A feminist critical heuristic for educational policy analysis: U.S. social emotional learning policy

References

• Aghasaleh, R. 2018. “Oppressive Curriculum: Sexist, Racist, Classist, and Homophobic Practice of Dress Codes in Schooling.” Journal of African American Studies 22 (1): 94–108. doi:10.1007/s12111-018-9397-5.
   Google Scholar
• Aloe, A. M., S. M. Shisler, B. D. Norris, A. B. Nickerson, and T. W. Rinker. 2014. “A Multivariate Meta-analysis of Student Misbehavior and Teacher Burnout.” Educational Research Review 12: 30–44. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2014.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, A. 2020. “Seeing Race in the Research on Youth Trauma and Education: A Critical Review.” Review of Educational Research 90 (5): 583–686. doi:10.3102/0034654320938131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 1993. “What Is Policy? Texts, Trajectories and Toolboxes.” Discourse 13 (2): 10–17. doi:10.1080/0159630930130203.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 2003. “The Teacher’s Soul and the Terrors of Performativity.” Journal of Education Policy 18 (2): 215–228. doi:10.1080/0268093022000043065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 2006. Education Policy and Social Class: The Selected Works of Stephen J. Ball. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 2015. “What Is Policy? 21 Years Later: Reflections on the Possibilities of Policy Research.” Discourse 36 (3): 306–313. doi:10.1080/01596306.2015.1015279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J. 2017. The Education Debate: Policy and Politics in the 21st Century. 3rd ed. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, S. J., and J. Collet-Sabé. 2021. “Against School: An Epistemological Critique.” Discourse [Online First]. doi:10.1080/01596306.2021.1947780.
   Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L. 2011. “Who Will Help Prevent Sexual Violence: Creating an Ecological Model of Bystander Intervention.” Psychology of Violence 1 (3): 216–229. doi:10.1037/a0023739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, D. 2021. “FBI Fires Agent Who Failed to Pursue Tips about Sex Abuse by USA Gymnastics Doctor Larry Nassar.” The Washington Post, September 14. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/fbi-agent-nassar-investigation/2021/09/14/f4fed85a-158a-11ec-9589-31ac3173c2e5_story.html
   Google Scholar
• Benner, K., and J. Macur. 2022. “Nassar Victims Suing F.B.I. for Early Investigative Failures.” The New York Times, June 8. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/08/us/politics/nassar-fbi-lawsuits.html
   Google Scholar
• Bensimon, E. M., and C. Marshall. 2003. “Like It or Not: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Matters.” The Journal of Higher Education 74 (3): 337–349. doi:10.1080/00221546.2003.11780850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, B. 1971. “On the Classification and Framing of Educational Knowledge.” In Knowledge and Control, edited by M. F. D. Young, 47–69. London, UK: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury, A. 2019. “A Critical Race Theory Framework for Education Policy Analysis: The Case of Bilingual Learners and Assessment Policy in England.” Race Ethnicity and Education 23 (2): 241–260. doi:10.1080/13613324.2019.1599338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill, H., M. L. Kern, B. Dadvand, E. W. Cruickshank, R. Midford, C. Smith, A. Farrelly, et al. 2019. “An Integrative Approach to Evaluating the Implementation of Social and Emotional Learning and Gender-Based Violence Prevention Education.” International Journal of Emotional Education 11 (1): 135–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldas, S. J., and M. L. Bensy. 2014. “The Sexual Maltreatment of Students with Disabilities in American School Settings.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 23 (4): 345–366. doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.906530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, R., and C.E. Ahrens. 1998. “Innovative Community Services for Rape Victims: An Application of Multiple Case Study Methodology.” American Journal of Community Psychology 26 (4): 537–571. doi:10.1023/A:1022140921921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. 2021a. “Ending Gender-Based Violence Globally.” https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/topics/gbv/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. 2021b. “Preventing Intimate Partner Violence.” https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/ipv/IPV-factsheet_2020_508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. 2021c. “Preventing Sexual Violence.” https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/sexualviolence/fastfact.html
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control. 2021d. “Preventing Teen Dating Violence.” https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teendatingviolence/fastfact.html
   Google Scholar
• Chafouleas, S. M., A. H. Johnson, S. Overstreet, and N. M. Santos. 2016. “Toward a Blueprint for Trauma-Informed Service Delivery in Schools.” School Mental Health 8: 144–162. doi:10.1007/s12310-015-9166-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2011. “A Constructivist Grounded Theory Analysis of Losing and Regaining a Valued Self.” In Five Ways of Doing Qualitative Analysis: Phenomenological Psychology, Grounded Theory, Discourse Analysis, Narrative Research, and Intuitive Inquiry, edited by F. J. Wertz, K. Charmaz, L. M. McMullen, et al., 165–204. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chuang, J. A. 2010. “Rescuing Trafficking from Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform and Anti-Trafficking Law and Policy.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 158: 1655–1728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cislaghi, B., and L. Heise. 2020. “Gender Norms and Social Norms: Differences, Similarities and Why They Matter in Prevention Science.” Sociology of Health & IIllness 42 (2): 407–422. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Closson, T. 2021. “R. Kelly Is Found Guilty of All Counts and Faces Life in Prison.” The New York Times, September 21. https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/09/27/nyregion/r-kelly-trial-news
   Google Scholar
• Coker, A. L., H. M. Bush, E. R. Clear, C. J. Brancato, and H. L. McCauley. 2020. “Bystander Program Effectiveness to Reduce Violence and Violence Acceptance within Sexual Minority Male and Female High School Students Using a Cluster RCT.” Prevention Science 21 (3): 434–444. doi:10.1007/s11121-019-01073-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner, B. M. 2016. “In Loco Aequitatis: The Dangers of Safe Harbor Laws for Youth in the Sex Trade.” Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties 12 (1): 43–120.
   Google Scholar
• Copeland, W. E., L. Shanahan, J. Hinesley, R. F. Chan, K. A. Aberg, J. A. Fairbank, E. J. C. G. van den Oord, and J. Costello. 2018. “Association of Childhood Trauma Exposure with Adult Psychiatric Disorders and Functional Outcomes.” JAMA Network Open 1 (7): 1–11. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell, D., and S. P. Limber. 2015. “Law and Policy on the Concept of Bullying at School.” The American Psychologist 70 (4): 333–343. doi:10.1037/a0038558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debnam, K. J., S. L. Johnson, and C. P. Bradshaw. 2014. “Examining the Association between Bullying and Adolescent Concerns about Teen Dating Violence.” Journal of School Health 84 (7): 421–428. doi:10.1111/josh.12170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Meyer, S., A. Kågesten, K. Mmari, J. McEachran, E. Chilet-Rosell, C. W. Kabiru, B. Maina, E M. Jerves, C. Currie, and K. Michielsen. 2017. “‘Boys Should Have the Courage to Ask a Girl Out’: Gender Norms in Early Adolescent Romantic Relationships.” Journal of Adolescent Health 61 (4): S42–S47. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diem, S., M. D. Young, and C. Sampson. 2019. “Where Critical Policy Meets the Politics of Education: An Introduction.” Educational Policy 33 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1177/0895904818807317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelman, M. 1995. “Symbols and Political Quiescence.” In Public Policy: The Essential Readings, edited by S. Z. Theodoulou and M. A. Cahn, 26–33. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Education Amendments of Title IX. 1972. Pub. Law 92-318
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, K. M., V. L. Banyard, S. N. Sessarego, E. A. Waterman, K. J. Mitchell, and H. Chang. 2019. “Evaluation of a Bystander-Focused Interpersonal Violence Prevention Program with High School Students.” Prevention Science 20 (4): 488–498. doi:10.1007/s11121-019-01000-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, K. M., K. A. Rodenhizer-Stämpfli, and R. P. Eckstein. 2015. “Bystander Action in Situations of Dating and Sexual Aggression: A Mixed Methodological Study of High School Youth.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44 (12): 2321–2336. doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0307-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felitti, V. J., R. F. Anda, D. Nordenberg, D. F. Williamson, A. M. Spitz, V. Edwards, M. P. Koss, et al. 1998. “Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 56 (6): 774–786. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellmeth, G., C. Heffernan, J. Nurse, S. Habibula, and D. Sethi. 2015. “Educational and Skills-Based Interventions to Prevent Relationship Violence in Young People.” Research on Social Work Practice 25 (1): 90–102. doi:10.1177/1049731514533392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferré-Sadurní, L., and M. Zaveri. 2021. “Sexual Harassment Claims against Cuomo: What We Know so Far.” The New York Times, November 11. https://www.nytimes.com/article/cuomo-sexual-harassment-nursing-homes-covid-19.html
   Google Scholar
• Figley, C. R., Ed. 1995. Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder. New York, NY: Bruner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Foshee, V. A., K. E. Bauman, X. B. Arriaga, R. W. Helms, G. G. Koch, and G. F. Linder. 1998. “An Evaluation of Safe Dates, an Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention Program.” American Journal of Public Health 88 (1): 45–50. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.1.45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foshee, V. A., T. S. Benefield, H. L. M. Reyes, S. T. Ennett, R. Faris, L.-Y. Chang, A. Hussong, and C M. Suchindran. 2013. “The Peer Context and the Development of the Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 42 (4): 471–486. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9915-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillborn, D. 2005. “Education Policy as an Act of White Supremacy: Whiteness, Critical Race Theory and Education Reform.” Journal of Education Policy 20 (4): 485–505. doi:10.1080/02680930500132346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroux, H. A. 2008. Against the Terror of Neoliberalism: Politics beyond the Age of Greed. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, B. J. E., S. B. Wilkerson, L. D. Pelton, A. C. Cosby, and M. M. Henschel. 2019. “Title IX and School Employee Sexual Misconduct: How K-12 Schools Respond in the Wake of an Incident.” Educational Administration Quarterly 55 (5): 841–866. doi:10.1177/0013161X19838030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffen, P. 2007. “Sexing the Economy in a Neo-Liberal World Order: Neo-Liberal Discourse and the (Re)production of Heteronormative Heterosexuality.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 9: 220–238. doi:10.1111/j.1467-856X.2007.00280.x.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, G. R., N. Oomman, C. Grown, K. Conn, S. Hawkes, Y. R. Shawar, J. Shiffman, et al. 2019. “Gender Equality and Gender Norms: Framing the Opportunities for Health.” The Lancet 393: 2550–2562. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30651-830651-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton, M. D., and M. Lieggi. 2020. “Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review.” Trauma, Violence & Abuse 21 (1): 57–70. doi:10.1177/1524838017742168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding, S., Ed. 2004. The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader: Intellectual and Political Controversies. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkesworth, M. 2006. Feminist Inquiry: From Political Conviction to Methodological Innovation. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hébert, M., T. Van Camp, F. Lavoie, M. Blais, and M. Guerrier. 2014. “Understanding the Hesitancy to Disclose Teen Dating Violence: Correlates of Self-Efficacy to Deal with Teen Dating Violence.” Temida: casopis o viktimizaciji, ljudskim pravima i rodu 17 (4): 43–59. doi:10.2298/TEM1404043H.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heilig, J., K. Brown, and A. Brown. 2012. “The Illusion of Inclusion: A Critical Race Theory Textual Analysis of Race and Standards.” Harvard Educational Review 82 (3): 403–424. doi:10.17763/haer.82.3.84p8228670j24650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. A., and D. W. Hursh. 2014. “Economics and Education for Human Flourishing: Wendell Berry and the Oikonomic Alternative to Neoliberalism.” Educational Studies: A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association 50 (2): 167–186. doi:10.1080/00131946.2014.880927.
   Google Scholar
• Hesse-Biber, S. N., and P. L. Leavy, Eds. 2007. Feminist Research Practice: A Primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, D. 2009. “Reflecting on Social Emotional Learning: A Critical Perspective on Trends in the United States.” Review of Educational Research 79 (2): 533–556. doi:10.3102/0034654308325184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, N. 2020. “Prince Andrew Offers ‘Zero Cooperation’ in Epstein Case, Prosecutor Says.” The New York Times, January 27. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/nyregion/jeffrey-epstein-prince-andrew.html
   Google Scholar
• Huang, K. Y., S. Cheng, and R. Theise. 2013. “School Contexts as Social Determinants of Child Health: Current Practices and Implications for Future Public Health Practice.” Public Health Reports 128 (3): 21–28. doi:10.1177/00333549131286S304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Human Trafficking Search. 2018. “Safe Harbor: Does Your State Arrest Minors for Prostitution?” https://humantraffickingsearch.org/safe-harbor-does-your-state-arrest-minors-for-prostitution/
   Google Scholar
• Hursh, D. 2005. “The Growth of High-Stakes Testing in the USA: Accountability, Markets and the Decline in Educational Equality.” British Educational Research Journal 31 (5): 605–622. doi:10.1080/01411920500240767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. D., L. A. Bouffard, and K. A. Fox. 2014. “Putting Policy into Practice: Examining School Districts’ Implementation of Teen Dating Violence Legislation.” Criminal Justice Policy Review 25 (4): 503–524. doi:10.1177/0887403412475136.
   Google Scholar
• Jagers, R., D. Rivas-Drake, and B. Williams. 2019. “Transformative Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): Toward SEL in Service of Educational Equity and Excellence.” Educational Psychologist: Social and Emotional Learning 54 (3): 162–184. doi:10.1080/00461520.2019.1623032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamenetz, A. 2020. “Child Sexual Abuse Reports Are on the Rise amid Lockdown Orders.” WBFO, NPR, April 28. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/28/847251985/child-sexual-abuse-reports-are-on-the-rise-amid-lockdown-orders
   Google Scholar
• Kataoka, S., A. K. Langley, M. Wong, S. Baweja, and B. D. Stein. 2012. “Responding to Students with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Schools.” Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 21 (1): 119–133. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, M. J., and S. R. Kaufman. 2009. Education, Law, Policy, and Practice: Cases and Materials. 2nd ed. New York: Aspen Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kernsmith, P. D., B. G. Victor, and J. P. Smith-Darden. 2018. “Online, Offline, and over the Line: Coercive Sexting among Adolescent Dating Partners.” Youth & Society 50 (7): 891–904. doi:10.1177/0044118X18764040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama, J., and E. Chang. 2019. “Schools as Refuge? The Politics and Policy of Educating Refugees in Arizona.” Educational Policy 33 (1): 136–157. doi:10.1177/0895904818807319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laible, J. 1997. “Feminist Analysis of Sexual Harassment Policy: A Critique of the Ideal Community.” In Feminist Critical Policy Analysis I: A Perspective from Primary and Secondary Schooling, edited by C. Marshall, 201–215. London, UK: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, E., H. Larkin, and N. Esaki. 2017. “Exposure to Community Violence as a New Adverse Childhood Experience Category: Promising Results and Future Considerations.” Families in Society 98 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.2017.10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke, M. 2015. “Un)making the Neoliberal Agenda in Public Education: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Texas High School Social Studies Policy Processes and Standards.” In Neoliberalizing Educational Reform: America’s Quest for Profitable Market Colonies and the Undoing of Public Good, edited by Keith M. Sturges, pp. 53–77. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Lemke, M. 2017. “Trafficking and Immigration Policy: Intersections, Inconsistencies, and Implications for Public Education.” Educational Policy 31 (6): 743–763. doi:10.1177/0895904817719528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke, M. 2019a. “Educators as the “Front Line” of Human Trafficking Prevention: An Analysis of State-Level Educational Policy.” Leadership and Policy in Schools 18 (3): 284–304. doi:10.1080/15700763.2017.1398337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke, M. 2019b. “The Politics of ‘Giving Student Victims A Voice’: A Feminist Analysis of State Trafficking Policy Implementation.” American Journal of Sexuality Education 14 (1): 74–108. doi:10.1080/15546128.2018.1524805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke, M. 2020. “Title IX in the Era of #Metoo: An (Un)silenced Majority?” In Women in Educational Leadership: A Practitioner’s Handbook, edited by J. L. Surface and K. A. Keiser, 73–90. Burlington, Canada: Word & Deed Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lemke, M., and A. Nickerson. 2020. “Educating Refugee and Hurricane Displaced Youth in Troubled Times: Countering the Politics of Fear through Culturally Responsive and trauma-informed Schooling.” Children’s Geographies 18 (5): 529–543. doi:10.1080/14733285.2020.1740650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke, M., A. Nickerson, and J. Saboda. 2021. “Global Displacement and Local Contexts: A Case Study of U.S. Urban Educational Policy and Practice.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 1–26. (Online first). doi:10.1080/13603124.2021.1884747.
   Google Scholar
• Lemke, M., and K. Rogers. 2020. “When Sexting Crosses the Line: Educator Responsibilities in the Support of Prosocial Adolescent Behavior and Prevention of Violence.” Social Sciences 9 (9): 1–14. doi:10.3390/socsci9090150.
   Google Scholar
• Lemke, M., and A. White. forthcoming. “Student Adversity and Leader Stress: A Critical Race Contextualization and Analysis of State Social Emotional Learning Policy.” In Supporting Leaders for School Improvement through Self-Care and Well-Being, edited by B. W. Carpenter, J. Mahfouz, and K. Washington, TBD. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lichty, L. F., J. M. Torres, M. T. Valenti, and N. T. Buchanan. 2008. “Sexual Harassment Policies in K‐12 Schools: Examining Accessibility to Students and Content.” Journal of School Health 78 (11): 607–614. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00353.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipman, P. 2011. The New Political Economy of Urban Education: Neoliberalism, Race, and the Right to the City. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, B. S. 2011. “Law on Immigration and Human Trafficking: Lifting the Lamp to Victims.” Columbia Human Rights Law Review 43: 143–214.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz, K., A. Kirkner, and S. E. Ullman. 2019. “A Qualitative Study of Sexual Assault Survivors’ Post-Assault Legal System Experiences.” Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 20 (3): 263–287. doi:10.1080/15299732.2019.1592643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugg, C. A., and J. P. Murphy. 2017. “The Shifting Political Winds: LGBTQ Students, Educational Policy and Politics, and the Dilemmas Confronting Street Level Bureaucrats.” In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Schooling: The Nexus of Research, Practice and Policy, edited by S. Russell and S. Horn, 238–254. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macur, J., and K. Draper. 2021. “Devastated, Disgusted, but I’m Not Shocked.” The New York Times, October 8. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/08/sports/soccer/womens-soccers-problem-with-men.html
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., Ed. 1997a. Feminist Critical Policy Analysis I: A Perspective from Primary and Secondary Schooling. London, UK: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., Ed. 1997b. Feminist Critical Policy Analysis II: A Perspective from Post-Secondary Education. London, UK: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C. 1999. “Researching the Margins: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis.” Educational Policy 13 (1): 59–76. doi:10.1177/0895904899131006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., and G. B. Rossman. 2015. Designing Qualitative Research. 6th ed. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., and M. Young. 2013. “Policy Inroads Undermining Women in Education.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 16 (2): 205–219. doi:10.1080/13603124.2012.754056.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo, C. 2014. LGBTQ Youth and Education: Policies and Practices. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCord, R. S., and L. A. Finnan. 2019. 2018-19 AASA Superintendent Salary and Benefits Study. Alexandria, VA: American Association of School Administrators.
   Google Scholar
• Merrick, M. T., D. C., K. A. Ports Ford, and A. S. Guinn. 2018. “Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences from the 2011-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 23 States.” JAMA Pediatrics 172 (11): 1038–1044. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., A. M. Huberman, and J. Saldaña. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, E., K. A. Jones, and H. L. McCauley. 2018. “Updates on Adolescent Dating and Sexual Violence Prevention and Intervention.” Current Opinion in Pediatrics 30 (4): 466–471. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulford, C. F., and D. R. Blachman-Demner. 2013. “Teen Dating Violence: Building a Research Program through Collaborative Insights.” Violence Against Women 19 (6): 756–770. doi:10.1177/1077801213494705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New York State Education Department (NYSED). 2019. “Social Emotional Learning: A Guide to Systemic Whole School Implementation.” http://www.p12.nysed.gov/sss/documents/GuideToSystemicWholeSchoolImplementationFINAL.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New York State Education Department (NYSED). 2020. “The Dignity Act.” https://www.p12.nysed.gov/dignityact/
   Google Scholar
• New York State Education Department (NYSED). 2022. “Social Emotional Learning.” http://www.nysed.gov/back-school/social-emotional-learning
   Google Scholar
• New York State Education Law, Edn § 12. Discrimination and Harassment Prohibited. 2012.
   Google Scholar
• New York State Education Law, Edn § 13. Policies and Guidelines. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ocen, P. A. 2015. “(E)racing Childhood: Examining the Racialized Construction of Childhood and Innocence in the Treatment of Sexually Exploited Minors.” UCLA Law Review 62: 1586–1640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillow, W. 2003. “‘Bodies are Dangerous’: Using Feminist Genealogy as Policy Studies Methodology.” Journal of Education Policy 18 (2): 145–159. doi:10.1080/0268093022000043083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerantz, S. 2007. “Cleavage in a Tank Top: Bodily Prohibition and the Discourses of School Dress Codes.” Alberta Journal of Educational Research 53 (4): 373–386. doi:10.11575/ajer.v53i4.55303.
   Google Scholar
• Prunty, J. 1985. “Signposts for a Critical Education Policy Analysis.” Australian Journal of Education 29 (2): 133–140. doi:10.1177/000494418502900205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirk, A. 2020. “Mental Health Support for Students of Color during and after the Coronavirus Pandemic.” Center for American Progress, July 28. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-secondary/news/2020/07/28/488044/mental-health-support-students-color-coronavirus-pandemic/
   Google Scholar
• Rape and Incest National Network. 2021a. “About Sexual Assault.” https://www.rainn.org/about-sexual-assault
   Google Scholar
• Rape and Incest National Network. 2021b. “Sexual Assault.” https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-assault
   Google Scholar
• Rape and Incest National Network. 2021c. “Sexual Harassment.” https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-harassment
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, P. M., and P. Orpinas. 2012. “Dating Norms and Dating Violence among Ninth Graders in Northeast Georgia: Reports from Student Surveys and Focus Groups.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27 (9): 1677–1698. doi:10.1177/0886260511430386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes, H. L. M., V. A. Foshee, P. H. Niolon, D. E. Reidy, and J. E. Hall. 2016. “Gender Role Attitudes and Male Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Normative Beliefs as Moderators.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45 (2): 350–360. doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0278-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, A. (2015). “‘I Am Not Free while [Anyone] is Unfree’: A Proposal and Framework for Enmarginalized Feminist Policy Analysis.” Virginia Commonwealth University Scholars Compass. Social Work Student Works, School of Social Work, 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Sacks, V., D. Murphey, and K. Moore. 2014. Adverse Childhood Experiences: National and State-Level Prevalence. Bethesda, MD: Child Trends.
   Google Scholar
• Salcedo, A. 2019. “She Was Raped by a Classmate. She Still Had to Go to School with Him.” The New York Times, October 3. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/03/nyregion/niagara-wheatfield-rape.html
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J., and J. J. Holme. 2016. “The Political Economy of Market-Based Educational Policies: Race and Reform in Urban School Districts, 1915 to 2016.” Review of Research in Education 40 (1): 250–297. doi:10.3102/0091732X16681001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, K. M. 2004. “Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education: The Case of Welfare Reform as Gendered Educational Policy.” The Journal of Higher Education 75 (1): 56–79. doi:10.1080/00221546.2004.11778896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehey, M. 2021. “Christine Blasey Ford Lawyers Call Kavanaugh Investigation a ‘Sham’ after New Details Emerge.” Politico, July 23. https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/23/christine-blasey-ford-brett-kavanaugh-investigation-new-details-500652
   Google Scholar
• Spriggs, A. L., C. T. Halpern, and S. L. Martin. 2009. “Continuity of Adolescent and Early Adult Partner Violence Victimisation: Association with Witnessing Violent Crime in Adolescence.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63 (9): 741–748. doi:10.1136/jech.2008.078592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storer, H. L., A. Talan, A. Swiatlo, K. LeSar, M. Broussard, C. Kendall, D. W. Seal, et al. 2020. “Context Matters: Factors that Influence African American Teens’ Perceptions and Definitions of Dating Violence.” Psychology of Violence 10 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1037/vio0000232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stromquist, N. 2013. “Education Policies for Gender Equity: Probing into State Responses.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 21 (65): 1–31. doi:10.14507/epaa.v21n65.2013.
   Google Scholar
• Tefera, A. A., and G. E. Fischman. 2020. “How and Why Context Matters in the Study of Racial Disproportionality in Special Education: Toward a Critical Disability Education Policy Approach.” Equity and Excellence in Education 53 (4): 434–449. doi:10.1080/10665684.2020.1791284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thacker, L. K. 2017. “Rape Culture, Victim Blaming, and the Role of Media in the Criminal Justice System.” Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship 1 (1): 89–99.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, M. S., S. Crosby, and J. Vanderhaar. 2019. “Trauma-informed Practices in Schools across Two Decades: An Interdisciplinary Review of Research.” Review of Research in Education 43 (1): 422–452. doi:10.3102/0091732X18821123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafficking Victims Protection Act, H.R. 3244, P.L. 106-386. 2000. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-106hr3244enr/pdf/BILLS-106hr3244enr.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Turner, H. A., D. Finkelhor, R. Ormrod, S. Hamby, R. T. Leeb, J. A. Mercy, and M. Holt. 2012. “Family Context, Victimization, and Child Trauma Symptoms: Variations in Safe, Stable, and Nurturing Relationships during Early and Middle Childhood.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 82 (2): 209–219. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01147.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, UNGA 55/25. 2000. http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vaeza, M. N. 2020. “Addressing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Violence against Women and Girls.” U.N. Chronicle, November 27. https://www.un.org/en/addressing-impact-covid-19-pandemic-violence-against-women-and-girls
   Google Scholar
• Weiser, B., R. Davis O’Brien, and C. Moynihan. 2021. “Ghislaine Maxwell is Found Guilty of Aiding in Epstein’s Sex Abuse.” The New York Times, December 29. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/29/nyregion/ghislaine-maxwell-guilty-verdict.html
   Google Scholar
• Whitman, G. M. 2020. “A Curricular Critique of School Dress Codes.” The Clearing House 93 (2): 72–77. doi:10.1080/00098655.2020.1721415.
   Google Scholar
• Wies, J. R. 2015. “Title IX and the State of Campus Sexual Violence in the United States.” Human Organization 74 (3): 276–286. doi:10.17730/0018-7259-74.3.276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolitzky-Taylor, K., A. Sewart, S. Vrshek-Schallhorn, R. Zinbarg, S. Mineka, C. Hammen, L. Bobova, E. K. Adam, and M. G. Craske. 2017. “The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health in Early Adulthood.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0566-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ybarra, M. L., and R. E. Thompson. 2018. “Predicting the Emergence of Sexual Violence in Adolescence.” Prevention Science 19 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0810-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerger, W., and C. Gehret. 2011. “Understanding and Dealing with Bullying in Schools.” The Educational Forum 75 (4): 315–326. doi:10.1080/00131725.2011.602468.
   Google Scholar
• Yohannan, J., and J. S. Carlson. 2019. “A Systematic Review of School-Based Interventions and Their Outcomes for Youth Exposed to Traumatic Events.” Psychology in the Schools 56 (3): 447–464. doi:10.1002/pits.22202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, M. D. 1999. “Multifocal Educational Policy Research: Toward a Method for Enhancing Traditional Educational Policy Studies.” American Educational Research Journal 36 (1): 677–714. doi:10.3102/00028312036004677.
   Google Scholar