When White Parents Aren’t so Nice: The Politics of Anti-CRT and Anti-equity Policy in Post-pandemic America

References

• America First Legal. (2022, June 29). Afl’s center for legal equality files blockbuster lawsuit against Loudoun county public schools for promoting secret gender transitions, distributing pornographic books in the library, forcing children to change in locker rooms with members of the opposite sex, racially discriminating in the name of equity, and financially extorting parents. https://bit.ly/3C59KS0
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. D. (2021, November 30). The missing voices in the panic over critical race theory. Huff Post. https://bit.ly/3oNgvVv
   Google Scholar
• Benito, M. (2023, May 1). ‘This is clearly slander’: Katy ISD school board races get messy as PACS pour money into ads. KHOU 11. https://bit.ly/3OR6Isb
   Google Scholar
• Betz, B. (2022, May 3). Ohio school board votes down school’s ‘diversity day.’ Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/ohio-school-board-votes-down-schools-diversity-day
   Google Scholar
• Black Education Research Collective. (2022). The black studies curriculum: An educational necessity for New York City public schools. Teachers College, Columbia University. https://bit.ly/45GkwvO
   Google Scholar
• Blake, A. (2021, November 3). 4 takeaways on Virginia, New Jersey, and election day 2021. The Washington Post. https://bit.ly/42b5riR
   Google Scholar
• Borter, G., Ax, J., & Tanfani, J. (2022, February 15). School boards get death threats amid rage over race, gender, mask policies. Reuters. https://bit.ly/3qm8ffO
   Google Scholar
• Caracciolo, S. (2022, November 10). Legislation impacting race and education. [PowerPoint slides]. https://bit.ly/44U5uB1
   Google Scholar
• Carr, N. (2022, June 16). White parents rallied to chase a black educator out of town, then, they followed her to the next one. Propublica. https://bit.ly/42l0Ome
   Google Scholar
• Chasmar, J. (2022, April 22). Parent speaks after Sarasota School Board tosses her for what she was ‘about to say’. Fox News. https://bit.ly/3C12UNz
   Google Scholar
• Chenoweth, E., Leung, T., Perkins, N., Pressman, J., & Ulfelder, J. (2021, February 8). The Trump years launched the biggest sustained protest movement in U.S. history. It’s not over. The Washington Post. https://bit.ly/3IQODH0
   Google Scholar
• Cineas, F. (2020, September 24). Critical race theory, and Trump’s war on it, explained. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/24/21451220/critical-race-theory-diversity-training-trump
   Google Scholar
• Cineas, F. (2022, May 17). Where “replacement theory” comes from – and why it refuses to go away. Vox. https://bit.ly/43El17P
   Google Scholar
• Citizens for Renewing America. (2021). Combating critical race theory in your community: An A-Z guide on how to stop critical race theory and reclaim your local school board. https://bit.ly/3IP7r9I
   Google Scholar
• DeVos, B. (n.d.). Critical race theory in our schools. https://betsydevos.com/issues/critical-race-theory/
   Google Scholar
• Diem, S., Welton, A. D., Frankenberg, E., & Holme, J. J. (2016). Racial diversity in the suburbs: How race-neutral responses to demographic change perpetuate inequity in suburban school districts. Race Ethnicity and Education, 19(4), 731–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2014.946485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMarco, B. (2022). Legislative tracker: Parent-rights bills in the states. FutureEd. https://www.future-ed.org/legislative-tracker-parent-rights-bills-in-the-states/
   Google Scholar
• Dorman, S. (2020, September 2). Chris Rufo calls on Trump to end critical race theory ‘cult indoctrination’ in federal government. Fox News. https://bit.ly/43z9pTl
   Google Scholar
• Douglass Horsford, S. (2014). When race enters the room: Improving leadership and learning through racial literacy. Theory into Practice, 53(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2014.885812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglass Horsford, S. (2018). Making America’s schools great now: Reclaiming democracy and activist leadership under Trump. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 50(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2017.1403893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglass Horsford, S., Scott, J. T., & Anderson, G. L. (2019). The politics of education policy in an era of inequality: Possibilities for democratic schooling. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315680682
   Google Scholar
• Executive Order No. 1. (2022). Commonwealth of Virginia, office of the Governor. https://bit.ly/45CAZkt
   Google Scholar
• Executive Order No. 13950, 85, Fed. Reg. 188. (2020, September 22). https://bit.ly/3PxOVWP
   Google Scholar
• Fedor, (2021, November 13). Republicans focus on education in bid to win back suburban America. Financial Times. https://on.ft.com/44H7RH6
   Google Scholar
• Finn, T. (2021, December 15). DeSantis pushes bill targeting critical race theory in schools. NBC News. https://bit.ly/3N34BAk
   Google Scholar
• Geonzon, J., & Davison, M. (2021, December 28). Critical race theory by the numbers: A year of conservative fear mongering over “critical race theory.” Media Matters for America. https://bit.ly/3MGZioU
   Google Scholar
• Gertz, M. (2021, July 21). Fox News ran nearly 80 segments on “critical race theory” in a single Virginia school district. Media Matters for America. https://bit.ly/3N2WSSO
   Google Scholar
• Grossman, H. (2022, October 3). Biden, democrats seek to flood millions into school model with questionable ties to critical race theory. Fox News. https://bit.ly/3WFtwgz
   Google Scholar
• H.B. 1126. (2022). Session (Virginia). https://bit.ly/3C1Cj2S
   Google Scholar
• The Heritage Foundation. (2021). Critical race theory: Knowing it when you see it and fighting it when you can.
   Google Scholar
• Hess, R. (2021, November 5). 5 takeaways for education from Virginia’s governor race. Education Week. https://bit.ly/43gLFDF
   Google Scholar
• Hixenbaugh, M. (2021, November 2). Diversity plan opponents win control of school board in Southlake, Texas. NBC News. https://bit.ly/3OMUdhe
   Google Scholar
• Hodge, E. M., López, F. A., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2022). How to respond to community concerns about critical race theory. Kappan, 104(3), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/00317217221136599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holme, J. J., Diem, S., & Welton, A. (2014). Suburban school districts and demographic change: The technical, normative, and political dimensions of response. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(1), 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X13484038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffe-Walt, C. ( Host). (2020). Nice white parents [ Audio podcast]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/podcasts/nice-white-parents-serial.html
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Z. C. (2022, March 10). Florida legislature passes “stop WOKE act,” second controversial education bill this week. CBS News. https://bit.ly/3OWjGoq
   Google Scholar
• Kingkade, T. (2021, July 12). Critical race theory battles are driving frustrated, exhausted educators out of their jobs. NBC News. https://bit.ly/3WM0qfl
   Google Scholar
• Kingkade, T. (2022, January 20). They fought critical race theory. Now they’re focusing on ‘curriculum transparency.’ NBC News. https://nbcnews.to/3oC7T4b
   Google Scholar
• Kingkade, T., Zadrozny, B., & Collins, B. (2021, June 15). Critical race theory battle invades school boards – with help from conservative groups. NBC News. https://bit.ly/45FnuQT
   Google Scholar
• Leonardo, Z. (2020). The Trump presidency, post-color blindness, and the reconstruction of public race speech. In O. Obasogie (Ed.), Trumpism and its discontents (pp. 18–37). Berkeley Public Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, B. (2021, November 3). OAN pressures school boards over COVID-19 controls and critical race theory. Media Matters for America. https://bit.ly/3MLtsHm
   Google Scholar
• Little, O. (2021, November 12). Unmasking moms for liberty. Media Matters for America. https://www.mediamatters.org/critical-race-theory/unmasking-moms-liberty
   Google Scholar
• Lo, C. Y. H. (2012). Astroturf versus grass roots: Scenes from early tea party mobilization. In L. Rosenthal & C. Trost (Eds.), Steep: The precipitous rise of the tea party (pp. 75–97). University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• López, F., Molnar, A., Johnson, R., Patterson, A., Ward, L., & Kumashiro, K. (2021). Understanding the attacks on critical race theory. National Education Policy Center. https://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/crt
   Google Scholar
• Malin, J. R., & Lubienski, C. (2022). Information pollution in an age of populist politics. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 30(94), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.30.6144
   Google Scholar
• Manhattan Institute. (2021). Woke schooling: A toolkit for concerned parents. https://bit.ly/3sKFquB
   Google Scholar
• Meckler, L., & Natanson, H. (2022, February 14). New critical race theory laws have teachers scared, confused and self-censoring. The Washington Post. https://bit.ly/3MGDp8Z
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, T., Severns, M., & McGraw, M. (2021, June 23). ‘The tea party to the 10th power’: Trumpworld bets big on critical race theory. Politico. https://bit.ly/42l62hQ
   Google Scholar
• Miller, A. (2021, June 30). Social-emotional learning, part 2: How SEL became a vehicle for critical race theory. Idaho Freedom Foundation. https://bit.ly/45yrgvD
   Google Scholar
• Moms for Liberty [@moms4liberty]. (2022, June 19). Over 200 chapters 37 states. Join or start a chapter in your county today! Instagram. https://bit.ly/43xcF1y
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, H. (2022). Resisting the movement to ban critical race theory from schools. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues & Ideas, 95(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098655.2021.2025023
   Google Scholar
• Morris, M. (2016). Standard white: Dismantling white normativity. California Law Review, 104(4), 949–978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, E. (2022, June 7). American’s surprising agreement on teaching race in the classroom. Governing. https://bit.ly/3OJ4vz3
   Google Scholar
• Oliphant, J. (2022, April 6). From school boards to statehouses, conservative moms for liberty push to grow influence. Reuters. https://bit.ly/43hddJl
   Google Scholar
• Pollock, M., Rogers, J., Kwako, A., Matschiner, A., Kendall, R., Bingener, C., Reece, E., Kennedy, B., & Howard, J. (2022). The conflict campaign: Exploring local experiences of the campaign to ban “critical race theory” in public K-12 education in the U.S., 2020-2021. UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access.
   Google Scholar
• Radd, S. I., Generett, G. G., Gooden, M. A., & Theoharis, G. (2021). Five practices for equity-focused school leadership. ASCD.
   Google Scholar
• Reese, R. (2022, November 9). ‘Vote like a mother’: Parental rights groups notch key school board wins across the country. Daily Caller. https://bit.ly/45BP2H5
   Google Scholar
• Riley, C. (2022, April 7). Southwest Missouri high school teacher accused of using critical race theory loses job. Springfield News-Leader. https://bit.ly/3qhYpvt
   Google Scholar
• Rivera McCutchen, R. J. (2014). The moral imperative of social justice leadership: A critical component of effective practice. Urban Review, 46(4), 747–763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-014-0297-2
   Google Scholar
• Rufo, C. F. [ @realchrisrufo]. (2021, March 10). P.P.S. My policy recommendation: Radically decentralize the public school system and give parents the $15,000 a year per child … [ Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/realchrisrufo/status/1369784289718497280
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, C. (2019). In school boards we trust? The potential for educational equity in public education. In Equity alliance blog. Stanford Graduate School of Education. https://bit.ly/43e9kow
   Google Scholar
• Sarfarpour, A. C., Lazer, D., Lin, J., Pippert, C., Druckman, J., Baum, M., Ognyanova, K., Perlis, R. H., Santillana, M., Trujillo, K. L., Uslu, A., Quintana, A., Green, J., Qu, H., & Shere, A. (2021, December). American attitudes toward critical race theory (The COVID States Project: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey, Report 73). The COVID Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States. https://bit.ly/45GXYek
   Google Scholar
• Saul, S. (2021, October 21). Energizing conservative voters, one school board at a time. The New York Times. https://bit.ly/45GpRDm
   Google Scholar
• Schemmel, A. (2021, October 14). Moms for liberty calls for ‘mass exodus’ from public school system. ABC 4 News. https://bit.ly/42gNWNV
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. (2021, July 19). Who’s really driving critical race theory legislation? An investigation. Education Week. https://bit.ly/3WGu066
   Google Scholar
• Serwer, A. (2019, December 23). The fight over the 1619 project is not about the facts. The Atlantic. https://bit.ly/45GWXTy
   Google Scholar
• Siders, D. (2021, July 28). ‘America is not racist’ becomes a GOP 2024 mantra. Politico. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/28/gop-primary-america-racist-2024-500680
   Google Scholar
• Stern, G., & Cutler, N. (2022, May 11). These ‘culture wars’ are turning school boards into political battlegrounds. Lohud. https://bit.ly/3N8a9cY
   Google Scholar
• Stout, C., Park, S., Lyon, D., & Rhor, M. (2021, July 19). How Nikole Hannah-Jones’ 1619 project ignited the critical race theory backlash. Chalkbeat. https://bit.ly/3WEHwal
   Google Scholar
• Trujillo, T., & Douglass Horsford, S. (2021). Critical perspectives in and approaches to educational leadership in the USA. In J. Courtney, H. M. Gunter, R. Niesche, & T. Trujillo (Eds.), Understanding educational leadership: Critical perspectives and approaches (pp. 15–28). Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Trump White House. (2020). Remarks by President Trump at the white house conference on American history. Trump White House Archives. https://bit.ly/3WLYAeG
   Google Scholar
• Turner, E. (2020). Suddenly diverse: How school districts manage race and inequality. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valentino, N. A., Neuner, F. G., & Vandenbroek, L. M. (2017). The changing norms of racial political rhetoric and the end of racial priming. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1086/694845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace-Wells, B. (2021, June 18). How a conservative activist invented the conflict over critical race theory. The New Yorker. https://bit.ly/3NfvW2t
   Google Scholar
• Weiner, D., & Kotch, A. (2021, August 2). ALEC inspires lawmakers to file anti- critical race theory bills. PR Watch. https://bit.ly/3N5lL04
   Google Scholar
• White, R. S., Evans, M. P., & Malin, J. R. (2023). Political battles in suburbia. Kappan, 104(7), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/00317217231156223
   Google Scholar