Relation between commuting, leisure time physical activity and serum lipids in a Chinese urban population

References

• BERLIN, J. A., and COLDITZ, G. A., 1990, A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 132, 618–628.
   Google Scholar
• BERRIOS, X., KOPONEN, T., TIAN, H. G., KHALTAEV, N., PUSKA, P., NISSINEN, A. and 011 behalf of the Inter-Health sites, 1997, Distribution and prevalence of major risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in selected countries: the WHO Inter-Health Programme. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75, 99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIJNEEN, F., FESKENS, E., CASPERSEN, C., GASPERSEN, C. J., NISSINEN, A., MENOTTI, A., MOSTERD, W. L., and KROMHOUT, D., 1996, Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among elderly men in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands American Journal of Epidemiology, 143, 553–561.
   Google Scholar
• DURSTINE, J. L., PATE, R. R., SPARLING, P. B., WILSON, G. E., SE, M. D., and BARTOLI, W. P., 1987, Lipids, lipoprotein and iron status of elite women distance runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 8, 119–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EATON, C. B., LAPANE, K. L., GARBER, C. E., ASSAF, A. R., LASATER, T. M., and CARLETON, R. A., 1995, Physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 340–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIEDEWALD, W. T., LEVY, R. I., and FREDRICKSON, D. S., 1972, Estimation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 499–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAAPANEN, N., MIILUNPALO, S., VUORI, I., OJA, P., and PASANEN, M., 1996, Characteristics of leisure time physical activity associated with decreased risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 143, 870–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HELMERT, U., HERMAN, B., and SHEA, S., 1994, Moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Germany, 1984-1991. International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, 285–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENDRIKSEN, I. J., ZUIDERVELD, B., KEMPER, H. C., and BEZEMER, P. D., 2000, Effect of commuter cycling on physical performance of male and female employees. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 504–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HONG, Y., BOTS, M. L., PAN, X. W., WANG, H. Z., JIAN, H. G., HOFMAN, A., and CHEN, H. Z., 1994, Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in rural Shanghai, China. International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, 1154–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSIEH, S. D., YOSHINAGA, H., MUTO, T., and SAKURAI, Y., 1998, Regular physical activity and coronary risk factors in Japanese men. Circulation, 97, 661–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOUSILAHTI, P., VARTIAINEN, E., PEKKANEN, J., TUOMILEHTO, J., SUNDVALL, J., and PUSKA, P., 1998, Serum cholesterol distribution and coronary heart disease risk: Observations and predictions among middle-aged population in Eastern Finland. Circulation, 97, 1087–1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAPLAN, G. A., STRAWBRIDGE, W. J., COHEN, R. D., and HUNGERFORD, L. R., 1996, Natural history of leisure-time physical activity and its correlates: associated with mortality form all causes and cardiovascular diseases over 28 years. American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, 793–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAKKA, T. A., and SALONEN, J. T., 1992, Physical activity and serum: a cross-sectional population study in eastern Finnish men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 136, 806–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LECLERC, S., ALLARD, C., TALBOT, J., GAUVIN, R., and BOUCHARD, C., 1985, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, habitual physical activity and physical fitness. Atherosclerosis, 57, 43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEON, A. S., and CONNETT, J., 1991, Physical activity and 10.5 year mortality in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. International Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 690–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARRUGAT, J., ELOSUA, R., GOVAS, M. I., MOLINA, L., RUBIES-PRAT, J., and THE MARATHOM INVESTIGATORS, 1996, Amount and intensity of physical activity, physical fitness, and serum lipids in men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 143, 562–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTI, B., PEKKANEN, J., NISSINEN, A., KETOLA, A., KIVELA, S. L., PUNSAR, S., and KARVONEN, M. J, 1989, Association of physical activity with coronary risk factors and physical ability: twenty-year follow-up of a cohort of Finnish men. Age and Ageing, 18, 103–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENSINK, G. B., HEERSTRASS, D. W., NEPPELENBROEK, S. E., SCHUIT, A. J., and BELLACH, B. M., 1997, Intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity and coronary risk factors. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 1192–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOORE, C. E., HARTUNG, G. G., MITCHELL, R. E., KAPPUS, C. M., and HINDERLITTER, J., 1983, The relationship of exercise and diet on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in women. Metabolism, 32, 189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAFFENBARGER, R. S., HYDE, R. T., WING, A. L., LEE, I., JUNG, D. L., and KAMPERT, J. B, 1993, The association of change in physical activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men. New England Journal of Medicine, 328, 538–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SESSO, H. D., PAFFENBARGER, R. S., HA, T., and LEE, I.-M., 1999, Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, 408–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAO, S., LI, Y., XIAO, Z., CEN, R., ZHANG, H., ZHUO, Y., ZHOU, B., CHEN, P., LI, Y., FOLSOM, A. T., WARNICK, G. R., and WILLIAMS, 0. D., 1993, Serum lipids and their correlates in Chinese urban and rural population of Beijing and Guangzhou. International Journal of Epidemiology, 21, 893–903.
   Google Scholar
• THUNE, I., NJOLSTAD, I., LOCHEN, M. L., and FORDE, 0. H., 1998, Physical activity improves the meta-bolic risk profiles in men and women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1633–1640.
   Google Scholar
• TIAN, H. G., NAN, Y., LIANG, X. Q., YANG, X. L., SHAD, R. C., PIETINEN, P., and NISSINEN, A., 1995, Relationship between serum lipids and dietary and non-dietary factors in a Chinese population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 49, 871–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TIKKANEN, H. 0., WeimALAINEN, E., SARNA, S., ADLERCREUTZ, H., and WeiRKöNEN, M., 1998, Association between skeletal muscle properties, physical fitness, physical activity and coronary heart disease risk factors in men. Atherosclerosis, 137, 377–389.
   Google Scholar
• WOOD, P. D., 1994, Physical activity, diet, and health independent and interactive effects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 838–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar