32
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Strength and its relationship to changes in fat-free mass, total body potassium, total body water and IGF-1 in adults with growth hormone deficiency: effect of treatment with growth hormone

, , &
Pages 63-78 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • ASTRAND, P. 0., and RODAHL, K., 1986, Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise, 3rd edition (London McGraw Hill).
  • BANG, P., ERIKSSON, U., SARA, V., WIVALL, I.-L., and HALL, K., 1991, Comparison of acid ethanol extraction and acid gel filtration prior to IGF-1 and IGF-11 radioimmunoassays: improvement of determinations in acid ethanol extracts by the use of truncated IGF-1 radioligand. Acta Endocrinologica, 124, 620–629.
  • BELL, W., DAVIES, J. S., EVANS, W. D., and SCANLON, M. F., 1995a, The validity of estimating total body fat and fat-free mass from skinfold thickness in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 630–636.
  • BELL, W., DAVIES, J. S., EVANS, W. D., and SCANLON, M. F., 1995b, Activity, body composition and lipoprotein concentrations in growth hormone deficient adults. In Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics, edited by G. Atkinson and T. Reilly (London: E & FN Spon), pp. 48–53.
  • BESHYAH, S. A., FREEMANTLE, C., SHAHI, M., ANYAOKU, V., MERSON, S., LYNCH, S., SKINNER, E., SHAR PP, FOALE, R., and JOHNSTON, D. G., 1995, Replacement treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone in growth hormone-deficient hypopituitary adults. Clinical Endocrinology, 42, 73–84.
  • COLT, E. W. D., WANG, J., STALLONE, F., VAN ITALLIE, T. B., and PIERSON, R. N., 1981, A possible low intracellular potassium in obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, 367–372.
  • CUNEO, R. C., SALOMON, F., MCGAULEY, G. A., and SONKSEN, P. H., 1992a, The growth hormone deficiency syndrome in adults. Clinical Endocrinology, 37, 387–397.
  • CUNEO R. C., SALOMON, F., WILES, C. M., HESP, R., and SONKSEN, P. H., 1991, Growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults. I. Effects on muscle mass and strength. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70, 688–694.
  • CUNEO, R. C., SALOMON, F., WILES, C. M., ROUND, J. M., JONES, D., HESP, R., and SONKSEN, P. H., 1992b, Histology of skeletal muscle in adults with GH deficiency: comparison with normal muscle and response to GH treatment Hormone Research, 37, 23–28.
  • CUNEO, R. C., SALOMON, F., WILES, C. M., and SONKSEN, P. H., 1990, Skeletal muscle performance in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Hormone Research, 33 (Suppl 4), 55–60.
  • DANIEL, W. W., 1995, Biostatistics: a Foundation for the Analysis of the Health Sciences, 6th edition (New York: John Wiley and Sons).
  • DAVIES, M. j., and DALSKY, G. P., 1997, Normalizing strength for body size differences in older adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 713–717.
  • DAVIES, J. S., BELL, W., EVANS, W. D., VILLis, R. J., and SCANLON, M. F., 1996, Body composition derived from whole body counting of potassium in growth hormone-deficient adults: a possible low intracellular potassium concentration Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 1720–1723.
  • DE BOER, H., BLOK, G.-J., and VAN DER VEEN, E. A., 1995, Clinical aspects of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Endocrine Reviews, 16, 63–86.
  • EDWARDS, R. H. T., YOUNG, A., Hosicsrc, G. P., and JONES, D. A., 1977, Human skeletal muscle function: description of tests and normal values. Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine, 52, 283–290.
  • ELL. is, K. J., 1996, Whole-body counting and neutron activation analysis. In Human Body Composition, edited by A. F. Roche, S. B. Heymsfield and T. G Lohman (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), pp. 45–61.
  • FLYNN, M. A., NOLPH, G. B., BAKER A. S., MARTIN, W. M., and KRAUSE, G., 1989, Total body potassium in aging humans: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 713–717.
  • HALL, M. J., SNELL, G. I., SIDE, E. A., ESMORE, D. S., WALTERS, E. H., and WILLIAMS, T. J., 1994, Exercise, potassium, and muscle deconditioning post-thoracic organ transplantation Journal of Applied Physiology, 77, 2784–2790.
  • HEW, F. L., ALFORD, F. P., CHRISTOPHER, M., RANTZ AU, C., KOSCHMANN, M., O'NEAL, D., WARD, G., and BEST, J. D., 1996, Effects of growth hormone deficiency and therapy in adults on skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, lipid profiles and regional body composition Endocrinology and Metabolism, 3 (suppl A), 55–60.
  • HEYMSFIELD, S. B., LICHTMAN, A., BAUMGARTNER, R. N., WANG, J., KAMEN, Y., ALIPRANTIS, A., and PIERSON, R. N., 1990, Body composition of humans: comparison of two improved four-compart-ment models that differ in expense, technical complexity, and radiation exposure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52, 52–58.
  • JORGENSEN, J. 0. L., MULLER, J., MOLLER, J., WOLTHERS, T., VAHL, N., JuuL, A., SKAKKEBAEK, N. E., and CHRISTIANSEN, J. S., 1994a, Adult growth hormone deficiency. Hormone Research, 42, 235–241.
  • JORGENSEN, J. 0. L., PEDERSEN, S. A., THUESEN, L., JORGENSEN, J., INGEMANN -HANSEN, T., SKAKKEBAEK, N. E., and CHRISTIANSEN, J. S., 1989, Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults. Lancet, 1, 1221–1225.
  • JORGENSEN, J. 0. L., PEDERSEN, S. A., THUESEN, L., JORGENSEN, J., MOLLER, J., MULLER, J., SKAKKEBAEK, N. E., and CHRISTIANSEN, J. S., 1991, Long-term growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient adults. Acta Erzdocrinologica (Copenh), 125, 449–453.
  • JORGENSEN, J. 0. L., THUESEN, L., MULLER, J., OVESEN, P., SKAKKEBAEK, N. E., and CHRISTIANSEN, J. S., 1994b, Three years of growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults: near normalization of body composition and physical performance. European Journal of Endocrinology, 130, 224–228.
  • JORGENSEN, J. 0. L., VAHL, N., HANSEN, T. B., THUESEN, L., HAGEN, C., and CHRISTENSEN, J. S., 1996, Growth hormone versus placebo treatment for one year in growth hormone deficient adults: increase in exercise capacity and normalization of body composition. Clinical Endocrinology, 45, 681–688.
  • LANDIN, K., PETRUSON, B., JAKOBSSON, K.-E., and BENGTSSON, B.-A., 1993, Skeletal muscle sodium and potassium changes after successful surgery in acromegaly: relation to body composition, blood glucose, plasma insulin and blood pressure. Acta adocrinologica, 128, 418–422.
  • LEWIS, M. K., BLAKE, G. M., and FOGELMAN, I., 1994, Patient dose in dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis International, 4, 11–15.
  • LOHMAN, T. G., 1966, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In Human Body Composition, edited by A. F. Roche, S. B. Heymsfield and T. G.Lohman (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), pp. 63–78.
  • MC GAULEY, G. A., CUNEO, R. C., SALOMON, F., and SONKSEN, P. H., 1990, Psychological well-being before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Hormone Research, 33 (Supplement 4), 52–54.
  • NEVILL, A. m., and HOLDER R. L., 1995, Scaling, normalizing, and per ratio standards: an allometric approach. Journal of Applied Physiology, 79, 1027–1031.
  • PACE, N., and RATHBUN, E. N., 1945, Studies on body composition III. The body water and chemically combined nitrogen content in relation to fat content Journal of Biological Chemistry, 158, 685–691.
  • PATEL, T. J., RICHARD, M. S., and LIEBER, L., 1997, Force transmission in skeletal muscle: from acto-myosin to external tendons. In Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, vol 25, edited by J. 0. Holloszy (London Williams and Wilkins), pp. 321–363.
  • PICKETT, J. B. E., LAYZ ER, R. B., LEVIN, S. R., SCHNEIDER, V., CAMPBELL, M. J., and SUMNER, A. J., 1975, Neuromuscular complications of acromegaly. Neurology, 25, 638–645.
  • PREECE, M. A., ROUND, J. M., and JONES, D. A., 1987, Growth hormone deficiency in adults—an indication for therapy? Acta Pae&atrica Scandinavica, 331 (suppl), 76–79.
  • ROGOL, A. D., 1989, Growth hormone: physiology, therapeutic use, and potential for abuse. In Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, vol 17, edited by K B. Pandolf (London: Wilkins and Williams), pp. 353–377.
  • ROSEN, T., JOHANNSSON, G., HALLGREN, P., CAIDAHL, K., BOSAEUS, I., and BENGTSSON, B.-A., 1994b, Beneficial effects of 12 months replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone to growth hormone deficient adults. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1, 55–66.
  • ROSEN, T., WIREN, L., WILHELSMEN, I. W., and BENGTSSON, B.-A., 1994a, Decreased psychological well-being in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Clinical Endocrinology, 40, 111–116.
  • RUTHERFORD, 0. M., BESHYAH, S. A., and JOHNSTON, D. G., 1994, Quadriceps strength before and after growth hormone replacement in hypopituitary adults: relationship to changes in lean body mass and IGF-1. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1,41–47.
  • RUTHERFORD, 0. M., BESHYAH, S. A., SCHOTT, J., WATKINS, Y., and JOHNSTON, D. G., 1995, Contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle in growth hormone-deficient hypopituitary adults. Clinical Science, 88, 67–71.
  • RUTHERFORD, 0. M., JONES, D. A., ROUND, J. M., BuCHANAN, C. R., and PREECE, M. A., 1991, Changes in skeletal muscle and body composition after discontinuation of growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient young adults. Clinical Endocrinology, 34, 469–475.
  • SAGILD, U., ANDERSEN, V., and ANDREASEN, P. B., 1961, Glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in experimental potassium depletion. Acta Illdica Scandinavica, 169, 243–251.
  • SARTORIO, A., NARICI, M., CONTI, A., MONZ ANI, M., and FAGLIA, G., 1995, Quadriceps and hand-grip strength in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency. European Journal of Endocrinology, 132, 37–41.
  • SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, K., 1991, Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • SCHOELLER, D. A., 1996, Hydrometry, In Human Body Composition, edited by A. F. Roche, S. B. Heymsfield and T. G Lohman (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), pp. 25–43.
  • STABLER, B., TURNER, J, R., GIRDLER, S. S., LIGHT, K. c., and UNDERWOOD, L. E., 1992, Reactivity to stress and psychological adjustment in adults with pituitary insufficiency. Clinical Endocrinology, 36, 467–473.
  • VANDERBURGH, P. M., MAHAR, M. T., and HAD CHOU, C., 1995, Allometric scaling of grip strength by body mass in college-age men and women. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66, 80–84.
  • WHITEHEAD, H. M., BOREHAM, C., MCILRATH, E. M., SHERIDAN, B., KENNEDY, L., BREW ATKINSON, A., and HADDEN, D. R., 1992, Growth hormone treatment of adults with growth hormone defi-ciency: results of a 13-month placebo controlled cross-over study. Clinical Endocrinology, 36, 45–52.
  • WHITEHEAD, H. M., GILLILAND, J. S., ALLEN, IN., and HAPPEN, D. R., 1989, Growth hormone treat-ment in adults with growth hormone deficiency effect on muscle fibre size and proportions. Acta Pae&atrica Scandinavica, 356 (suppl), 65–67.
  • WILES, C. m., KARNI, Y., and NICKLIN, j., 1990, Laboratory testing of muscle function in the manage-ment of neuromuscular diseases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 53, 384–387.
  • WOMERSLEY, J., BODDY, K., KING, P. c., and DURNIN, J. V. G. A., 1972, A comparison of the fat free mass of young adults estimated by anthropometry, body density and total body potassium content. Clinical Science, 43, 469–475.
  • WOMERSLEY J., DURNIN, J. V. G. A., BODDY, K., and MAHAFFY, M., 1976, Influence of muscular devel-opment, obesity and age on the fat-free mass of adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 41, 223–229.
  • YARASHESKI, K. E., 1994, Growth hormone effects on metabolism, body composition, muscle mass and strength. In Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, vol 22, edited by J. 0. Holloszy (London: Williams and Wilkins), pp. 285–312.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.