Ethics and aesthetics in injection treatments with Botox and Filler

References

• Abbas, O. L., Kukcuoglu, A., Aytop, C. D., Uysal, C., & Pelin, C. (2017). Perception of symmetry in aesthetic rhinoplasty patients: Anthropometric, demographic, and psychological analysis. Perception, 46, 1151–1170. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006617714214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2014). ASAP. Cosmetic Procedures, Retrieved from http://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures.html
   Google Scholar
• American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2020). ASAP. Plastic Surgery Statistics, Retrieved from https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/plastic-surgery-statistics
   Google Scholar
• Atiyeh, B. S., Rubeiz, M. T., & Hayek, S. N. (2008). Aesthetic/Cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 32(6), 829–839. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-008-9246-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berwick, S., & Humble, A. (2017). Older women’s negative psychological and physical experiences with injectable cosmetic treatments to the face. Journal of Women & Aging, 29(1), 51–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2015.1063954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowyer, L., Krebs, G., Mataix-Cols, D., Veale, D., & Monzani, B. (2016). A critical review of cosmetic treatment outcomes in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 19, 1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor, J. (2005). Cosmetic dermatology and physicians’ ethical obligations: More than just hope in a jar. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 24(3), 155–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2005.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, S. (1997). Content analysis: Concepts, methods and applications. Nurse Researcher, 4, 5–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.4.3.5.s2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, J. Y. (2015). Female college students’ attitudes toward non-surgical cosmetic procedures. Intercultural Communication Studies, XXIV(3), 116–130.
   Google Scholar
• Chrisler, J. C., Gorman, A. J., Serra, K. E., & Chapman, K. R. (2012). Up to aging: Mid-life Women’s attitudes toward cosmetic procedures. Women & Therapy, 35, 193–206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2012.684540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (‘Unfair Commercial Practices Directive’) (Text with EEA relevance). (2005). OJ L, 149(11.6.2005), 22–39. Retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2005/29/oj
   Google Scholar
• Elo, S., & Kyngäs, S. H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Committee for Standardization. (2017). Aesthetic medicine services- Non-surgical medical treatments (EN 16844:2017+A2:2019). Retrieved from https://www.sis.se/api/document/preview/8027222/
   Google Scholar
• Federal trade commission. (2020). Truth in advertising. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/truth-advertising
   Google Scholar
• Gilman, S. L. (1999). Making the body beautiful: A cultural history of aesthetic surgery. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, A. E. (2019). Identification and parasocial relationships with characters from star wars: The force awakens. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(1), 88–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurd, L. C. (2000). Older women’s body image and embodied experience: An exploration. Journal of Women & Aging, 12(3–4), 77–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J074v12n03_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2019). ISAPS international survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.isaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ISAPS_2017_International_Study_Cosmetic_Procedures_NEW.pdf
   Google Scholar
• International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2020). ISAPS. Non-surgical procedures. Retrieved from https://www.isaps.org/procedures/non-surgical/
   Google Scholar
• Kelleher, M. (2012). Ethical issues, dilemmas and controversies in ‘cosmetic’ or aesthetic dentistry: A personal opinion. British Dental Journal, 212(8), 365–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konsumentverket. [The Swedish Consumer Agency]. (2018). Läget för Sveriges konsumenter [The situation for Sweden’s consumers] (Rapport nr. 2018:1). Retrieved from https://www.konsumentverket.se/globalassets/publikationer/var-verksamhet/konsumentrapporten-2018-konsumentverket.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Krieger, L. M. (2002). Discount cosmetic surgery: Industry trends and strategies for success. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 110(2), 614–619. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200208000-00039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. S., Dong, M. M., Liu, L. B., & Hu, X. Y. (2014). Ethical issues in Chinese aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 38(5), 994–1000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-014-0375-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Moriarty, S. (2015). Ethical choices in aesthetic medicine and beyond. Clinical Scholars Review, 8(2), 235–240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1891/1939-2095.8.2.235
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, K. P. (1991). Women and the knife: Cosmetic surgery and the colonization of women’s bodies. Hypatia, 6(3), 25–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1991.tb00254.x
   Google Scholar
• Moulton, S. J., Gullyas, C., Hogg, F. J., & Power, K. G. (2018). Psychosocial predictors of body image dissatisfaction in patients referred for NHS aesthetic surgery. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 71(2), 149–154. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2017.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi, S. (2010). The ethics of aesthetic surgery. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, 3(1), 38–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2077.63396
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarcu, D., & Adamson, P. (2017). Psychology of the facelift patient. Facial Plastic Surgery, 33(3), 252–259. doi:https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socialstyrelsen. [National Board of Health and Welfare]. (2018). Estetiska behandlingar som kräver medicinsk kompetens och som kan innebära betydande hälsorisker: Redovising av regeringsuppdrag [Aesthetic treatments that require medical expertise and which can pose significant health risks: Accounting of government assignments]. Stockholm, Sweden. Retrieved from https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/ovrigt/2018-9-21.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Spear, M. (2010). The ethical dilemmas of aesthetic medicine: What every provider should consider. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 30(3), 152–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/PSN.0b013e3181ee1789
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vučinić, N., Tubbs, R. S., Erić, M., Vujić, Z., Marić, D., & Vuković, B. (2019). What do we find attractive about the face?: Survey study with application to aesthetic surgery. Clinical Anatomy. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23455
   Google Scholar
• Wen, N. (2017). Celebrity influence and young people’s attitudes toward cosmetic surgery in Singapore: The role of parasocial relationships and identification. International Journal of Communication, 11, 1234–1252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilińska, M. (2016). Proud to be a woman: Womanhood, old age, and emotions. Journal of Women & Aging, 28(4), 334–345. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2015.1017431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Medical Association. (2013). Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191–2194. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar