Pseudohyperkalemia in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed hematological malignancies

References

• Siegel DA, King JB, Lupo PJ, et al. Counts, incidence rates, and trends of pediatric cancer in the United States, 2003-2019. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(11):1337–1354. doi:10.1093/jnci/djad115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prusakowski MK, Cannone D. Pediatric oncologic emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(3):527–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steliarova-Foucher E, Colombet M, et al. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(6):719–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cairo MS, Bishop M. Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification. Br J Haematol. 2004;127(1):3–11. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard SC, Trifilio S, Gregory TK, et al. Tumor lysis syndrome in the era of novel and targeted agents in patients with hematologic malignancies: a systematic review. Ann Hematol. 2016;95(4):563–573. doi:10.1007/s00277-015-2585-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng QH, Krahn J. Reverse pseudohyperkalemia in heparin plasma samples from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Biochem. 2011;44(8–9):728–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghersin Z, Fernandes ND, Winkler A, et al. Pseudohyperkalemia and pseudohyponatremia in two children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr. 2021;232:294–298. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merritt M, Kline H, Garimella S, et al. Pseudohyperkalemia in a patient with t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and hyperleukocytosis. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2018;7(3):166–168. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1624569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lábadi Á, Nagy Á, et al. Factitious hyperkalemia in hematologic disorders. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2017;77(1):66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bnaya A, Ruchlemer R, Itzkowitz E, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and recognition of pseudohyperkalemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol. 2021;114(1):102–108. doi:10.1007/s12185-021-03142-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggioni AP, Dondi L, et al. Prevalence, clinical impact and costs of hyperkalaemia: Special focus on heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(8):e13551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garwicz D, Karlman M. Early recognition of reverse pseudohyperkalemia in heparin plasma samples during leukemic hyperleukocytosis can prevent iatrogenic hypokalemia. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(18):1700–1702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, Di Giovanni A, Metafuni E, Laurenti L, Sica S, and Pagano L. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017;10(2):147–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Huang FL, et al. Pseudohyperkalemia accompanying actual hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in an adolescent with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Clin Biochem. 2022;101:5–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery J, Sharma A, Ayling RM, et al. Detection of haemolysis and reporting of potassium results in samples from neonates. Ann Clin Biochem. 2009;46(Pt 3):222–225. doi:10.1258/acb.2009.008241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dickinson H, Webb NJA, Chaloner C, et al. Pseudohyperkalaemia associated with leukaemic cell lysis during pneumatic tube transport of blood samples. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012;27(6):1029–1031. doi:10.1007/s00467-012-2102-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizzi JM, Rizzo C, Fava S, et al. Pseudohyperkalaemia in essential thrombocytosis: an important clinical reminder. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2021;2021. doi:10.1530/EDM-21-0013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El Shamy O, Rein JL, Kattamanchi S, et al. Reverse pseudohyperkalemia is more than leukocytosis: a retrospective study. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14(5):1443–1449. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garwicz D, Karlman M, et al. Reverse pseudohyperkalemia in heparin plasma samples from a child with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412(3–4):396–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claver-Belver N, Cano-Corres R, Miró-Cañís S, et al. Pseudohyperkalemia due to severe leukocytosis: case presentation. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(12):e365–e367. doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-0139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzych G, Roland E, et al. Benefit of point of care testing in patient with major hyperleukocytosis. Clin Biochem. 2019;65:55–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peter Nonkes LJ, de Haas V, et al. Evaluation and management of leukolysis-mediated pseudohyperkalemia in paediatric leukemic samples. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2022;32(1):010904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng QH, Wagar EA. Pseudohyperkalemia: A new twist on an old phenomenon. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2015;52(2):45–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno G, Gunsolus IL. Reverse pseudohyperkalemia and pseudohyponatremia in a patient with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Biochem. 2020;78:63–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hétu P-O, Hobeila S, Larivière F, et al. Improved sample quality and decreased turnaround time when using plasma blood collection tubes with a mechanical separator in a large university hospital. J Appl Lab Med. 2021;6(2):409–420. doi:10.1093/jalm/jfaa111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grzych G, Roland E, Lezier D, et al. Pneumatic tube system transport and false hyperkalemia related to leukocytosis: a retrospective analysis. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2019;77(3):281–286. doi:10.1684/abc.2019.1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellerman PS, Thornbery JM. Pseudohyperkalemia due to pneumatic tube transport in a leukemic patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;46(4):746–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh MS. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of hyponatremia. Nephron. 2002;92 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):2–8. doi:10.1159/000065370.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar