. Wu, and Y. Wang. 2020. Tourism destination image based on tourism user generated content on internet. Tourism Review 76. doi:10.1108/TR-04-2019-0132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, J., M. Kozak, S. Yang, and F. Liu. 2020. COVID-19: Potential effects on Chinese citizens’ lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review 76. doi:10.1108/TR-03-2020-0110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapata, M. J., and C. M. Hall. 2012. Public-private collaboration in the tourism sector: Balancing legitimacy and effectiveness in local tourism partnerships. The Spanish case. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure & Events 4 (1):61–83. doi:10.1080/19407963.2011.634069
   Google Scholar
• Zavattaro, S. M., and D. L. Fay. 2019. Brand USA: A natural quasi-experiment evaluating the success of a national marketing campaign. Tourism Management 70:42–8. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Y. Wu, and D. Buhalis. 2018. A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 8:326–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar