References
- Alexander, M. (2010). The new jim crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. The New Press.
- Anderson, K. P., Egalite, A. J., & Mills, J. N. (2019). Discipline reform: The impact of a statewide ban on suspensions for truancy. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 24(1), 68–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2018.1537794
- Anderson, K. P. (2018). Inequitable compliance: Implementation failure of a statewide student discipline reform. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(2), 244–263. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2018.1435052
- Anderson, K. P. (2020). Academic, attendance, and behavioral outcomes of a suspension reduction policy: Lessons for school leaders and policy makers. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(3), 435–471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19861138
- Bazemore, G., Stinchcomb, J. B., & Leip, L. A. (2004). Scared smart or bored straight? Testing deterrence logic in an evaluation of police-led truancy intervention. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 269–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820400095811
- Birkett, M., Russell, S. T., & Corliss, H. L. (2014). Sexual-orientation disparities in school: The mediational role of indicators of victimization in achievement and truancy because of feeling unsafe. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1124–1128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301785
- Burton, C. M., Marshal, M. P., & Chisolm, D. J. (2014). School absenteeism and mental health among sexual minority youth and heterosexual youth. Journal of School Psychology, 52(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2013.12.001
- Chang, H. N., & Romero, M. (2008). Present, engaged, and accounted for: The critical importance of addressing chronic absence in the early grades. Issue September.
- Chen, C. C., Culhane, D. P., Metraux, S., Park, J. M., & Venable, J. C. (2016). The heterogeneity of truancy among urban middle school students: A latent class growth analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1066–1075. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0295-3
- Childs, J., & Grooms, A. A. (2018). Improving school attendance through collaboration: A catalyst for community involvement and change. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 23(1–2), 122–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2018.1439751
- Conry, J. M., & Richards, M. P. (2018). The severity of state truancy policies and chronic absenteeism. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 23(1–2), 187–203. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2018.1439752
- Cuffe, H. E., Waddell, G. R., & Bignell, W. (2017). Can school sports reduce racial gaps in truancy and achievement? Economic Inquiry, 55(4), 1966–1985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12452
- Eaton, D. K., Brener, N., & Kann, L. K. (2008). Associations of health risk behaviors with school absenteeism. Does having permission for the absence make a difference?: Research article. Journal of School Health, 78(4), 223–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00290.x
- Eberhardt, J. L., Goff, P. A., Purdie, V. J., & Davies, P. G. (2004). Seeing Black: Race, crime, and visual processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 876–893. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876
- Fantuzzo, J., Grim, S., & Hazan, H. (2005). Project start: An evaluation of a community-wide school-based intervention to reduce truancy. Psychology in the Schools, 42(6), 657–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20103
- Flannery, K. B., Frank, J. L., & Kato, M. M. G. (2012). School disciplinary responses to truancy: Current practice and future directions. Journal of School Violence, 11(2), 118–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2011.653433
- Garrison, A. H. (2006). “I missed the bus”: School grade transition, the Wilmington truancy center, and reasons youth don’t go to school. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 204–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204006286318
- Gase, L. N., DeFosset, A., Kuo, T., & Perry, R. (2016). Youths’ perspectives on the reasons underlying school truancy and opportunities to improve school attendance. Qualitative Report, 21(2), 299–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2231
- Gottfried, M. A. (2009). Excused versus unexcused: How student absences in elementary school affect academic achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31(4), 392–415. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373709342467
- Gottfried, M. A. (2013). Retained students and classmates’ absences in urban schools. American Educational Research Journal, 50(6), 1392–1423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831213498810
- Gottfried, M. A. (2014). Can neighbor attributes predict school absences? Urban Education, 49(2), 216–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085913475634
- Gottfried, M. A. (2017). Does truancy beget truancy? Elementary School Journal, 118(1), 128–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/692938
- Gregory, A., Skiba, R. J., & Noguera, P. A. (2010). The achievement gap and the discipline gap: Two sides of the same coin? Educational Researcher, 39(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09357621
- Grinshteyn, E., & Tony Yang, Y. (2017). The associations between electronic bullying and school absenteeism among high school students in the United States. Journal of School Health, 87(2), 142–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12476
- Guryan, J., Christenson, S., Cureton, A., Lai, I., Ludwig, J., Schwarz, C., Shirey, E., & Turner, M. C. (2020). The effect of mentoring on school attendance and academic outcomes: A randomized evaluation of the check & connect program. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 1–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22264
- Henry, K. L., & Huizinga, D. H. (2007). School-related risk and protective factors associated with truancy among urban youth placed at risk. Journal of Primary Prevention, 28(6), 505–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-007-0115-7
- Henry, K. L., Thornberry, T. P., & Huizinga, D. H. (2009). A discrete-time survival analysis of the relationship between truancy and the onset of marijuana use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2009.70.5
- Henry, K. L., & Thornberry, T. P. (2010). Truancy and escalation of substance use during adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2010.71.115
- Hong, J. H., Hein, S., Slaughter, A. M., Foley Geib, C., Gopalakrishnan, A., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2020). The roles of race, ethnicity, gender, and mental health in predicting truancy recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(6), 649–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820910185
- Hughes, M. R., Gaines, J. S., & Pryor, D. W. (2015). Staying away from school: Adolescents who miss school due to feeling unsafe. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 13(3), 270–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204014538067
- Isom Scott, D. (2020). The new juan crow? Unpacking the links between discrimination and crime for Latinxs. Race and Justice, 10(1), 20–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368717721613
- Iverson, A., French, B. F., Strand, P. S., Gotch, C. M., & McCurley, C. (2018). Understanding school truancy: Risk–need latent profiles of adolescents. Assessment, 25(8), 978–987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116672329
- Kirksey, J., & Gottfried, M. A. (2018). Familiar faces: Can having similar classmates from last year link to better school attendance this year? The Elementary School Journal, 119(2), 223–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/700236
- Lacoe, J., & Steinberg, M. P. (2018). Rolling back zero tolerance: The effect of discipline policy reform on suspension usage and student outcomes. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(2), 207–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2018.1435047
- Lacoe, J., & Steinberg, M. P. (2019). Do suspensions affect student outcomes? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 41(1), 34–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373718794897
- Lane, K. L., Oakes, W. P., Carter, E. W., & Messenger, M. (2015). Examining behavioral risk and academic performance for students transitioning from elementary to middle school. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 17(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300714524825
- Lee, W. F., McNeely, C. A., Rosenbaum, J. E., Alemu, B., & Renner, L. M. (2020). Can court diversion improve school attendance among elementary students? Evidence from five school districts. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 13(4), 625–651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2020.1760976
- Lleras-Muney, A. (2002). Journal of Law and Economics. Were Compulsory Attendance and Child Labor Laws Effective? An Analysis from 1915-1939, 45(2 (Part 1)), 401–436. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/340393
- Marvul, J. N. (2012). If you build it, they will come: A successful truancy intervention program in a small high school. Urban Education, 47(1), 144–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085911427738
- Maynard, B. R., Vaughn, M. G., Nelson, E. J., Salas-Wright, C. P., Heyne, D. A., & Kremer, K. P. (2017). Truancy in the United States: Examining temporal trends and correlates by race, age, and gender. Children and Youth Services Review, 81(August), 188–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.008
- McCluskey, C. P., Bynum, T. S., & Patchin, J. W. (2004). Reducing chronic absenteeism: An assessment of an early truancy initiative. Crime and Delinquency, 50(2), 214–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128703258942
- Mcneal, R. B., Jr. (1999). Parental involvement as social capital: Differential effectiveness on science achievement, truancy, and dropping out. Social Forces, 78(1), 117–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/78.1.117
- Monahan, K. C., VanDerhei, S., Bechtold, J., & Cauffman, E. (2014). From the school yard to the squad car: School discipline, truancy, and arrest. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(7), 1110–1122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0103-1
- Morris, E. W., & Perry, B. L. (2016). The punishment gap: School suspension and racial disparities in achievement. Social Problems, 63(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spv026
- NAACP Legal Defense Fund. (2018). School to prison pipeline. https://www.naacpldf.org/case-issue/school-prison-pipeline/
- Newsome, W. S., Anderson-Butcher, D., Fink, J., Hall, L., & Huffer, J. (2008). The impact of school social work services on student absenteeism and risk factors related to school truancy. School Social Work Journal, 32(2), 21–38. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iassw/sswj/2008/00000032/00000002/art00004
- Noguera, P. A. (2001). Transforming urban schools through investments in the social capital of parents. In S. Saegert, J. P. Thompson, M. R. Warren, & M. Project (Eds.), Social Capital and Poor Communities (pp. 189–212). Russell Sage Foundation.
- Peralta, A. K. (2014). An interrogation and response to the predominant framing of truancy. UCLA Law Review Discourse, 62, 42–64. https://www.uclalawreview.org/an-interrogation-and-response-to-the-predominant-framing-of-truancy-2/
- Reyes, A. (2020). Compulsory school attendance: The new American crime. Education Sciences, 10(75), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10030075
- Ritter, G. W., & Anderson, K. P. (2018). Examining disparities in student discipline: Mapping inequities from infractions to consequences. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2018.1435038
- Rocque, M., & Snellings, Q. (2018). The new disciplinology: Research, theory, and remaining puzzles on the school-to-prison pipeline. Journal of Criminal Justice, 59(Nove-Dec), 3–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.05.002
- Rodríguez, L. F., & Conchas, G. Q. (2009). Preventing truancy and dropout among urban middle school youth: Understanding community-based action from the student’s perspective. Education and Urban Society, 41(2), 216–247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124508325681
- Rothstein, R. (2017). The color of law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. Liveright Publishing Corporation.
- Rovner, J. (2016). Racial disparities in youth commitments and arrests. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/racial-disparities-in-youth-commitments-and-arrests/
- Rubino, L. L., Anderson, V. R., & Campbell, C. A. (2020). An examination of racial/ethnic disparities in truancy court. Crime and Delinquency, 66(1), 33–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128719847456
- Sinha, J. W. (2007). Youth at risk for truancy detour into a faith-based education program: Their perceptions of the program and its impact. Research on Social Work Practice, 17(2), 246–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731506296944
- Skiba, R. J., Arredondo, M. I., & Williams, N. T. (2014). More than a metaphor: The contribution of exclusionary discipline to a school-to-prison pipeline. Equity and Excellence in Education, 47(4), 546–564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.958965
- Skiba, R. (2014). The failure of zero tolerance. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 22(4), 27–34. http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1038609&site=eds-live&scope=site&scope=cite%5Cnhttps://reclaimingjournal.com/sites/default/files/journal-article-pdfs/22_4_Skiba.pdf
- Stafford, M. C., & Warr, M. (1993). A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030002001
- Stone, S., & Uretsky, M. (2016). School correlates of academic behaviors and performance among Mckinney–Vento identified youth. Urban Education, 51(6), 600–628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915602540
- Teasley, M. L. (2004). Absenteeism and truancy: Risk, protection, and best practice implications for school social workers. Children & Schools, 26(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/26.2.117
- Thomas, J. M. (2017). Early truancy evaluation: Replication of an evaluation using a regression discontinuity design. Children and Youth Services Review, 78(May), 150–160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.05.020
- Trujillo, L. A. (2006). School truancy: A case study of a successful truancy reduction model in the public schools. Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 10(1), 69–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0330-1
- U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights. (2014). Civil rights data collection data snapshot: School discipline. March(1). Washington, DC.
- Vaughn, M. G., Maynard, B. R., Salas-Wright, C. P., Perron, B. E., & Abdon, A. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of truancy in the US: Results from a national sample. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 767–776. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.015
- Verma, S., Maloney, P., & Austin, D. W. (2017). The school to deportation pipeline: The perspectives of immigrant students and their teachers on profiling and surveillance within the school system. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 673(1), 209–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217724396
- Wroblewski, A. P., Dowdy, E., Sharkey, J. D., & Kyung Kim, E. (2019). Social-emotional screening to predict truancy severity: Recommendations for educators. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 21(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300718768773
- Zhang, D., Katsiyannis, A., Barrett, D. E., & Willson, V. (2007). Truancy offenders in the juvenile justice system examinations of first and second referrals. Remedial and Special Education, 28(4), 244–256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325070280040401
- Zhang, D., Willson, V., Katsiyannis, A., Barrett, D., Ju, S., & Wu, J.-Y. (2010). Truancy offenders in the juvennile justice system: A multicohort study. Behavioral Disorders, 35(3), 229–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/019874291003500304