How audience and disclosure characteristics influence memory of sponsorship disclosures

References

• Anderson, J.R., and G.H. Bower. 1973. Human associative memory. Washington, DC: Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, J.C. 1988. Motivation, ability, and opportunity to process information: Conceptual and experimental manipulation issues. Advances in Consumer Research 15, no. 1: 219–25.
   Google Scholar
• Audiovisual Media Services Directive. 2010. Directive 2010/13/EU of the European parliament and of the council accessed October 15, 2012. Available online at: http://ec.europa.eu/avpolicy/reg/tvwf/index_en.htm
   Google Scholar
• Avery, R.J., and R. Ferraro. 2000. Verisimilitude or advertising? Brand appearances on prime-time television. Journal of Consumer Affairs 34, no. 2: 217–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramanian, S.K., J.A. Karrh, and H. Patwardhan. 2006. Audience response to product placements: An integrative framework and future research agenda. Journal of Advertising 35, no. 3: 115–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra, R., and M.L. Ray. 1986. Situational effects of advertising repetition: The moderating influence of motivation, ability, and opportunity to respond. Journal of Consumer Research 12, no. 4: 432–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatnagar, N., L. Aksoy, and S.A. Malkoc. 2004. Embedding brands within media content: The impact of message, media, and consumer characteristics on placement efficacy. In The psychology of media entertainment. Blurring the lines between entertainment and persuasion, ed.. L.J. Shrum, 99–116. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Elrbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Boerman, S.C., E.A. Van Reijmersdal, and P.C. Neijens. 2012a. Zijn sponsorvermeldingen in televisieprogramma's effectief?. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap 40, no. 4: 46–59.
   Google Scholar
• Boerman, S.C., E.A. Van Reijmersdal, and P.C. Neijens. 2012b. Sponsorship disclosure: Effects of duration on persuasion knowledge and brand responses. Journal of Communication 62, no. 6: 1047–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, I., K.M. Dubas, and L.A. Babin. 1999. The influence of product-placement type and exposure time on product-placement recognition. International Journal of Advertising 18, no. 3: 323–37.
   Google Scholar
• Buijzen, M., E.A. Van Reijmersdal, and L.H. Owen. 2010. Introducing the PCMC model: An investigative framework for young people's processing of commercialized media content. Communication Theory 20, no. 4: 427–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, R.M. 2011. Embedded advertising on television: Disclosure, deception and free speech rights. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 30, no. 2: 226–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, G.T., and P.A. Curtin. 1995. Tracing sources of information pollution: A survey and experimental test of print media's labeling policy for feature advertising. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, no. 1: 178–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, M.C., G.S. Mohr, and P.W.J. Verlegh. 2013. Can disclosures lead consumers to resist covert persuasion? The important roles of disclosure timing and type of response. Journal of Consumer Psychology 23, no. 4: 483–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celsi, R.L., and J.C. Olson. 1988. The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research 15, no. 2: 210–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. 2000. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1: 24–114.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Communications Commission. 2008. Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed rulemaking in the matter of sponsorship identification rules and embedded advertising. Federal Register 73, no. 143: 43194–200.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, Y., and A. Lang. 2009. Dimensions of information density and cognitive load. Paper presented 22 March 2009 at the 59th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, E. 2006. Stealth risks of regulating stealth marketing: A comment on Ellen Goodman's ‘Stealth marketing and editorial integrity’. Texas Law Review 85, no. 11: 11–5.
   Google Scholar
• Hackley, C., and R.A. Hackley née Tiwsakul. 2012. Unpaid product placement: The elephant in the room in UK TV's new paid-for product placement market. International Journal of Advertising 31, no. 4: 703–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst, K.C., and D. Allan. 2006. The effects of brand experience and an advertisement's disclaimer speed on purchase: Speak slowly or carry a big brand. International Journal of Advertising 25, no. 2: 213–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, M.G., and M.O. Lwin. 2007. Disclosures exposed: Banner ad disclosure adherence to FTC guidance in the top 100 US web sites. Journal of Consumer Affairs 41, no. 2: 285–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, S., and D. Hudson. 2006. Branded entertainment: A new advertising technique or product placement in disguise?. Journal of Marketing Management 22, no. 5–6: 489–504.
   Google Scholar
• Janiszewski, C. 1993. Preattentive mere exposure effects. Journal of Consumer Research 20, no. 3: 376–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, W.A., K.J. Hawley, S.H. Plewe, J.M.G. Elliot, and M.J. DeWitt. 1990. Attention capture by novel stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 119, no. 4: 397–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamleitner, B., and A.K. Jyote. 2013. How using versus showing interaction between characters and products boosts product placement effectiveness. International Journal of Advertising 32, no. 4: 633–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, B., Y. Pasadeos, and A. Barban. 2001. On the deceptive effectiveness of labeled and unlabeled advertorial formats. Mass Communication & Society 4, no. 3: 265–81.
   Google Scholar
• Kozup, J., C.R. Taylor, M.L. Capella, and J. Kees. 2012. Sound disclosures: Assessing when a disclosure is worthwhile. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 31, no. 2: 313–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, K.L., M. Hume, and A. Love. 2010. Examining the covert nature of product placement: Implications for public policy. Journal of Promotion Management 16, no. 1: 59–79.
   Google Scholar
• Lang, A. 2000. The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication 50, 46–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A. 2006. Using the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing to design effective cancer communication messages. Journal of Communication 56, S57–S80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A., R.F. Potter, and P.D. Bolls. 1999. Something for nothing: Is visual encoding automatic?. Media Psychology 1, no. 2: 145–63.
   Google Scholar
• MacInnis, D.J., C. Moorman, and B.J. Jaworski. 1991. Enhancing and measuring consumers' motivation, opportunity, and ability to process brand information from ads. The Journal of Marketing 55, no. 4: 32–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackworth, J.F. 1963. The duration of the visual image. Canadian Journal of Psychology 17, no. 1: 62–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthes, J., C. Schemer, and W. Wirth. 2007. More than meets the eye. Investigating the hidden impact of brand placement in television magazines. International Journal of Advertising 26, no. 4: 477–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moorman, M., P.C. Neijens, and E.G. Smit. 2007. The effects of program involvement of commercial exposure and recall in naturalistic setting, Journal of Advertising 36, no. 1: 121–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, F.W., and J.J. Stoltman. 2002. Television advertising disclosures: An empirical assessment. Journal of Business and Psychology 16, no. 4: 515–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyer-Gusé, E., and R.L. Nabi. 2010. Explaining the effects of narrative in an entertainment television program: Overcoming resistance to persuasion. Human Communication Research 36, no. 1: 26–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebenzahl, I.D., and E.D. Jaffe. 1998. Ethical dimensions of advertising executions. Journal of Business Ethics 17, no. 7: 805–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neijens, P.C., and E.G. Smit. 2003. Audience reactions towards non-spot advertising: Influence of viewer and program characteristics. In Branding and advertising, ed.. F. Hansen and L. Bech Christensen, 266–83. Copenhagen: CBS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petty, R.E., J.T. Cacioppo, A.J. Strathman, and J.R. Priester. 2005. To think or not to think. Exploring two routes of persuasion. In Persuasion. Psychological insights and perspectives. 2nd ed., ed.. T.C. Brock and M.C. Green, 81–116. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Popper, E.T., and K.B. Murray. 1989. Communication effectiveness and format effects on in-ad disclosure of health warnings. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 8: 109–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiter, J.R. 2011. Measurement for the social sciences. The C-OAR-SE method and why it must replace psychometrics. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S.N., and C.A. Cole. 1993. The effects of length, content, and repetition on television commercial effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 1: 91–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, M.D., and D. Rouner. 2002. Entertainment–education and elaboration likelihood: Understanding the processing of narrative persuasion. Communication Theory 12, no. 2: 173–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit, E.G., E.A. Van Reijmersdal, and P.C. Neijens. 2009. Today's practice of brand placement and the industry behind it. International Journal of Advertising 28, no. 5: 761–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, D.W., and I.M. Martin. 1994. Intended and unintended consequences of warning messages: A review and synthesis of empirical research. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 13, no. 1: 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, Y., F. de Gregorio, and J. Jung. 2009. Non-student consumer attitudes towards product placement. International Journal of Advertising 28, no. 2: 257–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tessitore, T., and M. Geuens. 2013. PP for ‘product placement’ or ‘puzzled public’? The effectiveness of symbols as warnings of product placement and the moderating role of brand recall. International Journal of Advertising 32, no. 3: 419–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Reijmersdal, E.A., E.G. Smit, and P.C. Neijens. 2010. How media factors affect audience responses to brand placement. International Journal of Advertising 29, no. 2: 279–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Reijmersdal, E.A., K. Tutaj, and S.C. Boerman. 2013. The effects of brand placement disclosures on scepticism and brand memory. Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research 38, no. 2: 127–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, L. 2008. The consumer and advertising regulation in the television without frontiers and audiovisual media services directives. Journal of Consumer Policy 31, 63–77.
   Google Scholar
• Zaichkowsky, J.L. 1994. The personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising 23, no. 4: 59–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar