References
- Adler P, Adler-Hradecky C. Eruption times of the upper and lower third molars. Acta Genetica 1962; 12: 366–376
- Anderson DL, Thompson GW, Popovich F. Age attainment of mineralization stages of the dentition. J Forensic Sci 1976; 21: 191–200
- Ajmani ML, Jain SP. Eruption age of teeth in Nigeria. Anat Anz 1984; 157: 245–252
- Arany S, Iino M, Yoshioka N. Radiographic survey of third molar development in relation to chronological age among Japanese juveniles. J Forensic Sci 2004; 49: 534–538
- Baba-Kawano S, Toyoshima Y, Regalado L, Sa‘do B, Nakasima A. Relationship between congenitally missing lower third molars and late formation of tooth germs. Angle Orthod 2002; 72: 112–117
- Banks V, Banks AB. Incidence of third molar development. Angle Orthod 1934; 4: 223–233
- Barter MA, Evans WG, Smit GL, Becker PJ. Cephalometric analysis of a Sotho-Tswana group. J Dent Assoc S Afr 1995; 50: 539–544
- Bastir M, Rosas A, Kuroe K. Petrosal orientation and mandibular ramus breadth: Evidence for an integrated petroso-mandibular developmental unit. Am J Phys Anthropol 2004; 123: 340–350
- Bhat VJ, Kamath GP. Age estimation from root development of mandibular third molars in comparison with skeletal age of wrist joint. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007; 28: 238–241
- Biçakçi AA, Sökücü O, Babacan H, Köşger HH. Mesial migration effect on root morphology of mandibular third molars. Angle Orthod 2007; 77: 73–76
- Bolaños MV, Moussa H, Manrique MC, Bolaños MJ. Radiographic evaluation of third molar development in Spanish children and young people. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 133: 212–219
- Blankenship JA, Mincer HH, Anderson KM, Woods, Burton EL. Third molar development in the estimation of chronological age in American Blacks as compared with Whites. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52: 428–433
- Bjork A. Some biological aspects of prognathism and occlusion of the teeth. Acta Odont Scand 1950; 9: 1–40
- Boughner JC, Dean MC. Does space in the jaw influence the timing of molar crown initiation? A model using baboons (Papio anubis) and great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus). J Hum Evol 2004; 46: 255–277
- Brown T. Tooth emergence in Australian Aboriginals. Ann Hum Biol 1978; 5: 41–54
- Burris BG, Harris EF. Maxillary arch size and shape in American Blacks and Whites. Angle Orthod 2000; 70: 297–302
- Carothers JC. Age and wisdom teeth in Africans. East African Med J 1947; 24: 304–306
- Cevidanes LH, Franco AA, Gerig G, Proffit WR, Slice DE, Enlow DH, Yamashita HK, Kim YJ, Scanavini MA, Vigorito JW. Assessment of mandibular growth and response to orthopedic treatment with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 128: 16–26
- Chagula WK. The age at eruption of third permanent molars in male East Africans. Am J Phys Anthropol 1960; 18: 77–82
- Choi JH, Kim CY. A study of correlation between the development of the third molar and second molar as an aid in age determination [in Korean]. J Kor Acad Oral Med 1991; 16: 121–134
- Clow IM. A radiographic survey of third molar development: A comparison. Br J Orthod 1984; 11: 9–11
- Daito M, Tanaka M, Hieda T. Clinical observations on the development of third molars. J Osaka Dent Univ 1992; 26: 91–104
- Demisch A, Wartmann P. Calcification of the mandibular third molar and its relation to skeletal and chronological age in children. Child Dev 1956; 27: 459–473
- De Salvia A, Calzetta C, Orrico M, De Leo D. Third mandibular molar radiological development as an indicator of chronological age in a European population. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 46S: 9–12
- Elomaa M, Elomaa ME. Third molar aplasia and formation in orthodontic patients. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1973; 69: 141–146
- Enlow DH. Facial growth, 3rd. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1990
- Engström C, Engström H, Sagne S. Lower third molar development in relation to skeletal maturity and chronological age. Angle Orthod 1983; 53: 97–106
- Eveleth PB, Tanner JM. Worldwide variation in human growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990
- Fanning EA. Third molar emergence in Bostonians. Am J Phys Anthropol 1962; 20: 339–345
- Fanning EA. Primary and permanent tooth development. Austr Dent J 1971; 16: 41–43
- Friedrich RE, Ulbricht C, Von Maydell LA. The influence of wisdom tooth impaction on root formation. Ann Anat 2003; 185: 481–492
- Garn SM, Lewis AB, Bonné B. Third molar formation and its developmental course. Angle Orthod 1962; 32: 270–279
- Garn SM, Lewis AB, Vicinus JH. Third molar polymorphism and its significance to dental genetics. J Dent Res 1963; 42(Suppl 6)1344–1363
- Gonzelaz NMM, Del Rosario LME. Radiographic study of formation and calcification of the third molar [in spanish]. Pract Odontol 1990; 11: 27–31
- Gorgani N, Sullivan RE, DuBois L. A radiographic investigation of third-molar development. J Dent Child 1990; 57: 106–110
- Gravely JF. A radiographic survey of third molar development. Br Dent J 1965; 119: 397–401
- Guerisoli DMZ, De Souza RA, De Sousa Neto MD, Silva RG, Pécora JD. External and internal anatomy of third molars. Braz Dent J 1998; 9: 91–94
- Gunasekera AC. Cephalometric changes with dento-facial growth and development of Bangladeshi children living in the Tower Hamlets area of London and their perceived and normative need for orthodontic treatment. MSc thesis. University of London. 1993
- Gunst K, Mesotten K, Carbonez, Willems G. Third molar root development in relation to chronological age: A large sample sized retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 136: 52–57
- Haavikko K. The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1970; 66: 103–170
- Harris EF. Mineralization of the mandibular third molar: A study of American Blacks and Whites. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007; 132: 98–109
- Harris EF, Buck AL. Tooth mineralization: A technical note on the Moorrees–Fanning–Hunt standards. Dent Anthropol 2002; 16: 15–20
- Harris JE, Kowalski CJ, LeVasseur FA, Nasjleti CE, Walker GF. Age and race as factors in craniofacial growth and development. J Dent Res 1977; 56: 266–274
- Harris MJ, Nortjé CJ. The mesial root of the third mandibular molar. A possible indicator of age. J Forensic Odonto-Stomatol 1984; 2: 39–43
- Hassanali J, Odhiambo JW. Age of eruption of the permanent teeth in Kenyan African and Asian children. Ann Hum Biol 1981; 8: 425–434
- Houpt MI, Adu-Aryee S, Grainger RM. Eruption times of permanent teeth in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Am J Orthod 1967; 53: 95–99
- Jacobson A, Oosthuizen L. The craniofacial skeleton pattern of the South African Bantu. J Dent Assoc S A 1970; 25: 361–365
- Köhler S, Schmelzle R, Loitz C, Püschel K. Die Entwicklung des Weisheitszahnes als Kriterium der Lebensalterbestimmung. Ann Anat 1994; 176: 339–345
- Kullman L, Johanson G, Akesson L. Root development of the lower third molar and its relation to chronological age. Swed Dent J 1992; 16: 161–167
- Legović M, Mady L, Župan M, Ceranić I, Bajan M. [Development of wisdom teeth in children in two geographic regions of Croatia]. Minerva Stomatol 1997; 46: 103–108
- Levesque GY, Demirjian A, Tanguay R. Sexual dimorphism in the development, emergence and agenesis of the mandibular third molar. J Dent Res 1981; 60: 1735–1741
- Lin YF. Study on morphology of mandibular corpus and ramus influencing the eruption of mandibular first permanent molar. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 1993; 40: 17–28
- MacKay DH, Martin WJ. Dentition and physique of Bantu children. J Trop Med 1952; 55: 265–275
- Malcolm LA. Growth and development of the Bundi child of the New Guinea highlands. Hum Biol 1970; 42: 293–328
- Malcolm LA, Bue B. Eruption times of permanent teeth and the determination of age in New Guinean children. Trop Geogr Med 1970; 22: 307–312
- Martin-de las Heras S, Garcia-Fortea P, Ortega A, Zodocovich S, Valenzuela A. Third molar development according to chronological age in populations from Spanish and Magrebian origin. Forensic Sci Int 2008; 174: 47–53
- Meinl A, Tangl, Huber C, Maurer B, Watzek G. The chronology of third molar mineralization in the Austrian population – a contribution to forensic age estimation. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 169: 161–167
- Mesotten K, Gunst K, Carbonez A, Willems G. Chronological age determination based on the root development of a single third molar: A retrospective study based on 2513 OPGs. J Forensic Odonto-Stomat 2003; 21: 31–35
- Mincer HH, Harris EF, Berryman HE. The A.B.F.O. study of third molar development and its use as an estimator of chronological age. J Forensic Sci 1993; 38: 379–390
- Mok YY, Ho KK. Congenitally absent third molars in 12 to 16 year old Singaporean Chinese patients: A retrospective radiographic study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1996; 25: 828–830
- Moorrees CFA, Fanning EA, Hunt EE. Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. J Dent Res 1963; 42: 1490–1502
- Mugonzibwa EA, Eskeli R, Kuijpers-Jagtman, Laine-Alava MR, Van‘t Hof MA. Occlusal characteristics during difference emergence stages of the permanent dentition in Tanzanian Bantu and Finnish children. Eur J Orthod 2004; 26: 251–260
- Nayak SK, Patel S. Age of eruption of permanent teeth and its sequence among the Tibetan refugees. J Ind Med Assoc 1977; 69: 146–149
- Nortjé CJ. The permanent mandibular third molar. Its value in age determination. J Forensic Odonto-Stomatol 1983; 1: 27–331
- Nortjé CJ, Harris AMP. The mandibular third molar as indicator of age in the Black population. Abstract, 4th European Congress Dental Maxillofacial Radiology 1993
- Nyström M, Ranta HM, Peltola S, Kataja JM. Timing of developmental stages in permanent mandibular teeth of Finns from birth to age 25. Acta Odont Scand 2007; 65: 36–43
- Olive RJ, Basford KE. Transverse dento-skeletal relationships and third molar impactions. Angle Orthod 1981; 51: 41–47
- Olze A, Taniguchi M, Schmeling A, Zhu B, Yamada Y, Maeda H, Geserick G. Comparative study on the chronology of third molar mineralization in a Japanese and a German population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2003; 5: S256–60
- Olze A, Taniguchi M, Schmeling A, Zhu B, Yamada Y, Maeda H, Geserick G. Studies on the chronology of third molar mineralization in a Japanese population. Legal Med 2004; 6: 73–79
- Olze A, Van Niekerk P, Schmidt S, Wernecke KD, Rösing FW, Geserick G, Schmeling A. Studies on the progress of third-molar mineralisation in a Black African population. Homo 2006; 53: 209–217
- Onda S, Minemura R, Masaki T, Funatsu S. Shape and number of the roots of the permanent molar teeth. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 1989; 30: 221–231
- Orhan K, Ozer L, Orhan AI, Dogan S, Paksoy CS. Radiographic evaluation of third molar development in relation to chronological age among Turkish children and youth. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 165: 46–51
- Otuyemi OD, Ugboko VI, Ndukwe KC, Adekoya-Sofowora CA. Eruption times of third molars in young rural Nigerians. Int Dent J 1997; 47: 266–270
- Prieto JL, Barberia E, Ortega R, Magana C. Evaluation of chronological age based on third molar development in the Spanish population. Int J Legal Med 2005; 119: 349–354
- Ramaraj S. An evaluation of arch dimensions and occlusal features in an East London Bangladeshi population. MSc thesis. University of London. 1990
- Rantanen AV. The age of eruption of the third molar teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 1967; 25(Suppl)1–86
- Reid DJ, Dean MC. Variations in modern human enamel formation times. J Hum Evol 2006; 50: 329–346
- Richardson ER, Malhotra SK, Semenya K. Longitudinal study of three views of mandibular third molar eruption in males. Am J Orthod 1984; 86: 119–129
- Rozkovcová E, Markova M, Lanik J, Zvarova J. Development of third molar in the Czech Population. Prague Med Rep 2004; 105: 391–410
- Sarnat H, Kaffe I, Porat J, Amir E. Developmental stage of the third molar in Israeli children. Pediatr Dent 2003; 25: 373–377
- Savage M. A dental investigation of Bantu children. Angle Orthod 1963; 33: 105–109
- Seedat AK. Cephalometric analysis of a group of Cape Coloureds. J Dent Assoc S Afr 1983; 38: 673–675
- Shaw JCM. The teeth, the bony palate and the mandible in Bantu Races of South Africa. John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, London 1931
- Sidhu LS, Gupta P. Sequence and age of eruption of permanent teeth in the Punjabi population of Patiala. East Anthropol 1973; 26: 261–270
- Sisman Y, Uysal T, Yagmur F, Ramoglu SI. Third-molar development in relation to chronological age in Turkish children and young adults. Angle Orthod 2007; 77: 1040–1045
- Smith BH. Standards of human tooth formation and dental age assessment. In: Kelley M, Larsen CS, editors. Advances in dental anthropology. Alan R. Liss, New York 1991; 143–168
- Solari AC, Abramovitch AK. The accuracy and precision of third molar development as an indicator of chronological age in Hispanics. J Forensic Sci 2002; 47: 531–535
- Suk V. Eruption and decay of permanent teeth in whites and negroes, with comparative remarks on other races. Am J Phys Anthropol 1919; 2: 351–388
- Takahama Y, Otawa T. The third molar agenesis in Japanese adolescents. J Anthrop Soc Nippon 1982; 90: 359–364
- Thompson GW, Popovitch F, Anderson DL. Third molar agenesis in the Burlington Growth Centre in Toronto. Com Dent Oral Epid 1974; 2: 187–192
- Thompson GW, Anderson DL, Popovich F. Sexual dimorphism in dentition mineralization. Growth 1975; 39: 289–301
- Thorson J, Hägg U. The accuracy and precision of the third mandibular molar as an indicator of chronological age. Swed Dent J 1991; 1: 15–22
- Tompkins RL. Human population variability in relative dental development. Am J Phys Anthropol 1996; 99: 79–102
- Trisović D, Markovic M, Starcevic M. Observations of the development of third mandibular molars. Trans Eur Orthod 1977; 147–157
- Uslenghi S, Liversidge HM, Wong FSL. A radiographic study of tooth development in hypodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2005; 51: 129–133
- Uzamiş M, Kansu O, Taner TU, Alpar R. Radiographic evaluation of third molar development in a group of Turkish children. J Dent Child 2000; 67: 136–141
- Willershausen B, Loffler N, Schulze R. Analysis of 1202 orthopantograms to evaluate the potential of forensic age determination based on third molar developmental stages. Eur J Med Res 2001; 6: 377–384
- Willis TA. The impacted mandibular molar. Angle Orthod 1966; 36: 165–168
- Yamada H. Third molar emergence in a modern Japanese Population. J Anthrop Soc Nippon 1992; 100: 425–432
- Yamada H, Kawamoto K, Tairea T, Rere TV. Early emergence time of permanent teeth in children of the Cook Islands. Man Culture Oceania 1992; 8: 1–18
- Yavuz I, Baydaş B, Ikbul A, Dağsuyay, Ceylan I. Effects of early loss of permanent first molars on the development of third molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130: 634–638