References
- Abele , A. and Brehm , W. 1990 . “ Sportliche Aktivität als Gesundheitsbezogencs Handeln ” . In Gesundheitpsychologie , Edited by: Schwarzer , R. 131 – 150 . Göttingen : Hogrefe .
- Bahrke , M. S. and Morgan , W. P. 1978 . Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation . Cognitive Research and Therapy , 2 : 323 – 333 .
- Berger , B. G. and Owen , D. R. 1986 . “ Mood alteration with swimming: are‐examination ” . In Current Selected Research in the Psychology and Sociology of Sport , Edited by: Vander Veldenand , L. and Humphrey , J. H. Vol. 1 , 97 – 113 . New York : AMS Press .
- Berger , B. G. and Owen , D. R. 1988 . Stress reduction and mood enhancement in four exercise modes: swimming, body conditioning, Hatha yoga and fencing . Research Quarterly in Exercise and Sport , 59 : 148 – 159 .
- Biddle , S. and Mutrie , N. 1991 . Psychology of Physical Activity and Exercise , London : Springer‐Verlag .
- Borg , G. A. 1982 . Psychophysiological bases of perceived exertion . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 14 : 377 – 381 .
- Boutcher , S. H. and Landers , D. M. 1988 . The effects of vigorous exercise on anxiety, heart rate, and alpha activity of runners and non‐runners . Psychophysiology , 25 : 696 – 702 .
- Cohen , L. H. , Towbes , L. C. and Flocco , R. 1988 . Effects of induced mood on self‐reported life events and perceived and received social support . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 : 699 – 674 .
- Dyer , J. B. and Crouch , G. J. 1987 . Effects of running on moods: a time‐series study . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 64 : 783 – 789 .
- Eysenck , H. J. and Eysenck , S. B.G. 1976 . Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory , London : Hodder and Stoughton .
- Goldfarb , AH. , Hatfield , B. D. , Sforzo , G. A. and Flynn , M. G. 1987 . Serun ß‐endorphin levels during a graded exercise test to exhaustion . Medical Science in Sports and Exercise , 19 : 78 – 82 .
- McNair , D. M. , Lorr , N. and Droppleman , L. F. 1981 . Manual of the Profile of Mood slates , San Diego : Education and Industrial Testing Service .
- Martinsen , E. W. , Hoffart , A. and Solberg , O. Y. 1989 . Aerobic and non‐aerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders . Stress Medicine , 5 : 115 – 120 .
- Morgan , W. P. 1979 . Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity . Psychiatric Annals , 9 : 141 – 147 .
- Moses , J. , Steptoe , A. , Mathews , A. and Edwards , S. 1989 . The effects of exercise training on the mental well‐being in the normal population: a controlled trial . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 32 : 47 – 61 .
- North , T. C. , McCullagh , P. and Tran , V. Z. 1990 . Effect of exercise on depression . Exercise and Sport Science Review , 18 : 379 – 415 .
- Petruzzello , S. J. , Landers , D. M. , Hatfield , B. D. , Kubitz , K. A. and Salazar , W. 1991 . A meta‐analysis on the anxiety‐reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise . Sports Medicine , 11 : 143 – 182 .
- Rejeski , W. J. , Hardy , C. J. and Shaw , J. 1991 . Psychometric confounds of assessing state anxiety in conjunction with acute bouts of vigorous exercise . Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychology , 13 : 65 – 74 .
- Roth , D. L. 1989 . Acute emotional and psychophysiological effects of aerobic exercise . Psychophysiology , 26 : 593 – 602 .
- Roy , M. and Steptoe , A. The inhibition of cardiovascular responses to mental stress following aerobic exercise . Psychophysiology , 28 689 – 700 . 199
- Sallis , J. F. and Hovell , M. F. 1990 . Determinants of exercise behavior . Exercise and Sports Science Review , 18 : 307 – 330 .
- Schwartz , G. E. , Davidson , R. J. and Goleman , D. J. 1978 . Patterning of cognitive and somatic processes in the self‐regulation of anxiety: effects of meditation versus exercise . Psychosomatic Medicine , 40 : 321 – 328 .
- Spielberger , CD. 1983 . Manual for the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
- Steptoe , A. 1992 . “ Physical activity and psychological well‐being ” . In Physical Activity and Health , Edited by: Norgan , N. 207 – 229 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Steptoe , A. and Bolton , J. 1988 . The short‐term influence of high and low intensity physical exercise on mood . Psychology and Health , 2 : 91 – 106 .
- Steptoe , A. and Cox , S. 1988 . Acute effects of aerobic exercise on mood . Health Psychology , 7 : 329 – 340 .
- Steptoe , A. and Kearsley , N. 1990 . Cognitive and somatic anxiety . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 28 : 75 – 81 .
- Watson , D. and Pennebaker , J. W. 1989 . Health complaints, stress and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity . Psychological Review , 96 : 234 – 254 .