57,542
Views
318
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

Pages 1018-1036 | Received 25 Apr 2017, Accepted 27 Apr 2017, Published online: 28 May 2017

References

  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2013). Smoking and reproduction. London: ASH. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_112.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2014a). Secondhand smoke. London: ASH. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_113.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2014b). What’s in a cigarette? London: ASH. Available from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_117.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2015a). Illicit trade in tobacco. London: ASH. Available from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_122.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2015b). Young people and smoking. London: ASH. Retrieve from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_108.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2016a). Smoking and mental health. London: ASH. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_120.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2016b). Smoking statistics: Illness and death. London: ASH. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_107.pdf
  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2016c). Smoking statistics: Who smokes and how much? London: ASH. Retrieved from http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdf
  • Anthenelli, R. M., Benowitz, N. L., West, R., St Aubin, L., McRae, T., Lawrence, D., & Evins, A. E. (2016). Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet, 387, 2507–2520. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30272-0
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2015). National health survey. Canberra: Author.
  • Aveyard, P., Begh, R., Parsons, A., & West, R. (2012). Brief opportunistic smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare advice to quit and offer of assistance. Addiction, 107, 1066–1073. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03770.x
  • Bala, M. M., Strzeszynski, L., Topor-Madry, R., & Cahill, K. (2013). Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, Cd004704. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub3
  • Barnes, J., Dong, C. Y., McRobbie, H., Walker, N., Mehta, M., & Stead, L. F. (2010). Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, Cd001008. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001008.pub2
  • Beard, E., McNeill, A., Aveyard, P., Fidler, J., Michie, S., & West, R. (2013). Association between use of nicotine replacement therapy for harm reduction and smoking cessation: A prospective study of English smokers. Tobacco Control, 22, 118–122.10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050007
  • Benowitz, N. L. (1997). The role of nicotine in smoking-related cardiovascular disease. Preventive Medicine, 26, 412–417.10.1006/pmed.1997.0175
  • Benowitz, N. L. (1998). Nicotine safety and toxicity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brinn, M. P., Carson, K. V., Esterman, A. J., Chang, A. B., & Smith, B. J. (2012). Cochrane review: Mass media interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Evidence-based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 7, 86–144.10.1002/ebch.v7.1
  • Cahill, K., Hartmann-Boyce, J., & Perera, R. (2015). Incentives for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, Cd004307. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004307.pub5
  • Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2014). Workplace interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, Cd003440. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003440.pub4
  • Cahill, K., Lindson-Hawley, N., Thomas, K. H., Fanshawe, T. R., & Lancaster, T. (2016). Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, Cd006103. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7
  • Critchley, J., & Unal, B. (2003). Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: A systematic review. Thorax, 58, 435–443.10.1136/thorax.58.5.435
  • Dierker, L., He, J., Kalaydjian, A., Swendsen, J., Degenhardt, L., Glantz, M., & Merikangas, K. (2008). The importance of timing of transitions for risk of regular smoking and nicotine dependence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 87–92. doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9051-x
  • Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, I. (2004). Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal, 328, 1519. doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE
  • Eriksen, M., Mackay, J., & Ross, H. (2013). The tobacco atlas. New York, NY: American Cancer Society.
  • Ferri, C. P., West, R., Moriyama, T. S., Acosta, D., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., … Prince, M. J. (2011). Tobacco use and dementia: Evidence from the 1066 dementia population-based surveys in Latin America, China and India. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 1177–1185. doi:10.1002/gps.2661
  • Fidler, J., Shahab, L., & West, R. (2011). Strength of urges to smoke as a measure of severity of cigarette dependence: Comparison with the fagerström test for nicotine dependence and its components. Addiction, 106, 631–638.10.1111/add.2011.106.issue-3
  • Fidler, J., & West, R. (2009). Self-perceived smoking motives and their correlates in a general population sample. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 1182–1188. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp120
  • Fidler, J., & West, R. (2011). Enjoyment of smoking and urges to smoke as predictors of attempts and success of attempts to stop smoking: A longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115, 30–34. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.009
  • Georgie, J. M., Sean, H., Deborah, M. C., Matthew, H., & Rona, C. (2016). Peer-led interventions to prevent tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use among young people aged 11–21 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 111, 391–407. doi:10.1111/add.13224
  • Gowing, L. R., Ali, R. L., Allsop, S., Marsden, J., Turf, E. E., West, R., & Witton, J. (2015). Global statistics on addictive behaviours: 2014 status report. Addiction, 110, 904–919. doi:10.1111/add.12899
  • Graham, A. L., Carpenter, K. M., Cha, S., Cole, S., Jacobs, M. A., Raskob, M., & Cole-Lewis, H. (2016). Systematic review and meta-analysis of internet interventions for smoking cessation among adults. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 7, 55–69. doi:10.2147/sar.s101660
  • Hartmann-Boyce, J., Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2014). Print-based self-help interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, Cd001118. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001118.pub3
  • Higgins, S. T., & Solomon, L. J. (2016). Some recent developments on financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women. Current Addiction Reports, 3, 9–18. doi:10.1007/s40429-016-0092-0
  • Hoffman, S. J., & Tan, C. (2015). Overview of systematic reviews on the health-related effects of government tobacco control policies. BMC Public Health, 15, 744. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2041-6
  • Hogg, R. C. (2016). Contribution of monoamine oxidase inhibition to tobacco dependence: A review of the evidence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18, 509–523. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv245
  • Hughes, J. R., Keely, J., & Naud, S. (2004). Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers. Addiction, 99, 29–38.10.1111/add.2004.99.issue-1
  • Hughes, J. R., Stead, L. F., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2014). Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, Cd000031. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000031.pub4
  • Jamal, A. (2016). Current cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2005–2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65, 1205–1211
  • Jamal, A., Homa, D., O’Connor, E., Babb, S., Caraballo, R., Singh, T., & King, B. (2015). Current cigarette smoking among adults – United States, 2005–2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64, 1233–1240.10.15585/mmwr.mm6444a2
  • Jarvis, M. J., Giovino, G. A., O’Connor, R. J., Kozlowski, L. T., & Bernert, J. T. (2014). Variation in nicotine intake among U.S. cigarette smokers during the past 25 years: Evidence from NHANES surveys. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 1620–1628. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu120
  • Jha, P., & Peto, R. (2014). Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobacco. New England Journal of Medicine, 370, 60–68. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1308383
  • Jones, M., Lewis, S., Parrott, S., Wormall, S., & Coleman, T. (2016). Re-starting smoking in the postpartum period after receiving a smoking cessation intervention: A systematic review. Addiction, 111, 981–990. doi:10.1111/add.13309
  • Joossens, L., & Raw, M. (2003). Turning off the tap: The real solution to cigarette smuggling. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 7, 214–222.
  • Kotz, D., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014a). Prospective cohort study of the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments used in the “real world”. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89, 1360–1367. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.004
  • Kotz, D., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014b). ‘Real-world’ effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments: A population study. Addiction, 109, 491–499. doi:10.1111/add.12429
  • Kozlowski, L. T., Porter, C. Q., Orleans, C. T., Pope, M. A., & Heatherton, T. (1994). Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HSI. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 34, 211–216.10.1016/0376-8716(94)90158-9
  • Kralikova, E., Kmetova, A., Stepankova, L., Zvolska, K., Davis, R., & West, R. (2013). Fifty-two-week continuous abstinence rates of smokers being treated with varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy. Addiction, 108, 1497–1502. doi:10.1111/add.12219
  • Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2005). Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, Cd001292. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001292.pub2
  • Levy, D. T., Huang, A. T., Havumaki, J. S., & Meza, R. (2016). The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence: Results from the Michigan SimSmoke tobacco policy simulation model. Cancer Causes and Control, 27, 615–625. doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0735-4
  • Lindson-Hawley, N., Banting, M., West, R., Michie, S., Shinkins, B., & Aveyard, P. (2016). Gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation: A randomized, controlled noninferiority trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 164, 585–592. doi:10.7326/m14-2805
  • McNeill, A., Brose, L., Calder, R., Hitchman, S., Hajek, P., & McRobbie, H. (2015). E-cigarettes: An evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England. London: Public Health England.
  • Noar, S. M., Francis, D. B., Bridges, C., Sontag, J. M., Ribisl, K. M., & Brewer, N. T. (2016). The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies. Social Science & Medicine, 164, 118–129. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.011
  • Office of National Satistics. (2016). Smoking prevalence in Great Britain. London: ONS. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/drugusealcoholandsmoking/datasets/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain
  • Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2013). Smoking and mental health. London: RCP.
  • Pirie, K., Peto, R., Reeves, G. K., Green, J., & Beral, V. (2013). The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: A prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet, 381, 133–141. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61720-6
  • Royal College of Physicians. (2016). Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction. London: RCP.
  • Schepis, T. S., & Rao, U. (2005). Epidemiology and etiology of adolescent smoking. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 17, 607–612.10.1097/01.mop.0000176442.49743.31
  • Shahab, L., & West, R. (2009). Do ex-smokers report feeling happier following cessation? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 553–557. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp031
  • Shahab, L., & West, R. (2012). Differences in happiness between smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers: cross-sectional findings from a national household survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 121, 38–44. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.011
  • Stapleton, J. A., & West, R. (2012). A direct method and ICER tables for the estimation of the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in general populations: application to a new cytisine trial and other examples. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14, 463–471. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr236
  • Stead, L. F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann-Boyce, J., & Lancaster, T. (2013). Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, Cd000165. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000165.pub4
  • Stead, L. F., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Perera, R., & Lancaster, T. (2013). Telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, Cd002850. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002850.pub3
  • Stead, L. F., Koilpillai, P., & Lancaster, T. (2015). Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, Cd009670. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009670.pub3
  • Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2005). Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, Cd001007. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2
  • Stead, L. F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2012). Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, Cd000146. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4
  • Sterling, L. H., Windle, S. B., Filion, K. B., Touma, L., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2016). Varenicline and adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5, doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002849
  • Talati, A., Keyes, K., & Hasin, D. (2016). Changing relationships between smoking and psychiatric disorders across twentieth century birth cohorts: Clinical and research implications. Molecular Psychiatry, 21, 464–471. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.224
  • Talip, T., Murang, Z., Kifli, N., & Naing, L. (2016). Systematic review of smoking initiation among Asian Adolescents, 2005–2015: Utilizing the frameworks of triadic influence and planned behavior. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 17, 3341–3355.
  • Tappin, D., Bauld, L., Purves, D., Boyd, K., Sinclair, L., MacAskill, S., & Coleman, T. (2015). Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 350, h134. doi:10.1136/bmj.h134
  • Thomas, R. E., McLellan, J., & Perera, R. (2013). School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Evidence-based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 8, 1616–2040.10.1002/ebch.v8.5
  • US Department of Health and Human Services. (2004). The health consequences of smoking: a report of the surgeon general (p. 62). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
  • US Department of Health Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking – 50 years of progress: A report of the surgeon general (p. 17). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
  • US Surgeon General. (1990). The health benefits of smoking cessation. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Ussher, M., Brown, J., Rajamanoharan, A., & West, R. (2014). How do prompts for attempts to quit smoking relate to method of quitting and quit success? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47, 358–368. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9545-z
  • van Hasselt, M., Kruger, J., Han, B., Caraballo, R. S., Penne, M. A., Loomis, B., & Gfroerer, J. C. (2015). The relation between tobacco taxes and youth and young adult smoking: What happened following the 2009 US federal tax increase on cigarettes? Addictive Behaviors, 45, 104–109.10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.023
  • Vangeli, E., Stapleton, J., Smit, E. S., Borland, R., & West, R. (2011). Predictors of attempts to stop smoking and their success in adult general population samples: A systematic review. Addiction, 106, 2110–2121. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x
  • Vink, J. M., Willemsen, G., & Boomsma, D. I. (2005). Heritability of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. Behavior Genetics, 35, 397–406. doi:10.1007/s10519-004-1327-8
  • West, R. (2009). The multiple facets of cigarette addiction and what they mean for encouraging and helping smokers to stop. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 6, 277–283.10.1080/15412550903049181
  • West, R., Baker, C. L., Cappelleri, J. C., & Bushmakin, A. G. (2008). Effect of varenicline and bupropion SR on craving, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and rewarding effects of smoking during a quit attempt. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 197, 371–377. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1041-3
  • West, R., & Brown, J. (2015). Smoking in England 2007–2014. Retrieved from www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/
  • West, R., Raw, M., McNeill, A., Stead, L., Aveyard, P., Bitton, J., & Borland, R. (2015). Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: A review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development. Addiction, 110, 1388–1403. doi:10.1111/add.12998
  • West, R., & Shiffman, S. (2016). Smoking cessation (3rd ed.). Abingdon: Health Press.
  • White, A. R., Rampes, H., Liu, J. P., Stead, L.F., & Campbell, J. (2014). Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, Cd000009. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000009.pub4
  • Whittaker, R., McRobbie, H., Bullen, C., Rodgers, A., & Gu, Y. (2016). Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, Cd006611. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006611.pub4
  • World Health Organization. (2013). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Geneva: WHO.
  • Wu, L., Sun, S., He, Y., & Zeng, J. (2015). Effect of smoking reduction therapy on smoking cessation for smokers without an intention to quit: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12, 10235–10253. doi:10.3390/ijerph120910235
  • Zhou, X., Nonnemaker, J., Sherrill, B., Gilsenan, A. W., Coste, F., & West, R. (2009). Attempts to quit smoking and relapse: Factors associated with success or failure from the ATTEMPT cohort study. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 365–373. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.11.013