The Earth Is Flat, Almost: Measuring Marketing Standardization and Profit Performance of Japanese and U.S. Firms

REFERENCES

• Armstrong , J. S. and Overton , T. S. 1977 . Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys . Journal of Marketing Research. , 14 : 396 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baalbaki , I. and Malhotra , N. 1993 . Marketing management bases for international market segmentation: An alternative look at the standardization customization debate . International Marketing Review. , 10 : 19 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Barney , J. 1991 . Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage . Journal of Management. , 17 : 99 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochner , S. and Hesketh , B. 1994 . Power distance, individualism, collectivism, and job related attitudes in a culturally diverse work group . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 25 : 233 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boddewyn , J. J. and Grosse , R. 1995 . American marketing in the European Union: Standardization's uneven progress, 1973-1993 . European Journal of Marketing. , 29 : 23 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Cateora , P. R. and Graham , J. 2007 . International marketing , New York : Irwin McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Cavusgil , S. T. and Zou , S. 1994 . Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures . Journal of Marketing. , 58 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavusgil , S. T. , Zou , S. and Naidu , G. M. 1993 . Product and promotion adaptation in export ventures: An empirical investigation . Journal of International Business Studies. , 24 : 479 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , H. F. L. 2003 . International standardization strategies: The experiences of Australian and New Zealand firms operating in the greater China markets . Journal of International Marketing. , 11 : 48 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , H. F. L. 2007a . International marketing standardization strategies analysis: A cross-national investigation . Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics , 19 : 145 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Chung , H. F. L. 2007b . The impact of a centralized organizational structure on marketing standardization strategy and performance: The experience of price, place and management processes . Journal of Global Marketing , 21 : 83 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , C. S. and Douglas , S. 2000 . Configurable advantage in global markets . Journal of International Marketing. , 8 : 6 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , T. L. 2007 . The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century , New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , D. A. , Hu , M. Y. and Ryans , J. K. Jr. 2000 . Process standardization across intra- and inter-cultural relationships . Journal of International Business Studies. , 31 : 303 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair , J. F. , Anderson , R. E. , Tatham , R. and Black , W. C. 1995 . Multivariate data analysis with readings , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad? . Organizational Dynamics , : 42 – 63 . Summer
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain , S. C. 1989 . Standardization of international marketing strategy: Some research hypotheses . Journal of Marketing. , 53 : 70 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , J. K. and Yip , G. S. 1994 . Exploiting globalization potential: U. S. and Japanese strategies . Strategic Management Journal , 18 : 579 – 601 .
   Google Scholar
• Julian , C. C. and O'Cass , A. 2004 . The antecedents of export marketing performance: An Australian perspective . Journal of Asia Pacific Marketing. , 3 : 99 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Katsikeas , C. S. , Samiee , S. and Theodosiou , M. 2006 . Strategy fit and performance consequences of international marketing standardization . Strategic Management Journal. , 27 : 867 – 881 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kustin , R. and Jones , R. 1995 . The influence of corporate headquarters on leadership styles in Japanese and US subsidiary companies . Leadership and Organizational Development Journal. , 16 : 11 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Kustin , R. A. 2004 . Marketing mix standardization: A cross-cultural study of four countries . International Business Review. , 13 : 637 – 649 .
   Google Scholar
• Laroche , M. , Kirpalani , V. H. , Pons , F. and Zhou , L. 2001 . A model of advertising standardization in multinational corporations . Journal of International Business Studies , 32 : 249 – 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt , T. 1983 . The globalization of markets . Harvard Business Review , 61 : 92 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon , B. J. and Jain , S. C. 2002 . Consumer processing of foreign advertisements: Role of country-of-origin perceptions, consumer ethnocentrism, and country attitude . International Business Review , 11 : 117 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakos , G. and Brouthers , K. D. 1998 . The impact of firm and managerial characteristics on small and medium-sized Greek firms' export performance . Journal of Global Marketing , 11 : 23 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Norusis , M. J. 2007 . SPSS for Windows: Advanced statistics , Chicago : SPSS Inc .
   Google Scholar
• O'Donnell , S. and Jeong , I. 2000 . Marketing standardization within global industries: An empirical study of performance implications . International Marketing Review , 17 : 19 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozsomer , A. and Simonin , B. 2004 . Marketing program standardization: A cross-country exploration . International Journal of Research in Marketing , 21 : 397 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okazaki , S. , Taylor , C. R. and Zou , S. 2006 . Advertising standardization's positive impact on the bottom line: A model of when and how standardization improves financial and strategic performance . Journal of Advertising , 35 : 17 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , M. 1986 . Changing patterns of international competition . California Management Review , 28 : 9 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samiee , S. and Roth , K. 1992 . The influence of global marketing standardization on performance . Journal of Marketing , 56 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer , F. M. and Ross , D. 1990 . Industrial market structure and economic performance , Chicago : Rand McNally .
   Google Scholar
• Shoham , A. 1996 . Marketing-mix standardization: Determinants of export performance . Journal of Global Marketing , 10 : 53 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Solberg , A. and Durrieu , F. 2008 . Strategy development in international markets: A two tier approach . International Marketing Review. , 25 : 520 – 545 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson , R. Z. and Wiechmann , U. E. 1975 . How multinationals view marketing standardization . Harvard Business Review , 53 : 38 – 54 . 166 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theodosiou , M. and Leondou , L. C. 2003 . Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: An integrative assessment of the empirical research . International Business Review. , 12 : 141 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , J. D. , Yeniyurt , S. , Deligonul , Z. S. and Cavusgil , S. T. 2004 . Exploring the marketing program antecedents of performance in a global company . Journal of International Marketing. , 12 : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou , S. and Cavusgil , S. T. 2002 . The GMS: A broad conceptualization of global marketing strategy and its effect on firm performance . Journal of Marketing , 66 : 40 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar