134
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Caregiving and cardiovascular disease risk factors in male and female Luo elders from Kenya

, , &
Pages 400-410 | Received 01 May 2008, Published online: 21 Jul 2009

References

  • Adler N, Singh-Manoux A, Schwartz J, Stewart J, Matthews K, Marmot MG. Social status and health: A comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in CARDIA. Soc Sci Med 2008; 66: 1034–1045
  • Agyarko RD, Kalache A, Kowal P. Older people, children and the HIV/AIDS nexus. UNAIDS, Geneva 2000
  • American Diabetes Association. 2006. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Clinical Practice Recommendations 2005. Diabetes Care 2:S3–S42.
  • Colhoun HM, Hemingway H, Poulter NR. Socio-economic status and blood pressure: An overview analysis. J Hum Hypertens 1998; 12: 91–110
  • Dahlem NW, Zimet GD, Walker RR. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support: A confirmation study. J Clin Psychol 1991; 47: 756–761
  • Dayton J, Ainsworth M. The elderly and AIDS: Coping with the impact of adult death in Tanzania. Social Sci Med 2004; 59: 2161–2172
  • Fernald LCH, Adler NE. Blood pressure and socioeconmic status in low-income women in Mexico: A reverse gradient?. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2008; 62: e8
  • Gilborn LZ, Nyonyintono R, Kabumbuli R, Jagwe-Wadda G. Making a difference for children affected by AIDS: Baseline findings from operations research in Uganda. Population Council, New York 2001
  • Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH. The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2000; 25: 1–35
  • HelpAge International. 2002. HIV/AIDS and older people: The Africa situation. Nairobi: HelpAge International.
  • Ice GH, Zidron AM, Juma E. Health and health perceptions among Kenyan grandparents. J Cross Cultural Gerontol 2008; 23: 111–129
  • Jackson KN, Horwitz S, Yogo J, Ice GH. Nutrition transition and health consequences among Kenyan elders. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 19: 261
  • Kannel W, Cupples L, Ramaswami R, Stokes Kreger B, Jr, Higgins M. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease; the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44: 183–190
  • Kaplan GA, Keil JE. Socioeconmic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature. Circulation 1993; 88: 1973–1998
  • Labarthe DR, Blaufox MD, Smith WM, Lacy CR, Schnaper H, LaBaw F, Mascioli S, Davey J, Lakatos E. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Part 5: Baseline blood pressure and pulse rate measurements. Hypertension 1991; 17: II62–76
  • Lee CM, Gotlib IH. Adjustment of children of depressed mothers: A 10-month follow-up. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: P473–P477
  • Lee DD, Kimura S, DeQuattro V. Noradrenergic activity and silent ischaemia in hypertensive patients with stable angina: Effect of metoprolol. Lancet 1989; 1: 403–406
  • Lee S, Colditz G, Berkman L, Kawachi I. Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. women: A prospective study. Am J Prevent Med 2003a; 24: 113–119
  • Lee S, Colditz G, Berkman L, Kawachi I. Caregiving to children, grandchildren, risk of coronary heart disease in women. Am J Public Health 2003b; 93: 1939–1944
  • Levin C. Social functioning. Assessing older persons, RL Kane, RA Kane. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2000; 170–199
  • Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Human Kinetics Books, Champaign 1988
  • Mensah GA, Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Greenlund KJ, Croft JB. State of disparities in cardiovascular health in the United States. Circulation 2005; 111: 1233–1241
  • National Council for Population and Development. 1999. Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc.
  • Njelekela M, Negishi H, Nara Y, Tomohiro M, Kuga S, Noguchi T, Kanda T, Yamori M, Mashalla Y, Jian Liu L, Mtabaji J, Ikeda K, Yamori Y. Cardiovascular risk factors in Tanzania: A revisit. Acta Tropica 2001; 79: 231–239
  • Nyambedha E, Wandibba S, Aagaard-Hansen J. Changing patterns of orphan care due to the HIV epidemic in western Kenya. Social Sci Med 2003; 57: 301–311
  • Orner P. Psychosocial impacts on caregivers of people living with AIDS. AIDS Care 2006; 18: 236–240
  • Rafanelli C, Roncuzzi R, Milaneschi Y, Tomba E, Colistro M, Pancaldi L, Di Pasquale G. Stressful life events, depression and demoralization as risk factors for acute coronary heart disease. Psychother Psychosom 2005; 74: 179–184
  • Sarason I, Levin HM, Basham RB, Sarason BR. Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. J Personal Social Psychol 1983; 44: 127–139
  • Schulz R, Beach SR. Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality: The Caregiver Health Effects Study. JAMA 1999; 282: 2215–2219
  • Shaw WS, Patterson TL, Ziegler MG, Dimsdale JE, Semple SJ, Grant I. Accelerated risk of hypertensive blood pressure recording among Alzheimer caregivers. J Psychosom Res 1999; 46: P215–P227
  • Uchino BN, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Cacioppo JT. Age-related changes in cardiovascular response as a function of a chronic stressor and social support. J Personal Social Psychol 1992; 63: 839–846
  • UNAIDS. 2002. Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS.
  • UNAIDS. 2006. 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
  • UNAIDS/UNICEF. 2004. Children on the brink 2004. A Joint Report of New Orphan Estimates and a Framework for Action. New York United Nations Children's FUnd.
  • UNAIDS/WHO. 2003. AIDS Epidemic Update (UNAIDS/03.39E). Geneva UNAIDS/WHO.
  • WHO. 2001a. Atlas of heart disease and stroke. Geneva World Health Organization.
  • WHO. 2001b. The World Health Report. Geneva World Health Organization.
  • Wilson P, D'Agostino R, Levy D, Belanger A, Silbershatz H, Kannel W. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998; 97: 1837–1847

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.