Substance use among bi/multiracial youth in the United States: Profiles of psychosocial risk and protection

References

• Pew Research Center. Multiracial in America: Proud, diverse, and growing numbers; 2015. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/06/11/multiracial-in-america/.
   Google Scholar
• Humes KR, Jones NA, Ramirez RR. Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs. Washington (DC): U.S. Census Bureau; 2011. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jones NA, Bullock JJ. The two or more races population: 2010. Pub. No. C2010BR-13. Washington (DC): U.S. Census Bureau; 2012. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• U. S. Census Bureau. An older more diverse national by midcentury; 2008. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb08-123.html.
   Google Scholar
• Lee J, Bean FD. America’s changing color lines: Race/ethnicity, immigration, and multiracial identification. Annu Rev Sociol 2004;30:221–42. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J, Edmonston B, eds. The new Americans: economic, demographic, and fiscal effects of immigration. Washington (DC): National Research Council, National Academy Press; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Udry JR, Li RM, Hendrickson-Smith J. Health and behavior risks of adolescents with mixed-race identity. Am J Public Health 2003;93:1865–70. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.11.1865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi Y, Harachi TW, Gillmore MR, Catalano RF. Are multiracial adolescents at greater risk? Comparisons of rates, patterns, and correlates of substance use and violence between monoracial and multiracial adolescents. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2006;76:86–97. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi Y, He M, Herrenkohl TI, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Multiple identification and risks: Examination of peer factors across multiracial and single-race youth. J Youth Adolesc 2012;41:847–62. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9750-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funderburg L. Black, white, other. New York, NY: Morrow; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson KF, LeCroy C. The influence of race on substance use and negative activity involvement among monoracial and multiracial adolescents of the Southwest. J Drug Educ 2009;39:195–210. doi:10.2190/DE.39.2.f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark TT, Corneille M, Coman E. Developmental trajectories of alcohol use among monoracial and biracial Black adolescents and adults. J Psychoactive Drugs 2013;45:249–57. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.805980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark TT, Nguyen AB, Kropko J. Epidemiology of drug use among biracial/ethnic youth and young adults: Results from a US population-based survey. J Psychoactive Drugs 2013;45:99–111. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.785804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark TT, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Whitfield KE. Everyday discrimination and mood and substance use disorders: A latent profile analysis with African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. Addict Behav 2015;40:119–25. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Survey of Drug Use and Health; 2016. [accessed 2017 Jan 1]. https://nsduhweb.rti.org/respweb/confidentiality.html.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Maynard BR, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Peters KE. Who are truant youth? Examining distinctive profiles of truant youth using latent profile analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2012;41:1671–84. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9788-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziol-Guest KM, McKenna C. Early childhood residential instability and school readiness: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Center for Research on Child Wellbeing Working Paper 2009-21-FF. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Todic J, Córdova D, Perron BE. Trends in the disapproval and use of marijuana among adolescents and young adults in the United States: 2002–2013. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2015;41:392–404. doi:10.3109/00952990.2015.1049493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt JK, Magidson J. Latent GOLD 5.0 upgrade manual. Belmont (MA): Statistical Innovations; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• McLachlan G, Peel D. Finite mixture models. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 14. College Station (TX): StataCorp LP; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Chen H, Cohen P, Chen S. How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Comm Stat Simul Comput 2010;39:860–64. doi:10.1080/03610911003650383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, DeLisi M, Maynard BR. Violence and externalizing behavior among youth in the United States: Is there a severe 5%? Youth Violence Juv Justice 2014;12:3–21. doi:10.1177/1541204013478973.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright CP, Lombe M, Vaughn MG, Maynard BR. Do adolescents who regularly attend religious services stay out of trouble? Results from a national sample. Youth Soc 2016;48:856–81. doi:10.1177/0044118X14521222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright CP, Nelson E, Vaughn MG, Reingle Gonzalez JM, Córdova D. Trends in fighting and violence among adolescents in the United States, 2002–2014. Am J Publ Health 2017;107:977–82. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Reingle Gonzalez JM. Drug abuse and antisocial behavior: a biosocial life-course approach. New York (NY): Palgrave Macmillan; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Brody GH, Murry VM, Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Molgaard V, McNair L, … Chen YF. The Strong African American Families program: translating research into prevention programming. Child Dev 2004;75:900–17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00713.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Kuklinski MR. Communities that care. In: Bruinsma G, Weisburd D, eds. Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. New York (NY): Springer; 2014. p. 393–408.
   Google Scholar
• Catalano RF, Hawkins JD, Berglund ML, Pollard JA, Arthur MW. Prevention science and positive youth development: Competitive or cooperative frameworks? J Adolesc Health 2002;31:230–39. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00496-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera EM, Shin RQ. Promoting strengths in a socially toxic world: Supporting resiliency with systemic interventions. Couns Psychol 2006;34:80–89. doi:10.1177/0011000005282365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter M. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1987;57:316–31. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, Reingle-Gonzalez JM. Addiction and crime: The importance of asymmetry in offending and the life-course. J Addict Dis 2016. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1189658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar