1
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Pharmacotherapy in Mental Retardation and Autism

Pages 162-183 | Published online: 22 Dec 2019

REFERENCES

  • Abramowitz, A. J., Eckstrand, D., O'Leary, S. G., & Dulcan, M. K. (1992). ADHD children's response to stimulant medication and two intensities of a behavioral intervention. Behavior Modification, 16, 193–203.
  • Achenbach, T. M. (1986). Child behavior checklist direct observation form. Burlington, VT: Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont.
  • Aman, M. G. (1983). Psychoactive drugs in mental retardation. In J. L. Matson & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Treatment issues and innovations in mental retardation (pp. 455–513). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Aman, M. G. (1984). Drugs and learning in mentally retarded persons. In G. D. Burrows & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Advances in human psychopharmacology (vol. 3; pp. 121–163). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • Aman, M. G. (1991a). Pharmacotherapy in the developmental disabilities: New developments. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 17, 183–199.
  • Aman, M. G. (1991 b). Assessing psychopathology and behavior problems in persons with mental retardation: A review of available instruments. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Aman, M. G., Field, C. J., & Bridgman, G. D. (1985). City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalized retarded persons. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 5, 159–171.
  • Aman, M. G., & Kern, R. A. (1989). Review of fenfluramine in the treatment of the developmental disabilities. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 549–565.
  • Aman, M. G., Kern, R. A., McGhee, D. E., & Arnold, L. E. (1992). Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and ADHD: Laboratory effects. Manuscript submitted for publication, Ohio State University.
  • Aman, M. G., Kern, R. A., McGhee, D. E., & Arnold, L. E. (in press). Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and ADHD: Clinical and side effects. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
  • Aman, M. G., Marks, R. E., Turbott, S. H., Wilsher, C. P., & Merry, S. N. (1991a). The clinical effects of methylphenidate and thioridazine in intellectually subaverage children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 246–256.
  • Aman, M. G., Marks, R. E., Turbott, S. H., Wilsher, C. P., & Merry, S. N. (1991b). Methylphenidate and thioridazine in the treatment of intellectually subaverage children: Effects on cognitive-motor performance. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 816–824.
  • Aman, M. G., Paxton, J. W., Field, C. J., & Foote, S. E. (1986). Survey of drug concentrations in retarded patients receiving anticonvulsant medication. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, 331–338.
  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1980). The usefulness of thioridazine for treating childhood disorders. Fact or folklore? American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, 331–338.
  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1985). Dyskinetic symptoms in profoundly retarded residents following neuroleptic withdrawal and during methylphenidate treatment. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 29, 187–195.
  • Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1991). Pharmacological intervention. In J. L. Matson & J. H. Mulick (Eds.), Handbook of Mental Retardation (2nd ed.; pp. 347–372). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Aman, M. G., Teehan, C. J., White, A. J., Turbott, S. H., & Vaithianathan, C. (1989). Haloperidol treatment with chronically medicated residents: Dose effects on clinical behavior and reinforcement contingencies. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 93, 452–460.
  • Aman, M. G., & White, A. J. (1988). Thioridazine dose effects with reference to stereotypic behavior in mentally retarded residents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 355–366.
  • Aman, M. G., White, A. J., & Field, C. J. (1984). Chlorpromazine effects on stereotypic and conditioned behavior — A pilot study. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 28, 253–260.
  • Aman, M. G., White, A. J., Vaithianathan, D., & Teehan, C. J. (1986). Preliminary study of Imipramine in profoundly retarded residents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 16, 263–273.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Anderson, L. T., Campbell, M., Grega, D. M., Perry, R., Small, A. M., & Green, W. H. (1984). Haloperidol in the treatment of infantile autism: Effects on learning and behavioral symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1195–1202.
  • Ando, H., & Yoshimura, I. (1978). Prevalence of maladaptive behavior in retarded children as a function of IQ and age. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6, 345–349.
  • Ayd, F., Jr. (1983). Depot pipotiazine: Thirteen years later. International Drug Therapy Newsletter, 18, 5–8.
  • Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford.
  • Barkley, R. A., & Cunningham, C. E. (1978). Do stimulant drugs improve the academic performance of hyperkinetic children? Clinical Pediatrics, 17, 85–92.
  • Barlow, D. H. (1984). Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Bass, J. N., & Beltis, J. (1991). Therapeutic effect of fluoxetine on naltrexone-resistant self-injurious behavior in an adolescent with mental retardation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 1, 331–340.
  • Behar, L. B., & Stringfield, S. A. (1974). Manual for the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. Durham, NC: Learning Institute of North Carolina.
  • Biederman, J., Baldessarini, R. J., Wright, V., Knee, D., & Harmatz, J. S. (1989). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 777–784.
  • Birmaher, B., Quintana, H., & Greenhill, L. L. (1988). Methylphenidate treatment of hyperactive autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(2), 248–251.
  • Blackwell, B., & Currah, J. (1973). The psychopharmacology of nocturnal enuresis. In I. Kolvin, R. McKeith, & S. Meadow (Eds.), Bladder control and enuresis (pp. 231–257). London: Heineman.
  • Borison, R. (1985, May). The recognition and management of drug-induced movement disorders (reversible type). Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Dallas, TX. (Available from author, Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA).
  • Buschke, H., & Fuld, P. A. (1974). Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology, 24, 1019–1025.
  • Cade, J. F. J. (1949). Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Medical Journal of Australia, 36, 349–352.
  • Campbell, M. (1975). Pharmacotherapy in early infantile autism. Biological Psychiatry, 10, 399–423.
  • Campbell, M., Adams, P., Small, A. M., McVeigh, L., & Curren, E. L. (1988). Naltrexone in infantile autism. Psychopharmamlogy Bulletin, 24, 135–139.
  • Campbell, M., Anderson, L. T., Meier, M., Cohen, I. L., Small, A. M., Samit, C., & Sachar, E. J. (1978). A comparison of haloperidol and behavior therapy and their interaction in autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 640–655.
  • Campbell, M., Overall, J. E., Small, A. M., Sokol, M. S., Spencer, E. K., Adams, P., Foltz, R. L., Monti, K. M., Perry, R., Nobler, M., & Roberts, E. (1989). Naltrexone in autistic children: An acute open dose range tolerance trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 200–206.
  • Campbell, M., Small, A. M., Collins, P. J., Friedman, E., David, R., & Genieser, N. (1976). Levodopa and levoamphetamine: A crossover study in young schizophrenic children. Current Therapeutic Research, 19, 70–86.
  • Campbell, M., Small, A. M., Green, W. H., Jennings, S. J., Perry, R., Bennett, W. G., & Anderson, L. (1984). Behavioral efficacy of haloperidol and lithium carbonate: A comparison in hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 120, 650–656.
  • Chandler, M., Gualtieri, C. T., & Fahs, J. J. (1988). Other psychotropic drugs: Stimulants, antidepressants, the anxiolytics, and lithium carbonate. In M. G. Aman & N. N. Singh (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of developmental disabilities (pp. 119–145). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Claghorn, J. L. (1972). A double-blind comparison of haloperidol (Haldol) and thioridazine (Mellaril) in outpatient children. Current Therapeutic Research, 14, 785–789.
  • Cohen, I. L., Campbell, M., Posner, D., Small, A. M., Trickel, D., & Anderson, L. T. (1980). Behavioral effects of haloperidol in young autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19, 665–677.
  • Comings, D. E., & Comings, B. G. (1987). A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. I. Attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, and school problems. American Journal of Human Genetics, 141, 701–741.
  • Commission on classification and terminology of the international league against epilepsy: Proposal for the classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. (1985). Epilepsia, 26, 268–278.
  • Cooper, A. F., & Rowlie, H. C. (1973). Control of gross self-mutilation with lithium carbonate. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 370–371.
  • Cramer, J. A., Smith, D. B., Mattison, R. H., Excueta, A. V. D., Collins, J. F., & the VA Cooperative Study Group. (1983). A method of quantification for the evaluation of antiepileptic drug therapy. Neurology, 33, (Suppl. 1), 26–27.
  • Cullinan, D., Gadow, K. D., & Epstein, M. H. (in press). Psychotropic drug treatment among learning disabled, educable mentally retarded, and seriously emotionally disturbed students. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.
  • Dostal, T., & Zvolsky, P. (1970). Antiaggressive effects of lithium salts in severely mentally retarded adolescents. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 5, 203–207.
  • Engelhardt, D. M. (1974). Withdrawal Emergent Symptoms (WES) Checklist. (Available from author on request. Department of Psychiatry, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, 460 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203).
  • Epstein, M. H., Cullinan, D., & Gadow, K. (1986). Teacher ratings of hyperactivity in learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, and mentally retarded children. Journal of Special Education, 22, 219–229.
  • Evans, R. W., Clay, T. H., & Gualtieri, T. (1987). Carbamazepine in pediatric psychiatry. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 2–8.
  • Fankhauser, M. S., Karumanchi, V. C., German, M. L., Yates, A., & Karumanchi, S. D. (1992). A doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of transdermal Clonidine in autism. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53, 77–82.
  • Feldman, H., Crumrine, P., Handen, B. L., Alvin, R., & Teodori, J. (1989). Methylphenidate in children with seizures and attention deficit disorder. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 143, 1081–1086.
  • Field, C. J., Aman, M. G., White, A. J., & Vaithianathan, C. (1986). Single-subject study of Imipramine in a mentally retarded woman with depressive symptoms. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 30, 191–198.
  • Gadow, K. D. (1975, October). Pills and preschool: Medication usage with young children in special education. Paper presented at the Illinois Council for Exceptional Children, Chicago, IL.
  • Gadow, K. D. (1977). Psychotropic and antiepileptic drug treatment with children in early childhood special education. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Institute for Child Behavior and Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service Number ED 162 294)
  • Gadow, K. D., & Kalachnik, J. (1981). Prevalence and pattern of drug treatment for behavior and seizure disorders of TMR students. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85, 588–595.
  • Gadow, K. D., & Poling, A. G. (1988). Pharmacotherapy and mental retardation. Boston, MA: College Hill Press.
  • Gay, P. E. (1984). Effects of antiepileptic drugs and seizure type on operant responding in mentally retarded persons. Epilepsia, 25, 377–386.
  • Geller, E., Ritvo, E. R., Freeman, B. J., & Yuwiler, A. (1982). Preliminary observations on the effects of fenfluramine on blood serotonin and symptoms in three autistic boys. New England Journal of Medicine, 307, 165–169.
  • Ghaziuddin, M., Tsai, L. Y., & Ghaziuddin, N. (1992, April). Use of clonidine in children with mental retardation: A pilot study. Paper presented at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Conference. New Orleans, LA.
  • Gofman, H. (1972–1973). Interval and final rating sheets on side-effects. Psychopharmacology Bulletin (Special Issue), 8–9, 182–187.
  • Goldberg, J. B., & Kurland, A. A. (1970). Dilantin treatment of hospitalized cultural-familial retardation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 150, 133–137.
  • Golden, G. S., & Greenhill, L. (1981). Tourette syndrome in mentally retarded children. Mental Retardation, 19, 17–19.
  • Goldstein, M., Anderson, L. T., Reuben, R., & Dancis, J. (1985). Self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease in caused by dopaminergic denervation. The Lancet, 1, 338–339.
  • Goyette, C. H., Conners, C. K., & Ulrich, R. F. (1978). Normative data on revised Conners parent and teacher rating scales. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6, 221–236.
  • Gualtieri, C. T., Golden, R. N., & Fahs, J. J. (1983). New developments in pediatric psychopharmacology. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 4, 202–209.
  • Gualtieri, C. T., & Hawk, B. (1982). Antidepressant and antimanic drugs. In S. I. Breuning & A. D. Poling (Eds.), Drugs and mental retardation (pp. 215–234). Springfield, IL: Thomas.
  • Handen, B. L., Breaux, A. M., Gosling, A., Ploof, D. L., & Feldman, H. (1990). Efficacy of Ritalin among mentally retarded children with ADHD. Pediatrics, 86, 922–930.
  • Handen, B. L., Feldman, H., Gosling, A., Breaux, A. M., & McAuliffe, S. (1991). Adverse side effects of Ritalin among mentally retarded children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 241–245.
  • Handen, B. L., Janosky, J., McAuliffe, S., Feldman, H., & Gosling, A. (1992). Effects and noneffects of methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 455–461.
  • Herman, B. H., Hammock, M. K., Arthur-Smith, A., Egan, J., Chatoor, I., Werner, A., & Zelnik, N. (1987). Naltrexone decreases self-injurious behavior. Annals of Neurology, 22, 550–552.
  • Hetrick, W., Taylor, D., Touchette, P., Lott, I., Barron, J., & Sandman, C. (1991, May). Treatment of self-injurious behavior with naltrexone: Effects on SIB, learning, and neurological function. Paper presented at the Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities. Key Biscayne, FL.
  • Hill, B. K., Balow, E. A., & Bruininks, R. H. (1985). A national study of prescribed drugs in institutions and community residential facilities for mentally retarded people. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 279–284.
  • Hill, B. K., Lakin, K. C., & Bruininks, R. H. (1984). Trends in residential services for mentally retarded people: 1977–1982. Journal of the Association for Persons urith Severe Handicaps, 9, 243–250.
  • Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Sams, S. E., & Carlson, C. (1992). An examination of the “dosage” effects of both behavior therapy and methylphenidate on the classroom performance of two ADHD children. Behavior Modification, 16, 164–192.
  • Hunt, R. D., Capper, L., & O'Connell, P. (1990). Clonidine in child and adolescent psychiatry. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 1, 87–98.
  • Hunt, R. D., Minderaa, R. B., & Cohen, D. J. (1985). Clonidine benefits children with attention-deficit disorder and hyperactivity: Report of a doubleblind placebo-controlled crossover study. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 617–629.
  • Intagliata, J., & Rinck, C. (1985). Psychoactive drug use in public and community residential facilities for mentally retarded persons. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 268–278.
  • Jakab, I. (1984). Short-term effect of thioridazine tablets versus suspension on emotionally disturbed/retarded children. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 4, 210–215.
  • Jaselskis, C. A., Cook, E. H., Jr., Fletcher, K. E., & Leventhal, B. L. (1992). Clonidine treatment of hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, 322–327.
  • Kalachnik, J. E. (1985). Monitoring for side-effects system (MOSES). Unpublished manuscript.
  • Kardash, S., Hillman, E. S, & Werry, J. (1968). Efficacy of imipramine in childhood enuresis: A doubleblind control study with placebo. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 99, 263–266.
  • Kars, H., Broekema, W., Glaudemans-van Gelderen, I., Verhoeven, W. M. A., & van Ree, J. M. (1990). Naltrexone attenuates self-injurious behavior in mentally retarded subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 27, 741–746.
  • Kaufman, K. R., & Katz-Garns, L. (1979). Epilepsy, mental retardation, and anticonvulsant therapy. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, 256–259.
  • King, B. H. (1991). Fluoxetine reduced self-injurious behavior in an adolescent with mental retardation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 1, 321–329.
  • LaVeck, G. D., & Buckley, P. (1961). The use of psychopharmacologic agents in retarded children with behavioral disorders. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 13, 174–183.
  • Leekman, J. F., Anderson, G. M., Cohen, D. J., Ort, S., Harcherik, D. F., & Hoder, E. L. (1984). Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's syndrome: Effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment. Life Science, 35, 2497–2503.
  • Le Vann, L. (1971). Clinical comparison of haloperidol with chlorpromazine in mentally retarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 75, 719–723.
  • Lipman, R. S., DiMascio, A., Reatig, N., & Kirson, T. (1978). Psychotropic drugs and mentally retarded children. In M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, & K. F. Killam (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress (pp. 1437–1449). New York: Raven Press.
  • Lovaas, O. I. (1977). Language development through behavior modification. New York: Wiley.
  • Lynch, D. M., Ehatamby, C. L. S., & Anderson, A. A. (1985). Pipothiazine palmitate in the management of aggressive mentally handicapped patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 525–529.
  • Marholin, D., Touchette, P. E., & Stewart, R. M. (1979). Withdrawal of chronic chlorpromazine medication: An experimental analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 159–171.
  • Markowitz, P. I. (1990). Fluoxetine treatment of self-injurious behavior in mentally retarded patients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 299–300.
  • Markowitz, P. I. (1992). Effect of fluoxetine on self-injurious behavior in the developmentally disabled: A preliminary study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, 27–31.
  • Martin, J. E., & Agran, M. (1985). Psychotropic and anticonvulsant drug use by mentally retarded adults across community residential and vocational placements. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 6, 33–49.
  • McNair, D. M. (1977). Antianxiety drugs and human performance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29, 611–617.
  • Moore, J. W. (1960). The effects of a tranquilizer (Thorazine) on the intelligence and achievement of educable mentally retarded women. Dissertation Abstracts, 20, 3200.
  • Naylor, G. J., Donald, J. M., LePoidevin, D., Reid, A. H. (1974). A double-blind trial of long-term lithium therapy in mental defectives. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 52–57.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (1985a). DOTES (Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 20, 1067–1068.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (1985b). STRESS (Subjective Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 20, 1073–1075.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (1986). Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Events (SAFTEE). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 22, 347–381.
  • Panksepp, J., & Lensing, P. (1991). Brief report: A synopsis of an open-trial of naltrexone treatment of autism with four children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 243–249.
  • Pelham, W. E. (1986). The effects of stimulant drugs on learning and achievement in hyperactive and learning-disabled children. In J. K. Torgesen & B. Wong (Eds.), Psychological and educational perspectives on learning disabilities (pp. 259–295). New York: Academic Press.
  • Pelham, W. E., Milich, R., Murphy, D. A., & Murphy, H. A. (1989). Normative data on the IOWA Conners teacher rating scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 259–262.
  • Physician's Desk Reference. (1993). Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Co.
  • Rapport, M. D., DuPaul, G. J., Stoner, G., & Jones, J. T. (1986). Comparing classroom and clinic measures of attention deficit disorder: Differential, idiosyncratic, and dose-response effects of methylphenidate. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 334–341.
  • Ratey, J. J., Morrill, R., & Oxenkrug, G. (1983). Use of propranolol for provoked and unprovoked episodes of rage. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1356–1357.
  • Reid, A. H., Naylor, G. J., & Kay, D. S. G. (1981). A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial of carbamazepine in overactive, severely mentally handicapped patients. Psychological Medicine, 11, 109–113.
  • Ricketts, R. W., Goza, A. B., Ellis, C. R., Singh, Y. N., Singh, N. N., & Cooke, J. C. (in press). Fluoxetine treatment of severe self-injury in young adults with mental retardation. Journal of the American Academy qf Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
  • Santilli, N., Dodson, W. E., & Walton, A. V. (1991). Students with seizures: A manual for school nurses. Cedar Grove, NJ: Health Scan Publications.
  • Santilli, N., & Sierzant, T. (1987). Advances in the treatment of epilepsy. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 19, 141–157.
  • Schain, R. J. (1979). Problems with the use of conventional anticonvulsant drugs in mentally retarded individuals. Brain and Development, 1, 77–82.
  • Schain, R. J., & Freedman, D. X. (1961). Studies on 5-hydroxyindole metabolism in autistic and other mentally retarded children. Journal of Pediatrics, 58, 315–320.
  • Schell, R. M., Pelham, W. E., Bender, M. E., Andree, J. A., Law, T., & Robbins, F. R. (1986). The concurrent assessment of behavioral and psychostimulant interventions: A controlled case study. Behavioral Assessment, 8, 373–384.
  • Selikowitz, M., Sunman, J., Pendergast, A., & Wright, S. (1990). Fenfluramine in Prader-Willi syndrome: A double blind, placebo controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 112–114.
  • Simpson, G. M., & Angus, J. W. S. (1970). A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia (Suppl. 212), 11–19.
  • Singh, N. N., & Aman, M. G. (1981). Effects of thioridazine dosage on the behavior of severely mentally retarded persons. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85, 580–587.
  • Strayhorn, J. M., Rapp, N., Donina, W., & Strain, P. S. (1988). Randomized trial of methylphenidate for an autistic child. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(2), 244–247.
  • Swanson, J., Kinsbourne, M., Roberts, W., & Zucker, K. (1978). Time-response analysis of the effect of stimulant medication on the learning ability of children referred for hyperactivity. Pediatrics, 61, 21–29.
  • Trimble, M. R., & Corbett, J. A. (1980). Behavioural and cognitive disturbances in epileptic children. Irish Medical Journal, 73, 21–28.
  • Ucer, E., & Kreger, C. (1969). A double-blind study comparing haloperidol with thioridazine in emotionally disturbed mentally retarded children. Current Therapeutic Research, 11, 278–283.
  • Walters, A., Singh, N. N., & Beale, I. L. (1977). Effects of lorazepam on hyperactivity in retarded children. New Zealand Medical Journal, 86, 473–475.
  • Werry, J. (1980). Imipramine and methylphenidate in hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 21, 27–35.
  • White, T. J., & Aman, M. G. (1985). Pimozide treatment in disruptive severely retarded patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 19, 92–94.
  • Williams, D. T., Mehl, R., Yudofsky, S., Adams, D., & Roseman, B. (1982). The effect of propranolol on uncontrolled rage outbursts in children and adolescents with organic brain dysfunction. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 129–135.
  • Wolf, S. M., & Forsythe, A. (1978). Behavior disturbances, phenobarbital, and febrile seizures. Pediatrics, 61, 728–731.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.