Development of a structured observational method for the systematic assessment of school food-choice architecture

References

• Baxter, S. D., and W. O. Thompson. 2002. Fourth-grade children’s consumption of fruit and vegetables items available as part of school lunches is closely related to preferences. Journal of Nutrition Education 34 (4):166–71.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, L. L., and J. O. Fisher. 1998. Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics 101 (3):539–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, C. E., C. A. Bisogni, J. Sobal, M. Jastran, and C. M. Devine. 2008. How adults construct evening meals: Scripts for food choice. Appetite 51 (3):654–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, S. L., J. F. Sallis, C. Ritenbaugh, J. O. Hill, L. L. Birch, L. D. Frank, K. Glanz, D. A. Himmelgreen, M. Mudd, B. M. Popkin, K. A. Rickard, S. S. Jeor, and N. P. Hays. 2001. Environmental and societal factors affect food choice and physical activity: Rationale, influences, and leverage points. Nutrition Reviews 59 (3):S21–S36. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06983.x.
   Google Scholar
• Brug, J., N. I. Tak, S. J. Te Velde, E. Bere, and I. de Bourdeaudhuij. 2008. Taste preferences, liking and other factors related to fruit and vegetable intakes among schoolchildren: Results from observational studies. British Journal of Nutrition 99 (SupplementS1):S7–S14. doi:10.1017/S0007114508892458.
   Google Scholar
• Brug, J., S. Velde, M. Chinapaw, E. Bere, I. Bourdeaudhuij, H. Moore, L. Maes, J. Jensen, Y. Manios, N. Lien, K. I. Klepp, T. Lobstein, M. Martens, J. Salmon, and A. S. Singh. 2010. Evidence-based development of school-based and family-involved prevention of overweight across Europe: The ENERGY-project’s design and conceptual framework. BioMed Central Public Health 10:276–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crepinsek, M. K., A. R. Gordon, P. M. McKinney, E. M. Condon, and A. Wilson. 2009. Meals offered and served in US public schools: Do they meet nutrient standards? Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109 (2, Supplement):31–43.
   Google Scholar
• Denzin, N. K., and Y. Lincoln, Eds, S. 2000. Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Elbel, B., J. Gyamfi, and R. Kersh. 2011. Child and adolescent fast-food choice and the influence of calorie labeling: A natural experiment. International Journal of Obesity 35 (4):493–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, D. M., E. L. Hill, and R. C. Whitaker. 2008. School food environments and policies in US public schools. Pediatrics 122 (1):e251–e9. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frongillo, E. A. 1999. Validation of measures of food insecurity and hunger. Journal Nutritional 129:506S–509S.
   Google Scholar
• Georgiou, C., L. Lynn Martin, and R. Long. 2005. What third graders select and eat from school lunches when they have choices. The Journal of Child Nutrition and Management 2.
   Google Scholar
• Hanks, A., D. Just, L. Smith, and B. Wansink. 2012. Healthy convenience: Nudging students toward healthier choices in the lunchroom. Journal of Public Health 34 (3):370–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbaugh, W. T., and C. Krause. 2010. Children’s altruism in public good and dictator experiments. Economic Inquiry 38 (1):95–109.
   Google Scholar
• Harbaugh, W. T., C. Krause, and L. Vesterlund Are children better behaved than adults? Age, experience and the endowment effect. Staff General Research Papers #1950, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, E., M. M. McInnes, and J. A. Shinogle. 2006. What is the economic cost of overweight children? Eastern Economic Journal 32 (1):171–87.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S. J., Y. H. Chu, M. P. Burke, A. Teixeira, C. E. Blake, and E. A. Frongillo. 2012. A case for targeting marketing and availability in school food policy: Adolescents’ food purchases at school and exposure to television, Internet, and videogames. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 7:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S. J., W. Gonzalez, and E. A. Frongillo. 2009. Policies that restrict sweetened beverage availability may reduce consumption in elementary school children. Public Health Nutrition 13:589–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just, D., and B. Wansink. 2009. Smarter lunchrooms: Using behavioral economics to improve meal selection. Choices 24:3.
   Google Scholar
• Just, D. R., J. Lund, and J. Price. 2012. The role of variety in increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables among children. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 41 (1):72–81.
   Google Scholar
• Just, D. R., and J. Price 2011. Default Options and Food Choices. Unpublished Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Just, D. R., and J. Price. 2013. Using incentives to encourage healthy eating in children. Journal of Human Resources 48 (4):855–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just, D. R., B. Wansink, L. Mancino, and J. Guthrie. 2008. Behavioral economic concepts to encourage healthy eating in school cafeterias: Experiments and lessons from college students. ERR-68. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y. S., and E. G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry, Vol. 17. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lowenstein, G. 2004. Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. In Advances in behavioral economics, eds C. F. Camerer, G. Lowenstein, and M. Rabin, 689–723. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mela, D. J. 1999. Food choice and intake: The human factor. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58 (03):513–21. doi:10.1017/S0029665199000683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman. 1994. An expanded sourcebook: Qualitative data analysis, 2 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Monterrosa, E. C., F. Campirano, L. Toletino Mayo, E. A. Frongillo, S. Hernández Cordero, M. Hernández Ávila, M. Kaufer-Horwitz, and J. A. Rivera. 2015. Analysis of stakeholder perspectives on national policy for regulating the school food environment. Health Policy and Planning 30:28–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestle, M., R. Wing, L. Birch, L. DiSogra, A. Drewnowski, S. Middleton, M. Sigman-Grant, J. Sobal, M. Winston, and C. Economos. 1998. Behavioral and social influences on food choice. Nutrition Reviews 56 (5):50–64. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01732.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole, T. P., S. Anderson, C. Miller, and J. Guthrie. 2007. Nutrition services and foods and beverages available at school: Results from the school health policies and programs study. Journal of School Health 77 (8):500–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, C. L., D. B. Bishop, G. L. Taylor, M. Davis, M. Story, C. Gray, S. C. Bishop, R. A. W. Mays, L. A. Lytle, and L. Harnack. 2004. A randomized school trial of environmental strategies to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption among children. Health Education & Behavior 31 (1):65–76. doi:10.1177/1090198103255530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pliner, P. 2008. Cognitive schemas: How can we use them to improve children’s acceptance of diverse and unfamiliar foods? British Journal of Nutrition 99 (Suppl 1):S2–6.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, T. N., D. L. G. Borzekowski, D. M. Matheson, and H. C. Kraemer. 2007. Effects of fast food branding on young children’s taste preferences. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 161 (8):792–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, B. H., and G. L. Murphy. 1999. Food for thought: Cross-classification and category organization in a complex real-world domain. Cognitive Psychology 38 (4):495–553. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvy, S.-J., L. R. Vartanian, J. S. Coelho, D. Jarrin, and P. P. Pliner. 2008. The role of familiarity on modeling of eating and food consumption in children. Appetite 50 (2–3):514–18. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, M. B. 2007. The influence of a verbal prompt on school lunch fruit consumption: A pilot study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seiders, K., and R. D. Petty. 2007. Taming the obesity beast: Children, marketing, and public policy considerations. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 26 (2):236–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shroff, M., S. J. Jones, E. A. Frongillo, and M. Howlett. 2012. Policy instruments used by states seeking to improve school food environment. American Journal of Public Health 102:222–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner, J. D., B. R. Carruth, W. Bounds, and P. J. Ziegler. 2002. Children’s food preferences: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 102 (11):1638–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. M. (2008). School building quality and student performance in South Carolina public high schools: A structural equation model. Doctoral dissertation, Clemson University. Retrieved from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text database. (Publication No. AAT3304077).
   Google Scholar
• Sobal, J., C. A. Bisogni, C. M. Devine, and M. Jastran. 2006. A conceptual model of the food choice process over the life course. In The psychology of food choice, eds. R. Shepherd, and M. Raats, 1–18. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• South Carolina State Department of Education. n.d.a. E-rate Free and Reduced Meal Eligibility Data. http://ed.sc.gov/data/erate/documents/2010-11_E-rateDatabyDistrictwithMSAandDiscount.xls. Accessed May 15, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• South Carolina State Department of Education. n.d.b. Public School Student Headcount. http://ed.sc.gov/data/student-counts/Student_Headcounts/ActiveStudentHeadcounts.cfm. ( Accessed April 15, 2013.)
   Google Scholar
• Story, M. Kaphingst KM, Robinson-O’Brien R, Glanz K. 2008. Creating health food and eating environments: Policy and environmental approaches. Annual Review of Public Health 29:253–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Story, M. 2009. The third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study: Findings and policy implications for improving the health of US children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109 (2, Supplement):7–13.
   Google Scholar
• Story, M., M. S. Nanney, and M. B. Schwartz. 2009. Schools and obesity prevention: Creating school environments and policies to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Milbank Quarterly 87 (1):71–100. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00548.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm, R. 2008. Disparities in the food environment surrounding US middle and high schools. Public Health 122 (7):681–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaler, R. H., and C. R. Sunstein. 2008. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Trochim, W. 2001. The research methods knowledge base, 2nd ed. Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, L., and F. J. Chaloupka. 2012. Slow progress in changing the school food environment: Nationally representative results from public and private elementary schools. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 112 (9):1380–89. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.04.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, L., F. J. Chaloupka, J. F. Chriqui, and A. S. Sandoval. 2010. School policies and practices to improve health and prevent obesity: National elementary school survey results: school years 2006–07 and 2007–08. Vol. 1. University of Illinois at Chicago, IL: Bridging the Gap Program, Health Policy Center, Institute for Health Policy and Research. www.bridgingthegapresearch.org ( Accessed October 20, 2012.)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Research, Nutrition and Analysis, School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study-III, Vol. I: School Foodservice, School Food Environment, and Meals Offered and Served, by Anne Gordon, Mary Kay Crepinsek, Renee Nogales, Elizabeth Condon. Alexandria, VA. 2007. http://www.fns.usda.gov/Ora/menu/Published/CNP/FILES/SNDAIII-Vol1.pdf. ( Accessed October 20, 2012.)
   Google Scholar
• Wansink, B., D. R. Just, and L. Smith. 2011a. Move the Fruit: Putting the fruit in new bowls and new places doubles lunch room sales. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 43 (4):S1.
   Google Scholar
• Wansink, B., D. R. Just, and L. Smith. 2011b. What is in a name? Giving descriptive names to vegetables increases lunch room sales. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 43 (4):S1.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle, J., and L. Cooke. 2008. Genetic and environmental determinants of children’s food preferences. British Journal of Nutrition 99 (SupplementS1):S15–S21. doi:10.1017/S000711450889246X.
   Google Scholar