References
- Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Chou SP, Jung J, Zhang H, Pickering RP, Ruan WJ, Smith SM, Huang B, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:757–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584.
- Sacks JJ, Gonzales KR, Bouchery EE, Tomedi LE, Brewer RD. 2010 national and state costs of excessive alcohol consumption. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49:e73–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.031.
- Ray LAP, Bujarski SP, Grodin EP, Hartwell EP, Green RM, Venegas AB, Lim AM, Gillis AM, Miotto KM. State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45:124–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1528265.
- Koob GF, Roberts AJ, Schulteis G, Parsons LH, Heyser CJ, Hyytia P, Merlo-Pich E, Weiss F. Neurocircuitry targets in ethanol reward and dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22:3–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03611.x.
- Heilig M, Koob GF. A key role for corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol dependence. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30:399–406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.006.
- Koob GF, Le Moal M. Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the ‘dark side’ of drug addiction. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:1442–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1105-1442.
- Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35:217–238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.110.
- Kalivas PW. The glutamate homeostasis hypothesis of addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:561–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2515.
- Belin D. Pattern of intake and drug craving predict the development of cocaine addiction-like behavior in rats. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.031.
- Addolorato G, Vassallo GA, Antonelli G, Antonelli M, Tarli C, Mirijello A, Agyei-Nkansah A, Mentella MC, Ferrarese D, Mora V, et al. Alcohol related disease C. binge drinking among adolescents is related to the development of alcohol use disorders: results from a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2018;8:12624. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29311-y.
- Gilpin NW, Richardson HN, Cole M, Koob GF. Vapor inhalation of alcohol in rats. Current protocols in neuroscience/editorial board, Jacqueline N. Crawley. [et al.]; 2008. CHAPTER, Unit–9.29.
- Bell RL, Hauser SR, Liang T, Sari Y, Maldonado-Devincci A, Rodd ZA.Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders. Neuropharmacology. 2017;122:201–43.
- Vendruscolo LF, Roberts AJ. Operant alcohol self-administration in dependent rats: focus on the vapor model. Alcohol. 2014;48:277–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.08.006.
- Weiss F. Alcohol self-administration. In: Olmstead MC, editor. Animal models of drug addiction. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2011. p. 133–66.
- Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Alcohol consumption measures. In: Allen JP, Wilson VB, Health U.S.D.o., Services H., Abuse N.I.o.A., Alcoholism, editors. Assessing alcohol problems: a guide for clinicians and researchers. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 1995. p. 55–73.
- Sobell LC, Sobell MB. Timeline follow-back. In: Litten RZ, Allen JP, editors. Measuring alcohol consumption: psychosocial and biochemical methods. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 1992. p. 41–72.
- Skinner HA, Sheu WJ. Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST. J Stud Alcohol. 1982;43:1157–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1982.43.1157.
- Gruenewald PJ, Russell M, Light J, Lipton R, Searles J, Johnson F, Trevisan M, Freudenheim J, Muti P, Carosella AM, et al. One drink to a lifetime of drinking: temporal structures of drinking patterns. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002;26:916–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02622.x.
- Lemmens PH, Volovics L, Haan YD. Measurement of lifetime exposure to alcohol: data quality of a self-administered questionnaire and impact on risk assessment. Contemp Drug Probl. 1997;24:581–600. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/009145099702400308.
- Ondersma SJ, Winhusen T, Lewis DF. Pre-treatment change in a randomized trial with pregnant substance-abusing women in community-based outpatient treatment. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012;33:1074–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2012.06.002.
- Stasiewicz PR, Bradizza CM, Ruszczyk MU, Lucke JF, Zhao J, Linn B, Slosman KS, Dermen KH. The Identification of Pretreatment trajectories of alcohol use and their relationship to treatment outcome in men and women with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019;43:2637–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14216.
- Baskerville WA, Nieto SJ, Ho D, Towns B, Grodin EN, Li C, Burnette E, et al. Baseline drinking patterns in non-treatment seeking problem drinkers. Alcohol Alcohol. (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 2021;56:57–63.
- Allen JP, Litten RZ, Anton R. Measures of alcohol consumption in perspective. In: Litten RZ, Allen JP, editors. Measuring alcohol consumption: psychosocial and biochemical methods. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 1992. p. 205–26.
- Thomas DC. Invited commentary: is it time to retire the “pack-years” variable? Maybe not! Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179:299–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt274.
- Khan JC, Thurlby DA, Shahid H, Clayton DG, Yates JR, Bradley M, Moore AT, Bird AC. Smoking and age related macular degeneration: the number of pack years of cigarette smoking is a major determinant of risk for both geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:75–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.073643.
- Zhang X, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Geng X, Yang Y, Stein EA. Factors underlying prefrontal and insula structural alterations in smokers. Neuroimage. 2011;54:42–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.008.
- Grodin EN, Lin H, Durkee CA, Hommer DW, Momenan R. Deficits in cortical, diencephalic and midbrain gray matter in alcoholism measured by VBM: effects of co-morbid substance abuse. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:469–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.013.
- Yang X, Tian F, Zhang H, Zeng J, Chen T, Wang S, Jia Z, Gong Q. Cortical and subcortical gray matter shrinkage in alcohol-use disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;66:92–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.034.
- York JL. The drinking day as a unit of exposure in the epidemiology of alcohol-related medical disorders. Alcohol. 1998;16:231–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-8329(98)00007-X.
- Duan Y, Wang A, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen S, Zhao Q, Li X, Wu S, Yang L. Cumulative alcohol consumption and stroke risk in men. J Neurol. 2019;266:2112–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09361-6.
- Moallem NR, Courtney KE, Bacio GA, Ray LA. Modeling alcohol use disorder severity: an integrative structural equation modeling approach. Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:75–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00075.
- Bujarski S, Jentsch JD, Roche DJO, Ramchandani VA, Miotto K, Ray LA. Differences in the subjective and motivational properties of alcohol across alcohol use severity: application of a novel translational human laboratory paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43:1891–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0086-9.
- Stranges S, Bonner MR, Fucci F, Cummings KM, Freudenheim JL, Dorn JM, Muti P, Giovino GA, Hyland A, Trevisan M. Lifetime cumulative exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of myocardial infarction in never smokers: results from the Western New York health study, 1995-2001. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1961–67. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.18.1961.
- Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88:791–804. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x.
- Flannery BA, Volpicelli JR, Pettinati HM. Psychometric properties of the penn alcohol craving scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:1289–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04349.x.
- Cooper ML. Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychol Assess. 1994;6:117–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.117.
- First MB, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS, Spitzer RL. SCID-5-PD: structured clinical interview for DSM-5® personality disorders. 2016.
- Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. BDI-II, Beck depression inventory: manual. 1996.
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893.
- Hair JF, Hult GTM, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2014.
- Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale (NJ): L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
- Topiwala A, Allan CL, Valkanova V, Zsoldos E, Filippini N, Sexton C, Mahmood A, Fooks P, Singh-Manoux A, Mackay CE, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study. Bmj. 2017;357:j2353. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j2353.
- Chikritzhs T, Stockwell T, Naimi T, Andreasson S, Dangardt F, Liang W. Has the leaning tower of presumed health benefits from ‘moderate’ alcohol use finally collapsed? Addiction. 2015;110:726–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12828.
- Kunzmann AT, Coleman HG, Huang W-Y, Berndt SI. The association of lifetime alcohol use with mortality and cancer risk in older adults: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15:e1002585–e1002585. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002585.
- George O, Koob GF.Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19:217–29.
- Higgins-Biddle JC, Babor TF. A review of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), AUDIT-C, and USAUDIT for screening in the United States: past issues and future directions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2018;44:578–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1456545.
- O’Dell LE, Roberts AJ, Smith RT, Koob GF. Enhanced alcohol self-administration after intermittent versus continuous alcohol vapor exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28:1676–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000145781.11923.4E.
- Wise RA.The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence. Pharmacol Ther. 1987;35:227–63.
- Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ. The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1444–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI18533.