How higher education institutions contribute to the growth in regions of Europe?

References

• Abel, J. R., and R. Deitz. 2011. “The Role of Colleges and Universities in Building Local Human Capital.” Current Issues in Economics and Finance 17 (6): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bathelt, H., A. Malmberg, and P. Maskell. 2004. “Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation.” Progress in Human Geography 28: 31–56. doi: 10.1191/0309132504ph469oa
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betts, J., and C. W. B. Lee. 2005. “Universities as Drivers of Regional and National Innovation: An Assessment of the Linkages from Universities to Innovation and Economic Growth.” In Higher Education in Canada, edited by C. M. Beach, R. W. Boadway, and R. M. McInnis, 113–57. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boucher, G., C. Conway, and E. Van Der Meer. 2003. “Tiers of Engagement by Universities in their Region's Development.” Regional Studies 37 (9): 887–97. doi: 10.1080/0034340032000143896
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramwell, A., and D. A. Wolfe. 2008. “Universities and Regional Economic Development: The Entrepreneurial University of Waterloo.” Research Policy 37 (8): 1175–87. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caniëls, M. C. J., and H. Van den Bosch. 2011. “The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Building Regional Innovation Systems.” Papers in Regional Science 90 (2): 271–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00344.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carayannis, E. G., and D. F. J. Campbell. 2009. “‘Mode 3’ and ‘Quadruple Helix’: Toward a 21st Century Fractal Innovation Ecosystem.” International Journal of Technology Management 46 (3/4): 201–34. doi: 10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carayannis, E. G., and D. F. J. Campbell. 2010. “Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and How do Knowledge, Innovation and the Environment Relate to Each Other? A Proposed Framework for a Trans-disciplinary Analysis of Sustainable Development and Social Ecology.” International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1 (1): 41–69. doi: 10.4018/jsesd.2010010105
   Google Scholar
• Carayannis, E. G., and D. F. J. Campbell. 2013. “Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems: Quintuple Helix and Social Ecology.” In Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, edited by E. G. Carayannis, I. N. Dubina, N. Seel, D. F. J. Campbell, and D. Uzunidis, 1293–1300. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Charles, D. 2006. “Universities as Key Knowledge Infrastructures in Regional Innovation Systems.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 19 (1): 117–30.
   Google Scholar
• Chatterton, P., and J. Goddard. 2000. “The Response of Higher Education Institutions to Regional Needs.” European Journal of Education 35: 475–96. doi: 10.1111/1467-3435.00041
   Google Scholar
• Communication from the European Commission. 2010. “Europe 2020: A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth.” COM (2010) 2020. Accessed March 3, 2010. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF.
   Google Scholar
• Csismadia, Z., P. Hergovich, and P. Huber. 2011. “CENTROPE Regional Development Report Focus Report on Technology Policy, Research, Development and Innovation in CENTROPE”. http://www.centrope.com/repository/centrope/downloads/RDR_Focus_Report_Innovation_Full_Report_EN.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Drucker, J., and H. Goldstein. 2007. “Assessing the Regional Economic Development Impacts of Universities: A Review of Current Approaches.” International Regional Science Review 30 (1): 20–46. doi: 10.1177/0160017606296731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson, R. H., and H. K. Hansen. 2013. “Industries, Skills, and Human Capital: How Does Regional Size Affect Uneven Development?” Environment and Planning A 45 (3): 593–613. doi: 10.1068/a45186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H. 2001a. “The Bi-Evolution of the University in the Triple Helix Era.” New York: Science Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H. 2001b. “The Second Academic Revolution and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science.” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 20 (2): 18–29. doi: 10.1109/44.948843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., and L. Leydesdorff. 1997. “Introduction: Universities in the Global Knowledge Economy.” In Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, edited by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff, 1–8. London: Pinter.
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., and L. Leydesdorff. 2000. “The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and ‘‘Mode 2’’ To a Triple Helix of University–Industry–Government Relations.” Research Policy 29 (2): 109–23. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Europe 2020 Target: Tertiary Education Attainment. 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/themes/28_tertiary_education.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. 2013. “Students in tertiary education, as a percentage of the population aged 20 to 24 years old, by NUTS 2 regions 2007/2008.” http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Students_in_tertiary_education,_as_a_percentage_of_the_population_aged_20_to_24_years_old,_by_NUTS_2_regions,_2008.PNG.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. 2014. Accessed June 1. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/themes.
   Google Scholar
• Faggian, A., and P. McCann. 2006. “Human Capital Flows and Regional Knowledge Assets: A Simultaneous Equation Approach.” Oxford Economic Papers 58 (3): 475–500. doi: 10.1093/oep/gpl010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida, R. 1999. “The Role of the University: Leveraging Talent, Not Technology.” Issues in Science & Technology 16 (4): 67–73.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, H., G. Maier, and M. I. Luger. 1995. “The University as an Instrument for Economic and Business Development: U.S. and European Comparisons.” In Emerging Patterns of Social Demand and University Reform: Through a Glass Darkly, edited by D. Dill and B. Sporn, 250. Oxford: Pergamon.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, H., and C. Renault. 2004. “Contributions of Universities to Regional Economic Development: A Quasi-experimental Approach.” Regional Studies 38 (7): 733–46. doi: 10.1080/0034340042000265232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gros, D., and F. Roth. 2008. “The Post-2010 Lisbon Process: The Key Role of Education in Employment and Competitiveness.” CEPS Working Document No. 308, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekara, C. 2006. “The Generative and Developmental Role of Universities in Regional Innovation Systems.” Science and Public Policy 33 (2): 137–50. doi: 10.3152/147154306781779118
   Google Scholar
• Hazelkorn, E. 2011. Globalization and the Reputation Race in Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World Class Excellence. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hedin, S. 2009. “Higher Education Institutions as Drivers of Regional Development in the Nordic Countries.” Nordregio Working Paper 2009: 3, 45.
   Google Scholar
• Holm-Nielsen, L. B., K. Thorn, J. D. Olesen, and T. Huey. 2013. “Talent Development as a University Mission: The Quadruple Helix.” Higher Education Management and Policy 24 (2): 99–113. doi: 10.1787/hemp-24-5k3w5pdwdzjg
   Google Scholar
• Huggins, R., A. Johnston, and C. Stride. 2012. “Knowledge Networks and Universities: Locational and Organisational Aspects of Knowledge Transfer Interactions.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal 24 (7–8): 475–502. doi: 10.1080/08985626.2011.618192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, C. 2006. “Regional Development Partnerships in Sweden: A Way for Higher Education Institutions to Develop their Role in the Processes of Regional Governance?” Higher Education 51 (3): 387–410. doi: 10.1007/s10734-004-6416-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, M. B., B. Johnson, E. Lorenz, and B. A. Lundvall. 2007. “Forms of Knowledge and Modes of Innovation.” Research Policy 36 (5): 680–93. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, J., and J. Allison. 1999. “The Intersection of the Learning Region and Local and Regional Economic Development: Analysing the Role of Higher Education.” Regional Studies 33: 896–902. doi: 10.1080/00343409950075533
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, S., W. C. Fei, and C. C. Chen. 2007. “Knowledge Sharing, Absorptive Capacity, and Innovation Capability: An Empirical Study of Taiwan's Knowledge-Intensive Industries.” Journal of Information Science 33 (3): 340–59. doi: 10.1177/0165551506070739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, T-C. 2004. “The Role of Higher Education in Economic Development: An Empirical Study of Taiwan case.” Journal of Asian Economics 15 (2): 355–71. doi: 10.1016/j.asieco.2004.02.006
   Google Scholar
• Lindqvist, M., L. Olsen, and A. Baltzopoulos. 2012. “Strategies for Interaction and the Role of Higher Education Institutions in Regional Development in the Nordic Countries”. Nordregio Report 2012:2, 87.
   Google Scholar
• Marrocu, E., R. Paci, and S. Usai. 2013. “Proximity, Networking and Knowledge Production in Europe: What Lessons for Innovation Policy?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80 (8): 1484–98. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2013.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattalia, C. 2012. “Human Capital Accumulation in R&D-Based Growth Models.” Economic Modelling 29 (3): 601–9. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2011.12.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montesinos, P., J. M. Carot, J. M. Martinez, and F. Mora. 2008. “Third Mission Ranking for World Class Universities: Beyond Teaching and Research.” Higher Education in Europe 33 (2–3): 259–71. doi: 10.1080/03797720802254072
   Google Scholar
• Muller, E., and D. Doloreux. 2009. “What we Should Know about Knowledge-Intensive Business Services.” Technology in Society 31 (1): 64–72. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.10.001
   Google Scholar
• Neagu, O. 2012. “Measuring the Effects of Human Capital on Growth in the Case of Romania.” Economics and Applied Informatics, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 1: 83–92.
   Google Scholar
• Nelles, J., and T. Vorley. 2008. “Entrepreneurial Architecture in UK Higher Education Institutions: Consolidating the Third Mission.” Paper to be presented at the 25th celebration conference 2008, entrepreneurship and innovation – Organisations, institutions, systems and regions, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, June 17–20, 2008. http://www2.druid.dk/conferences/viewpaper.php?id=3275&cf=29.
   Google Scholar
• O'Mahony, M., and M. Vecchi. 2009. “R&D, Knowledge Spillovers and Company Productivity Performance.” Research Policy 38 (1): 35–44. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastor, J., J. Fernández de Guevara, and F. Pérez. 2010. “Measuring the Local Economic Impact of Universities: An Approach that Considers Uncertainty.” Investigaciones de Economia de la Educacion 5, 5 (54): 1061–90.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, W. W., and K. Snellman. 2004. “The Knowledge Economy.” Annual Review of Sociology 30: 199–220. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichert, S. 2006. The Rise of Knowledge Regions: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges for Universities. Brussels: EUA Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Runiewicz-Wardyn, M. 2013. Innovative, Technological, and Growth Capacities of the EU Regions, Knowledge Flows, Technological Change and Regional Growth in the European Union. New York: Springer International Publishing, 47–79.
   Google Scholar
• Saad, M., G. Zawdie, and C. Malairaja. 2008. “The Triple Helix Strategy for Universities in Developing Universities: The Experiences in Malaysia and Algeria.” Science and Public Policy 35 (6): 431–43. doi: 10.3152/030234208X323316
   Google Scholar
• Siegfried, J. J., A. R. Sanderson, and P. McHenry. 2007. “The Economic Impact of Colleges and Universities.” Economics of Education Review 26: 546–58. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., and W. Han. 2013. “Research on Potential Human Capital and the Regional Economic Growth: Based on the Perspective of Higher Education.” Innovation conference (SIIC), 2013 Suzhou-Silicon Valley-Beijing International, 169–199.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. 2007. “International Labour Migration and Tacit Knowledge Transactions: A Multi-Level Perspective.” Global Networks 7 (1): 29–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00155.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar