71
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The effectiveness of smoking cessation programs: Determinants and outcomes

, &
Pages 133-153 | Received 08 Mar 1995, Published online: 19 Dec 2007

References

  • Acri , J. B. and Grunberg , N. E. 1992 . A psychophysical task to quantify smoking cessation-induced irritability: The reactive irritability scale (RIS) . Addictive behaviors , 17 : 587 – 601 .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition , Washington : American Psychiatric Association .
  • Bandura , A. 1977 . Towards a Unifying Theory of Behavior Change . Psychological Review , 84 : 191 – 215 .
  • Baer , J. S. , Holt , C. S. and Lichtenstein , E. 1986 . Self-efficacy and smoking reexamined: Construct validity and clinical utility . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 846 – 852 .
  • Bear , J. S. and Lichtenstein , E. 1988 . Classification and prediction of smoking relapse episodes: An exploration of individual differences . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 104 – 110 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. 1986 . Clinical Pharmacology of Nicotine . Annual Review of Medicine , 37 : 21 – 32 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. , Chan , K. , Denaro , C. P. and Jacob , P. Stable isotope method for studying transdermal drug absorption: The nicotine patch . Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy , 50 286 – 293 .
  • Bernstein , D. A. 1969 . Modification of smoking behavior. An evaluative review . Psychological Bulletin , 71 : 418 – 440 .
  • Best , J. A. and Block , M. 1979 . “ Compliance in the control of cigarette smoking ” . In Compliance in Health Care , Edited by: Haynes , C. 202 – 222 . 488 – 497 . Baltimore : John Hopkins University Press .
  • Best , J. A. , Owen , L. E. and Trentadue , L. 1978 . Comparison of satiation and rapid smoking in self-managed smoking cessation . Addictive Behaviors , 3 : 71 – 78 .
  • Borland , R. 1990 . Slips-ups and Relapse in Attempts to Quit Smoking . Addictive Behaviors , vol. 15 : 235 – 245 .
  • Brandon , T. H. , Tiffany , K. M. and Baker , T. B. 1990 . Postcessation Cigarette Use: The Process of Relapse . Addictive Behaviors , vol 15 : 105 – 114 .
  • Brod , M. I. and Hall , S. M. 1984 . Joiners and Non-joiners in Smoking Treatment: A Comparison of Psycho-social Variables . Addictive Behaviors , 9 : 217 – 221 .
  • Carey , M. P. , Snel , D. L. , Carey , K. B. and Richards , C. S. 1989 . Self-initiated smoking cessation: A review of the empirical literature from a stress and coping perspective . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 13 : 323 – 341 .
  • Carmody , T. P. 1989 . Affect Regulation. Nicotine Addiction and Smoking Cessation . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 21 : 331 – 342 .
  • Chait , L. D. and Griffiths , R. R. 1982 . Smoking behavior and tobacco smoke intake: Response of smokers to shortened cigarettes . Clinical Pharmacological Therapy , 32 : 90 – 97 .
  • Cherek , D. R. , Bennett , R. H. and Grabowski , J. 1991 . Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: Effects of nicotine and placebo gum . Psychopharmacology , : 317 – 322 .
  • Chiles , J. A. , Benjamin , A. H. and Cahn , T. S. “ Who smokes? Why? Psychiatric aspects of continued cigarette usage among lawyers in Washington State. ” . In Comprehensive Psychiatry 176 – 184 .
  • Clarke , P. B. 1991 . Nicotine receptor blockade therapy and smoking cessation . British Journal of Addiction , 86 : 501 – 505 .
  • Cohen , S. and Lichtenstein , E. 1990 . Partner Behaviors that Support Quitting Smoking . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 58 : 304 – 309 .
  • Collins , R. L. , Emont , S. L. and Zywiak , W. H. 1990 . Social Influence Processes in Smoking Cessation: Postquiting Predictors of Long-Term Outcome . Journal of Substance Abuse , vol 2 ( 4 ) : 389 – 403 .
  • Condiotte , M. M. and Lichtenstein , E. 1981 . Self-efficacy and relapse in smoking cessation programs . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 49 : 648 – 658 .
  • Covey , L. S. , Glassman , A. H. and Stetner , F. 1990 . Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Smoking Cessation . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 31 : 350 – 354 .
  • Covey , L. S. , Glassman , A. H. and Stetner , F. 1991 . A Meta-Analysis of Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trials of Clonidine for Smoking Cessation . British J. of Addiction , Vol 86 ( 8 ) : 991 – 998 . Aug
  • Cummings , K. M. , Giovino , G. , Emont , S. L. , Sciandra , R. and Koenigsberg , M. 1986 . Factors influencing success in counseling patients to stop smoking . Patient Education and Counseling , 7 : 189 – 200 .
  • Curry , S. , Marlatt , G. A. and Gordon , J. R. 1987 . Abstinence Violation Effect: Validation of an Attributional Construct with Smoking Cessation . Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology , 55 : 145 – 149 .
  • Danaher , B. G. 1977 . Rapid smoking and self-control in the modification of smoking behavior . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 : 1068 – 1075 .
  • DeWit , H. and Camic , P. M. 1987 . Behavioral and pharmacological treatment of cigarette smoking: End of treatment comparisons . Addictive Behaviors , 11 : 331 – 335 .
  • DiClemente , C. C. 1981 . Self-Efficacy and Smoking Cessation Maintenance . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 5 : 175 – 187 .
  • DiClemente , C. C. , Prochaska , J. O. and Gibertini , M. 1985 . Self-Efficacy and Stages of Self-change of Smoking . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 9 : 181 – 200 .
  • Dilsaver , S. C. , Pariser , S. F. , Churchill , C. M. and Larson , C. N. 1990 . Is there a relationship between failing efforts to stop smoking and depression? . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 10 : 153 – 154 .
  • Emont , S. L. and Cummings , K. M. 1990 . Organizational factors affecting participation in a smoking cessation program and abstinence among 68 auto dealerships . American Journal of Health Promotion , 5 : 107 – 114 .
  • Fagerstrom , K-O. 1978 . Measuring Degree of Physical Dependence to Tobacco Smoking with Reference to Individualization Treatment . Addictive Behaviors , 3 : 235 – 241 .
  • Fagerstrom , K-O and Schneider , N. G. 1989 . Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 12 : 159 – 181 .
  • Fiore , M. C. , Jorenby , D. E. , Baker , T. B. and Kenford , S. L. 1992 . Tobacco dependence and the nicotine patch. Clinical guidelines for effective use . Journal of the American Medical Association , 268 : 2687 – 2694 .
  • Flaxman , J. 1978 . “ Quitting smoking now or later: Gradual, immediate, abrupt and delayed quitting ” . In Behavior therapy 260 – 270 .
  • Flay , B. R. 1987 . Mass media and smoking cessation: A critical review . American Journal of Public Health , 77 : 153 – 160 .
  • Floyd Rimer , R. L.B.K. , Giovino , G. , Mullen , P. D. and Sullivan , S. E. 1992 . A review of smoking in pregnancy: Effects of pregnancy outcomes and cessation efforts . Annual Review of Public Health , vol 14
  • Garcia , M. E. , Smitz , J. M. and Doerfler , L. A. 1990 . A Fine-Grained Analysis of the Role of Self-Efficacy in Self-Initiated Attempts to Quit Smoking . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol 58 : 317 – 322 .
  • Gilbert , D. G. 1979 . Paradoxical tranquillizing and emotion- reducing effects of nictoine . Psychological Bulletin , 86 : 643 – 661 .
  • Glasgow , R. E. , Hollis , J. F. , Ary , D. V. and Lando , H. A. 1990 . Employee and organizational factors associated with participation in an incentive-based worksite smoking cessation program . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 13 : 403 – 418 .
  • Glassman , A. H. , Stetner , F. Walsh , B. T. 1988 . Heavy smokers, smoking cessation and clonidine: Results of a double blind, randomized trial . Journal of the American Medical Association , 259 : 2863 – 2866 .
  • Greenman , M. and McLellan , T. A. 1991 . Negative effects of a smoking ban on an inpatient psychiatry service . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 42 : 408 – 412 .
  • Gritz , E. R. , Berman , B. A. , Read , L. R. and Marcus , A. C. 1990 . Weight change among registered nurses in a self-help smoking cessation program . American Journal of Health Promotion , 5 : 115 – 121 .
  • Gritz , E. R. , Carr , C. R. and Marcus , A. C. 1991 . The tobacco withdrawal syndrome in unaided quitters . British Journal of Addiction , 86 : 57 – 69 .
  • Hadaway , P. , Beyerstein , B. and Kimball , M. 1986 . Addiction as an adaptive response: Is smoking functional behavior? . The Journal of Drug Issues , 16 : 371 – 390 .
  • Hall , R. G. , Sachs , D. P.R. , Hall , S. M. and Benowitz , N. L. 1984 . Two year efficacy and safety of rapid smoking therapy in patients with cardiac and pulmonary disease . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 52 : 574 – 581 .
  • Hanson , B. , Isacsson , S. O. , Janzon , L. and Lindell , S. E. 1990 . Social support and quitting smoking for good. Is there an association? Results from the population study “Men born in 1914”. Malmo Sweden . Addictive Behaviors , 15 : 221 – 233 .
  • Hatsukami , D. K. , Skoog Huber , K. M. and Hughes , J. 1991 . Signs and symptoms from nicotine gum abstinence . Psychopharmacology , 104 ( 4 ) : 496 – 504 .
  • Heatherton , T. F. , Kozlowski , L. T. , Frecker , R. C. and Fagerstrom , K-O. 1991 . The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire . British Journal of Addiction , 86 : 1119 – 1127 .
  • Horn , D. 1976 . A model for the study of personal health behavior . International Journal of Health Education , 19 : 89 – 98 .
  • Hughes , J. R. and Hatsukami , D. K. 1986 . Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal . Archives of General Psychiatry , 43 : 289 – 294 .
  • Hughes , J. R. , Gust , S. W. , Skooge , K. Keenan , R. M. 1991 . Symptoms of tobacco withdrawal: A replication and extension . Archives of General Psychiarty , 48 : 52 – 59 .
  • Hymowitz , N. , Campbell , K. and Feuerman , M. 1991 . Long-term smoking intervention at the worksite: Effects of quit-smoking groups and an “enriched millieu” on smoking cessation in adult white-collar employees . Health Psychology , 10 : 366 – 369 .
  • Ikard , F. F. , Green , D. E. and Horn , D. A. 1969 . A scale to differentiate between types of smoking as related to the management of affect . International Journal of the Addictions , 4 : 649 – 659 .
  • Jason , L. A. and Lonak , C. A. 1990 . A survey of corporate smoking policies . Evaluation of the Health Professions , 13 : 404 – 411 .
  • Kamarck , T. W. and Lichtenstein , E. 1985 . Current trends in clinic-based smoking control . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 7 : 19 – 23 .
  • Kanfer , F. H. 1975 . “ Self-management methods ” . In Helping people change , Edited by: Kanfer , F. H. New York : Pergamon Press .
  • Kaplan , R. M. , Pierce , J. P. , Gilpin , E. A. , Johnson , M. and Bal , D. G. 1993 . Stages of smoking cessation: The 1990 California Tobacco Survey . Tobacco Control , 2 : 139 – 144 .
  • Killen , J. D. , Fortmann , S. P. , Newman , B. and Varady , A. 1990 . Evaluation of a Treatment approach Combining Nicotine Gum with Self-Guided Behavioral Treatments for Smoking Relapse Prevention . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Feb , vol. 58 ( 1 ) : 85 – 92 .
  • Klesges , R. C. , DePue Audrain , K. Klesges , J. L.M. 1991 . Metabolic effects of nicotine gum and cessation of smoking: Potential implications for postcessation weight gain? . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 749 – 752 .
  • Kozlowski , L. 1980 . The role of nicotine in the maintained use of cigarettes , 36 – 43 . Canada : Drug Merchandizing .
  • Lam , W. , Sacks , H. S. , Sze , P. C. and Chalmers , T. C. 1987 . Metal-analysis of randomised controlled trials of nicotine chewing-gum . The Lancet , 4 July
  • Lando , H. A. 1977 . Successful treatment of smokers with a broad spectrum behavioral approach . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 45 : 361 – 366 .
  • Lando , H. A. 1981 . Effects of preparation, experimenter contact, and a maintained reduction alternative on a broad spectrum program for eliminating smoking . Addictive Behaviors , 6 : 123 – 133 .
  • Lando , H. A. and McGovern , P. G. 1982 . Three year data on a behavioral treatment for smoking. A follow-up note . Addictive Behaviors , 7 : 177 – 181 .
  • Lando , H. A. and McGovern , P. G. 1991 . The Influence of Group Cohesion on the Behavioral Treatment of Smoking : A Failure to Replicate . Addictive Behaviors , vol 16 ( 3–4 ) : 111 – 121 .
  • Lassner , J. B. 1991 . Does Social-Support Aid in Weight Loss and Smoking Interventions? Reply from a Family Systems Perspective . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , vol 13 ( 2 ) : 66 – 72 .
  • Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . “ Stress ” . In appraisal and coping , New York : Springer .
  • Leventhal , H. and Cleary , P. D. 1980 . The smoking problem: A review of the research and theory in behavioral risk modification . Psychological Bulletin , 2 : 370 – 405 .
  • Leischow , S. J. and Stitzer , M. L. 1991 . Smoking cessation and weight gain . British Journal of Addiction , 86 : 577 – 581 .
  • Lichtenstein , E. and Brown , R. A. 1983 . “ Smoking cessation methods: Review and recommendations ” . In The Addictive Behaviors , Edited by: Miller , W. R. Oxford : Pergamon Press .
  • Lichtenstein , E. , Glasgow , R. E. and Abrams , D. B. 1986 . Social support in smoking cessation: In search of effective interventions . Behavior Therapy , 17 : 607 – 619 .
  • Lichtenstein , E and Glasgow , R. E. 1992 . Smoking cessation: What have we learned over the past decade? . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 : 518 – 527 .
  • Marlatt , G. A. and Gordon , J. 1985 . Relapse Prevention. Maintenance Strategies in Treatment of Addictive Behaviours , New York : The Guilford Press .
  • Marshall , P. 1990 . “just one more.” A study into the smoking attitudes and behavior of patients following first myocardial infarction . International Journal of Nursing Studies , 27 : 375 – 387 .
  • McBride , C. M. and Pirie , P. L. 1990 . Post Partum Smoking Relapse . Addictive Behaviours , 15 : 165 – 168 .
  • McDermut , W. , Haaga , D. A.F and Shayne , V. T. 1991 . Schemata and Smoking Relapse . Behavior Therapy , 22 : 423 – 434 .
  • Mermelstein , R. , Cohen , S. , Lichtenstein , E. , Bear , J. S. and Kamarck , T. 1986 . Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 47 – 453 .
  • Ockene , J. , Kristeller , J. L. , Goldberg , R. Ockene , I. 1992 . Smoking cessation and severity of disease: The coronary arterial smoking intervention Study . Health Psychology , 11 : 119 – 126 .
  • Oldenburg , B. and Pope , J. 1990 . A Critical Review of Determinants of Smoking Cessation . Behaviour Change , 7 ( 3 ) : 101 – 109 .
  • Pederson , L. L. , Strickland , C. and DesLauriers , A. 1991 . Self-efficacy related to smoking cessation in general practitioners patients . International Journal of the Addictions , 26 : 467 – 485 .
  • Pederson , L. , Wanklin , J. M. and Lefcoe , N. M. 1991 . The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial . International Journal of the Addictions , 26 : 107 – 119 .
  • Perkins , K. A. , Epstein , L. H. and Pastor , S. 1990 . Changes in energy balance following smoking cessation and resumption of smoking in women . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 58 : 121 – 125 .
  • Pomerleau , O. F. , Fertig , J. B. and Shanahan , S. O. 1983 . Nicotine Dependence in Cigarette Smoking: An Empirically-based Multivariate Model . Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , 19 : 291 – 299 .
  • Pomerleau , O. F. and Pomerleau , C. S. 1977 . Break the smoking habit: A behavioral program for giving up cigarettes , Champaign, IL : Research Press .
  • Poole , A. D. , Sanson-Fisher , A. W. and German , G. A. 1981 . The rapid smoking technique: Therapeutic effectiveness . Behavior Research and Therapy , 19 : 389 – 397 .
  • Quinn , V. P. , Mullen , P. D. and Ershoff , D. H. 1991 . Women who stop smoking spontaeously prior to prenatal care and predictors of relapse before delivery . Addictive Behaviors , 16 : 29 – 40 .
  • Rausch , J. L. , Nichinson , B. , Lamke , C. and Matloff , J. 1990 . Influence of Negative Affect on Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcome: A Pilot Study . British Journal of Addiction , 85 : 929 – 933 .
  • Richmond , R. and Heather , N. 1990 . General practitioner interventions for smoking cessation: Past results and future prospects. Special issue: Behavioural research in cancer . Behaviour Change , 7 : 110 – 119 .
  • Russell , M. A.H. , Peto , J. and Patel , U. A. 1974 . The classification of smoking by factorial structure of motives . Journal of the Royal Statisticians Society , 137 : 313 – 333 .
  • Russell , M. A.H. 1978 . “ Smoking addiction: Some implications for cessation ” . In Progress in smoking cessation , Edited by: Schwartz , J. L. New York : American Cancer Society .
  • Schachter , S. , Silverstein , B. , Kozlowski , C. T. , Herman , C. P. and Liebling , B. 1977 . Effects of stress on cigarette smoking and urinary pH . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 106 : 22 – 30 .
  • Schneider , N. G. , Jarvik , M. E. and Forsythe , A. B. 1984 . Nicotine vs. placebo gum in the alleviation of withdrawal during smoking cessation . Addictive Behaviors , 9 : 149 – 156 .
  • Schwartz , J. L. 1987 . “ Review and Evaluation of smoking cessation methods ” . In The United States and Canada , 1978 – 1985 . Bethesda, ML : DHHS .
  • Shiffman , S. S. and Jarvik , M. E. 1976 . Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence . Psychopharmacology , 50 : 35 – 39 .
  • Shiffman , S. S. 1982 . Relapse following smoking cessation: A situational analysis . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 50 : 71 – 87 .
  • Shiffman , S. S. 1984 . Coping with temptations to smoke . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 52 : 261 – 267 .
  • Silagy , Chr. , Mant , D. , Fowler , G. and Lodge , M. 1994 . Meta Analysis on efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in smoking cessation . The Lancer , 343 : 139 – 142 .
  • Slama , K. , Redman , S. Perkins , Reid , J. A. and Sanson Fisher , R. W. 1990 . The effectiveness of two smoking cessation programmes for use in general practice: A randomised clinical trial . British Medical Journal , 300 : 1707 – 1709 .
  • Solomon , R. L. and Corbitt , J. D. 1973 . An Opponent-Process Theory of Motivation: II. Cigarette addiction . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 81 : 158 – 171 .
  • Sperry , J. M. and Nicki , R. M. 1991 . Cognitive appraisal, self-efficacy, and cigarette smoking behavior . Addictive Behaviors , 16 : 381 – 388 .
  • Stolerman , I. P. 1986 . Could nicotine antagonists be used in smoking cessation? . British Journal of Addiction , 81 : 47 – 53 .
  • Stuart , K. , Borland , R. and McMurray , N. 1994 . Self-efficacy, health locus of control, and smoking cessation . Addictive Behaviors , 19 : 1 – 12 .
  • Sutton , S. R. , Marsh , A. and Matheson , J. 1990 . Microanalysis of smokers' beliefs about the consequences of quitting: Results from a large population sample . Journal of Applied Psychology , 20 : 1847 – 1862 .
  • Tn⊘nnesen , P. , Srregaard , J. , Símonsen , K. and Uwe , U. 1991 . A Double-blind Trial of 16-Hour Nicotine Patch in Smoking Cessation . New England Journal of Medicine , vol. 325 ( 5 ) : 311 – 315 . Aug
  • Tomkins , S. 1968 . “ A Modified Model of Smoking Behavior ” . In Smoking Health and Behavior , Edited by: Borgatta , E. T. and Evans , R. R. Chicago : Aldine .
  • Tsushima , W. T. and Shizimu , A. A. 1990 . Effects of a no-smoking policy upon medical center employees . International Journal of the Addictions , 26 : 23 – 38 .
  • USDHHS . 1981 . The health consequences of smoking: The changing cigarette , Maryland : USDHHS . A report of the surgeon general
  • USDHHS . 1988 . The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine Addiction , Maryland : USDHHS . A report of the surgeon general
  • USDHHS . 1990 . The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation , Maryland : USDHHS . A report of the surgeon general
  • USDHHS . 1994 . Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People , Maryland : USDHHS . A report of the surgeon general
  • Walker , W. B. and Franzini , L. R. 1985 . Low-risk aversive group treatments, physiological feedback, and booster sessions for smoking cessation . Behavior Therapy , 16 : 363 – 374 .
  • Woodson , Ph. P. 1984 . Mediation of cigarette smoking's energizing yet stabilizing effects on psycho-physiological function , Doctoral Dissertation Zürich : ADAG Administration and Druck AG . ETH nr. 7560

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.