References
- Bonham, T., Pepper, G. V., & Nettle, P. (2018). The relationships between exercise and affective states: A naturalistic, longitudinal study of recreational runners. PeerJ, 6, e4257. doi:10.7717/peerj.4257
- Brand, R., & Ekkekakis, P. (2018). Affective-reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 48(1), 48–58. doi:10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9
- Brenner, P. S., & DeLamater, J. D. (2014). Social desirability bias in self-reports of physical activity: is an exercise identity the culprit. Social Indicators Research, 117(2), 489–504. doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0359-y
- Carels, R. A., Coit, C., Young, K., & Berger, B. (2007). Exercise makes you feel good, but does feeling good make you exercise?: An examination of obese dieters. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29(6), 706–722. doi:10.1123/jsep.29.6.706
- Celis-Morales, C. A., Perez-Bravo, F., Ibanez, L., Salas, C., Bailey, M. E. S., & Gill, J. M. R. (2012). Objective vs. self-reported physical activity and sedentary time: Effects of measurement method on relationships with risk biomarkers. PLoS One, 7(5), e36345. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036345
- Curran, P. J., Howard, A. L., Bainter, S. A., Lane, S. T., & McGinley, J. S. (2014). The separation of between-person and within-person components of individual change over time: A latent curve model with structured residuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(5), 879–894. doi:10.1037/a0035297
- Duclos, M., Guinot, M., & Le Bouc, Y. (2007). Cortisol and GH: Odd and controversial ideas. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 32(5), 895–903. doi:10.1139/H07-064
- Dunton, G. F. (2017). Ecological momentary assessment in physical activity research. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 45(1), 48–54. doi:10.1249/JES.0000000000000092
- Dunton, G. F., Atienza, A. A., Castro, C. M., & King, A. C. (2009). Using ecological momentary assessment to examine antecedents and correlates of physical activity bouts in adults age 50 + years: a pilot study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 38(3), 249–255. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9141-4
- Dunton, G. F., Huh, J., Leventhal, A. M., Riggs, N., Hedeker, D., Spruijt-Metz, D. M., …Hedeker, D. (2014). Momentary assessment of affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in children. Health Psychology, 33(3), 255–263. doi:10.1037/a0032640
- Eid, M., & Diener, E. (1999). Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(4), 662–676. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.662
- Ekkekakis, P., & Dafermos, M. (2012). Exercise is a many-splendored thing, but for some it does not feel so splendid: Staging a resurgence of hedonistic ideas in the quest to understand exercise behavior. In: E.O. Acevedo (ed.), The Oxford handbook of exercise psychology (pp. 295–333). Oxford University Press.
- Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E. E., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2005). Variation and homogeneity in affective responses to physical activity on varying intensities: An alternative perspective on dose-response based on evolutionary considerations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 477–500. doi:10.1080/02640410400021492
- Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different in1tensities – Decennial update and progress towards a tripartite rationale for exercise intensity prescription. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 641–671. doi:10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000
- Emerson, J. A., Dunsiger, S., & Williams, D. M. (2018). Reciprocal within-day associations between incidental affect and exercise: An EMA study. Psychology & Health, 33(1), 130–143. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1341515
- Godin, G. (2011). The Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4, 18–22.
- Godin, G., & Shephard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10, 141–146.
- Haas, P., Schmid, J., Stadler, G., Reuter, M., & Gawrilow, C. (2017). Zooming into daily life: Within-person associations between physical activity and affect in young adults. Psychology & Health, 32(5), 588–604. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1291943
- Hamaker, E. L., Kuiper, R. M., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2015). A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychological Methods, 20(1), 102–116. doi:10.1037/a0038889
- Helmich, I., Latini, A., Sigwalt, A., Carta, M. G., Machado, S., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., & Budde, H. (2010). Neurobiological alterations induced by exercise and their impact on depressive disorders. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 6, 115–125. doi:10.2174/1745017901006010115
- Hyde, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Pincus, A. L., & Ram, N. (2011). Unpacking the feel-good effect of free-time physical activity: Between- and within-person associations with pleasant-activated feeling states. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(6), 884–902. doi:10.1123/jsep.33.6.884
- Josefsson, T., Lindwall, M., & Archer, T. (2014). Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorder: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(2), 259–272. doi:10.1111/sms.12050
- Kanning, M. K., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Schlicht, W. M. (2013). How to investigate within-subject associations between physical activity and momentary affective states in everyday life: A position statement based on a literature overview. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 187. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00187
- Kanning, M., Ebner-Priemer, U., & Schlicht, W. (2015). Using activity triggered e-diaries to reveal the associations between physical activity and affective states in older adult’s daily living. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12, 111. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0272-7
- Kanning, M., & Schlicht, W. (2010). Be active and become happy: An ecological momentary assessment of physical activity and mood. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32(2), 253–261. doi:10.1123/jsep.32.2.253
- Knutson, B., Katovich, K., & Suri, G. (2014). Inferring affect from fMRI data. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(8), 422–428. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.006
- Kuiper, R. M., & Ryan, O. (2018). Drawing conclusions from cross-lagged relationships: Re-considering the role of the time-interval. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(5), 809–823. doi:10.1080/10705511.2018.1431046
- Kuppens, P., Van Mechelen, I., Nezlek, J. B., Dossche, D., & Timmermans, T. (2007). Individual differences in core affect variability and their relationship to personality and psychological adjustment. Emotion, 7(2), 262–274. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.262
- Langguth, N., Schmid, J., Gawrilow, C., & Stadler, G. (2016). Within-person link between depressed affect and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adolescence: An intensive longitudinal approach. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 8(1), 44–63. doi:10.1111/aphw.12061
- Liao, Y., Chou, C.-P., Huh, J., Leventhal, A., & Dunton, G. (2017). Examining acute bi-directional relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in free-living situations using electronic ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 40(3), 445–457. doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9808-9
- Liao, Y., Shonkoff, E. T., & Dunton, G. F. (2015). The acute relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in daily life: A review of current evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1975. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01975
- Luger, A., Deuster, P. A., Kyle, S. B., Gallucci, W. T., Montgomery, L. C., Gold, P. W., Loriaux, D. L., & Chrousos, G. P. (1987). Acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to the stress of treadmill exercise. Physiologic adaptation to physical training. The New England Journal of Medicine, 316(21), 1309–1315. doi:10.1056/NEJM198705213162105
- MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
- Marsh, H. W. (2007). Application of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in sport and exercise psychology. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 774–798). Wiley.
- Mata, J., Thompson, R. J., Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). Walk on the bright side: Physical activity and affect in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 297–308. doi:10.1037/a0023533
- Matta Mello Portugal, E., Cevada, T., Sobral Monteiro-Junior, R., Teixeira Guimarães, T., da Cruz Rubini, E., Lattari, E., Blois, C., & Camaz Deslandes, A. (2013). Neuroscience of exercise: From neurobiology mechanisms to mental health. Neuropsychobiology, 68(1), 1–14. doi:10.1159/000350946
- Morgan, J. A., Corrigan, F., & Baune, B. T. (2015). Effects of physical exercise on central nervous system functions: A review of brain region specific adaptions. Journal of Molecular Psychiatry, 3(1), 3. doi:10.1186/s40303-015-0010-8
- Morris, W. N. (1989). Mood: The frame of mind. Springer-Verlag.
- Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2005). Robust predictors of flux, pulse and spin. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(1), 130–147. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.004
- Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6 (Suppl. 3), S197–S239. doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663
- Posner, J., Russell, J. A., & Peterson, B. S. (2005). The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 715–734. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050340
- Preacher, K. J., Coffman, D. L. (2006). Computing power and minimum sample size for RMSEA [Computer software], available from http://quantpsy.org
- Rebar, A. L., Stanton, R., Geard, D., Short, C., Duncan, M. J., & Vandelanotte, C. (2015). A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 366–378. doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1022901
- Reed, J., & Buck, S. (2009). The effect of regular aerobic exercise on positive-activated affect: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(6), 581–594. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.009
- Reichert, M., Tost, H., Reinhard, I., Zipf, A., Salize, H.-J., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., …Ebner-Priemer, U. W. (2016). Within-subject associations between mood dimensions and non-exercise activity: An ambulatory assessment approach using repeated real-time and objective data. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 918. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00918
- Reiner, M., Niermann, C., Jekauc, D., & Woll, A. (2013). Long-term health benefits of physical activity – a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health, 13, 813. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-813
- Rhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015). Can the affective responses to exercise predict future motives and physical activity behavior? A systematic review of published evidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 49(5), 715–731. doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5
- Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161–1178. doi:10.1037/h0077714
- Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.145
- Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2010). Ensuring positiveness in the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika, 75(2), 243–248. doi:10.1007/s11336-009-9135-y
- Shephard, R. J. (2003). Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(3), 197–206. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.3.197
- Stadler, G., Robbins, M. L., Laurenceau, J.-P., & Bolger, N. (2013). Longitudinal methods in the health sciences: Four recommendations. The European Health Psychologist, 15(3), 57–66.
- Stenling, A., Ivarsson, A., & Lindwall, M. (2017). The only constant is change: analysing and understanding change in sport and exercise psychology research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 230–251. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2016.1216150
- Strath, S. J., Kaminsky, L. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Ekelund, U., Freedson, P. S., Gary, R. A., Richardson, C. R., Smith, D. T., & Swartz, A. M. (2013). Guide to assessment of physical activity: clinical and research applications – A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation, 128(20), 2259–2279. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000435708.67487
- Thayer, R. E. (1989). The biopsychology of mood and activation. Oxford University Press.
- Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219–235. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
- Wichers, M., Peeters, F., Rutten, B. P. F., Jacobs, N., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2012). A time-lagged momentary assessment study on daily life physical activity and affect. Health Psychology , 31(2), 135–144. doi:10.1037/a0025688
- Wiese, C. W., Kuykendall, L., & Tay, L. (2018). Get active? A meta-analysis of leisure-time physical activity and subjective well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(1), 57–66. doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1374436
- Williams, D. M. (2008). Exercise, affect, and adherence: An integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(5), 471–496. doi:10.1123/jsep.30.5.471
- Williams, D. M., & Evans, D. R. (2014). Current emotion research in health behavior science. Emotion Review, 6(3), 277–287. doi:10.1177/1754073914523052