Does cord blood leptin level mediate the association between neonatal body size and postnatal growth? Results from the EDEN mother–child cohort study

References

• Asarian L, Geary N. 2006. Modulation of appetite by gonadal steroid hormones. Phil Trans R Soc B. 361(1471):1251–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asarian L, Geary N. 2013. Sex differences in the physiology of eating. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 305(11):R1215–1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashley-Martin J, Karaceper M, Dodds L, Arbuckle TE, Ettinger AS, Fraser WD, Muckle G, et al. 2020. An examination of sex differences in associations between cord blood adipokines and childhood adiposity. Pediatr Obes. 15(3):e12587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auwerx J, Staels B. 1998. Leptin. Leptin. Lancet. 351(9104):737–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron RM, Kenny DA. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 51(6):1173–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blondel B, Lelong N, Kermarrec M, Goffinet F, National CG,; of the National Perinatal Surveys. 2012. Trends in perinatal health in France from 1995 to 2010. Results from the French National Perinatal Surveys. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 41(4):e1–e15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boersma B, Wit JM. 1997. Catch-up growth. Endocr Rev. 18(5):646–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botton J, Scherdel P, Regnault N, Heude B, Charles MA, Group E-C.;EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group. 2014. Postnatal weight and height growth modeling and prediction of body mass index as a function of time for the study of growth determinants. Ann Nutr Metab. 65(2–3):156–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouret SG, Simerly RB. 2006. Developmental programming of hypothalamic feeding circuits. Clin Genet. 70(4):295–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodsky D, Christou H. 2004. Current concepts in intrauterine growth restriction. J Intensive Care Med. 19(6):307–319.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron N, Preece MA, Cole TJ. 2005. Catch-up growth or regression to the mean? Recovery from stunting revisited. Am J Hum Biol. 17(4):412–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetin I, Morpurgo PS, Radaelli T, Taricco E, Cortelazzi D, Bellotti M, Pardi G, et al. 2000. Fetal plasma leptin concentrations: relationship with different intrauterine growth patterns from19 weeks to term. Pediatr Res. 48(5):646–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LW, Tint MT, Fortier MV, Aris IM, Shek LP, Tan KH, Chan SY, et al. 2018. Which anthropometric measures best reflect neonatal adiposity? Int J Obes. 42(3):501–506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Wang L, Loh DH, Colwell CS, Tache Y, Reue K, Arnold AP. 2015. Sex differences in diurnal rhythms of food intake in mice caused by gonadal hormones and complement of sex chromosomes. Horm Behav. 75:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claris O, Beltrand J, Levy-Marchal C. 2010. Consequences of intrauterine growth and early neonatal catch-up growth. Semin Perinatol. 34(3):207–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumin F, Baum H-P, de Gasparo M, Levens N. 1997. Leptin is cleared from the circulation primarily by the kidney. Int J Obes. 21 (6):495–1126.
   Google Scholar
• Dearden L, Bouret SG, Ozanne SE. 2018. Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism. Mol Metab. 15:8–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerath EW, Towne B, Wisemandle W, Blangero J, Chumlea WC, Siervogel RM. 1999. Serum leptin concentration, body composition, and gonadal hormones during puberty. Int J Obes. 23(7):678–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbers JM, Asscheman H, Seidell JC, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Gooren LJ. 1997. Reversal of the sex difference in serum leptin levels upon cross-sex hormone administration in transsexuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82(10):3267–3270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton TR, Kim JH. 2013. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 13(1):59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman JM. 2009. Leptin, leptin receptors, and the control of body weight. Nutr Rev. 56(2 Pt 2):S38–S46.
   Google Scholar
• Gat-Yablonski G, Phillip M. 2015. Nutritionally-induced catch-up growth. Nutrients. 7(1):517–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godfrey KM, Barker DJ. 2001. Fetal programming and adult health. Public Health Nutr. 4(2B):611–624.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gohlke BC, Huber A, Hecher K, Fimmers R, Bartmann P, Roth CL. 2005. Fetal insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and ghrelin in association with birth weight and postnatal growth in monozygotic twins with discordant growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90(4):2270–2274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hediger ML, Overpeck MD, Maurer KR, Kuczmarski RJ, McGlynn A, Davis WW. 1998. Growth of infants and young children born small or large for gestational age: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 152(12):1225–1231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemachandra AH, Howards PP, Furth SL, Klebanoff MA. 2007. Birth weight, postnatal growth, and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project [Comparative Study Multicenter Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural]. Pediatrics. 119(6):e1264–1270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heude B, Forhan A, Slama R, Douhaud L, Bedel S, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Hankard R, et al. 2016. Cohort Profile: The EDEN mother-child cohort on the prenatal and early postnatal determinants of child health and development. Int J Epidemiol. 45(2):353–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isidori AM, Caprio M, Strollo F, Moretti C, Frajese G, Isidori A, Fabbri A. 1999. Leptin and androgens in male obesity: evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84(10):3673–3680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelenkovic A, Hur YM, Sund R, Yokoyama Y, Siribaddana SH, Hotopf M, Sumathipala A, et al. 2016. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994. Elife. 5:e20320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakosta P, Chatzi L, Plana E, Margioris A, Castanas E, Kogevinas M. 2011. Leptin levels in cord blood and anthropometric measures at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 25(2):150–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim-Motoyama H, Yamaguchi T, Katakura T, Miura M, Ohashi Y, Yazaki Y, Kadawaki T. 1997. Serum leptin levels are associated with hyperinsulinemia independent of body mass index but not with visceral obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 239(1):340–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laron Z. 2001. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): a growth hormone. Mol Pathol. 54(5):311–316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leger J, Noel M, Limal JM, Czernichow P. 1996. Growth factors and intrauterine growth retardation. II. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, and IGF-binding protein 3 levels in children with intrauterine growth retardation compared with normal control subjects: prospective study from birth to two years of age. Study Group of IUGR. Pediatr Res. 40(1):101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald PD, Ross SR, Grant L, Young D. 2003. Neonatal weight loss in breast and formula fed infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 88(6):F472–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantzoros CS, Rifas-Shiman SL, Williams CJ, Fargnoli JL, Kelesidis T, Gillman MW. 2009. Cord blood leptin and adiponectin as predictors of adiposity in children at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study. Pediatrics. 123(2):682–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda J, Yokota I, Iida M, Murakami T, Naito E, Ito M, Shima K, Kuroda Y. 1997. Serum leptin concentration in cord blood: relationship to birth weight and gender. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82(5):1642–1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onal EE, Cinaz P, Atalay Y, Turkyilmaz C, Bideci A, Akturk A, Okumus N, et al. 2004. Umbilical cord ghrelin concentrations in small- and appropriate-for-gestational age newborn infants: relationship to anthropometric markers. J Endocrinol. 180(2):267–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong KK, Ahmed ML, Sherriff A, Woods KA, Watts A, Golding J, Dunger DB. 1999. Cord blood leptin is associated with size at birth and predicts infancy weight gain in humans. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84(3):1145–1148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Popova P, Vasilyeva L, Tkachuck A, Puzanov M, Golovkin A, Bolotko Y, Pustozerov E, et al. 2018. A randomised, controlled study of different glycaemic targets during gestational diabetes treatment: effect on the level of adipokines in cord blood and ANGPTL4 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Endocrinol. 2018:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prader A. 1978. Catch-up growth. Postgrad Med J. 54 (Suppl 1):133–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regnault N, Botton J, Heude B, Forhan A, Hankard R, Foliguet B, Hillier TA, et al.; the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group. 2011. Higher cord C-peptide concentrations are associated with slower growth rate in the 1st year of life in girls but not in boys [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Diabetes. 60(8):2152–2159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retnakaran R, Ye C, Kramer CK. 2019. Stability of insulin and C-peptide measurement with long-term frozen storage of serum: Implications for diabetes research studies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 21(4):1058–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbloom AL. 2007. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) and rhIGF-I/rhIGF-binding-protein-3: new growth treatment options? J Pediatr. 150(1):7–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad MF, Damani S, Gingerich RL, Riad-Gabriel MG, Khan A, Boyadjian R, Jinagouda SD, et al. 1997. Sexual dimorphism in plasma leptin concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 82(2):579–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields BM, Knight B, Hopper H, Hill A, Powell RJ, Hattersley AT, Clark PM. 2007. Measurement of cord insulin and insulin-related peptides suggests that girls are more insulin resistant than boys at birth. Diabetes Care. 30(10):2661–2666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne JA, White IR, Carlin JB, Spratt M, Royston P, Kenward MG, Wood AM, Carpenter JR. 2009. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ. 338(jun29 1):b2393–b2393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhaeghe J, Van Bree R, Van Herck E, Laureys J, Bouillon R, Van Assche FA. 1993. C-peptide, insulin-like growth factors I and II, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in umbilical cord serum: correlations with birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 169(1):89–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkauskiene R, Beltrand J, Claris O, Chevenne D, Deghmoun S, Dorgeret S, Alison M, et al. 2007. Impact of fetal growth restriction on body composition and hormonal status at birth in infants of small and appropriate weight for gestational age. Eur J Endocrinol. 157(5):605–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, Sachdev HS. Maternal Child Undernutrition Study G. 2008. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet. 371(9609):340–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung EH, Sundaram R, Xie Y, Lawrence DA. 2018. Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth. Pediatr Obes. 13(8):505–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Hediger ML, Albert PS, Grewal J, Sciscione A, Grobman WA, Wing DA, et al. 2018. Association of maternal obesity with longitudinal ultrasonographic measures of fetal growth: findings from the NICHD fetal growth studies-singletons. JAMA Pediatr. 172(1):24–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar