Communicating emotional support: family caregivers’ visits with residents living with dementia in nursing homes

References

• Antonucci, T. C., & Akiyama, H. (1987). An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women. Sex Roles, 17(11), 737–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00287685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azad, N. A., Al Bugami, M., & Loy-English, I. (2007). Gender differences in dementia risk factors. Gender Medicine, 4(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80026-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, T. J., Duivenvoorden, H. J., van der Lee, J., Olde Rikkert, M. G., Beekman, A. T., & Ribbe, M. W. (2011). Integrative psychotherapeutic nursing home program to reduce multiple psychiatric symptoms of cognitively impaired patients and caregiver burden: Randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(6), 507–520. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181eafdc6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Björk, S., Juthberg, C., Lindkvist, M., Wimo, A., Sandman, P.-O., Winblad, B., & Edvardsson, D. (2016). Exploring the prevalence and variance of cognitive impairment, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms and ADL dependency among persons living in nursing homes; a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0328-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bourgeois, M., Dijkstra, K., Burgio, L., & Allen-Burge, R. (2001). Memory aids as an augmentative and alternative communication strategy for nursing home residents with dementia. Informa Healthcare, 17(3), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/aac.17.3.196.210
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969/1999). Attachment (2nd ed.). Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Carpiac-Claver, M. L., & Levy-Storms, L. (2007). In a manner of speaking: Communication between nurse aides and older adults in long-term care settings. Health Communication, 22(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230701310307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crimmins, E. M., Kim, J. K., & Solé-Auró, A. (2011). Gender differences in health: Results from SHARE, ELSA and HRS. European Journal of Public Health, 21(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushnir, R. (2009). The one thing holding you back: Unleashing the power of emotional connection. HarperOne.
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey, N. P., & Pruchno, R. A. (1993). The family’s role in the nursing home: Predictors of technical and non-technical assistance. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 21(1/2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083V21N01_09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, M. T., & Morgan, D. L. (1994). Sharing the caring: Family caregivers’ views of their relationships with nursing home staffs. The Gerontologist, 34(2), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/34.2.235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edvardsson, D., Winblad, B., & Sandman, P. O. (2008). Person-centred care of people with severe Alzheimer’s disease: Current status and ways forward. Lancet Neurology, 7(4), 362–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70063-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Z., Fennell, M. L., Tyler, D. A., Clark, M., & Mor, V. (2011). Growth of racial and ethnic minorities in US nursing homes driven by demographics and possible disparities in options. Health Affairs, 30(7), 1358–1365. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R. (2010). Speaking silence: The social construction of silence in autobiographical and cultural narratives. Memory, 18(2), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903029404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, L., Lloyd, A., Flynn, J. A., Kleinman, L., Matza, L. S., Margolis, M. K., … Bullock, R. (2006). Impact of cognitive impairment on mild dementia patients and mild cognitive impairment patients and their informants. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(1), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205002450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin, L. N., Winter, L., Vause Earland, T., Adel Herge, E., Chernett, N. L., Piersol, C. V., & Burke, J. P. (2009). The tailored activity program to reduce behavioral symptoms in individuals with dementia: Feasibility, acceptability, and replication potential. Gerontologist, 49(3), 428–439. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Godwin, K. M., Swank, P. R., Vaeth, P., & Ostwald, S. K. (2013). The longitudinal and dyadic effects of mutuality on perceived stress for stroke survivors and their spousal caregivers. Aging and Mental Health, 17(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.756457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith, D. J. (2004). Communicating social support. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hammar, L. M., Emami, A., Engström, G., & Götell, E. (2011). Communicating through caregiver singing during morning care situations in dementia care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 25(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00806.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hane, A., LaCoursiere, J., Mitsuyama, M., Wieman, S., Ludwig, R., Kwon, K., … Welch, M. (2018). The welch emotional connection screen (WECS): Validation of a brief mother-infant relational health screen. Acta Paediatrica, 108(4), 615-625.. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14483
   Google Scholar
• Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., & Phillips, L. H. (2004). Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 42(9), 1212–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, S. (2008). Utilizing qualitative data analysis software: AReview of Atlas.ti. Social Science Computer Review, 26(4), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439307312485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablonski, R. A., Reed, D., & Maas, M. L. (2005). Care intervention for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: Effect of family involvement on cognitive and functional outcomes in nursing homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 31 (6), 38–48. Retrieved from. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16138529.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, S. (2008). Hold me tight: Seven conversations for a lifetime of love. Little, Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., & Albright, L. (1987). Accuracy in interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 102(3), 390. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.102.3.390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, E., & Buschmann, M. (1999). The effect of expressive physical touch on patients with dementia. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 36(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00019-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler, S. (2004). How to communicate with Alzheimer’s: A practical guide and workbook for families. Granny’s Rocker Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Koren, M. J. (2010). Person-centered care for nursing home residents: The culture-change movement. Health Affairs, 29(2), 312–317. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, G. E. (2010). Predictors of adjustment to nursing home life of elderly residents: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(8), 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy-Storms, L., Harris, L. M., & Chen, X. (2016). A video-based intervention on and evaluation of nursing aides’ therapeutic communication and residents’ agitation during mealtime in a dementia care unit. Journal of Nutritional Geriatrics, 35(4), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2016.1238430
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy-Storms, L., & Miller-Martinez, D. (2005). Family caregiver involvement and satisfaction with institutional care during the 1st year after admission. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 24(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464804272102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy-Storms, L., Schnelle, J. F., & Simmons, S. F. (2007). What do family members notice following an intervention to improve mobility and incontinence care for nursing home residents? An analysis of open-ended comments. Gerontologist, 47(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.1.14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litwak, E., & Meyer, H. J. (1966). A balance theory of coordination between bureaucratic organizations and community primary groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 11(1), 31–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391393
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, D., Vagenas, D., Pachana, N. A., Begum, N., & Dobson, A. (2010). Gender differences in social network size and satisfaction in adults in their 70s. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(5), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merz, E., Consedine, N. S., Schulze, H., & Schuengel, C. (2009a). Wellbeing of adult children and ageing parents: Associations with intergenerational support and relationship quality. Ageing & Society, 29(5), 783–802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X09008514
   Google Scholar
• Merz, E., Schuengel, C., & Schulze, H. (2007). Intergenerational solidarity: An attachment perspective. Journal of Aging Studies, 21(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2006.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naleppa, M. J. (1996). Families and the institutionalized elderly: A review. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 27(1/2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v27n01_07
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri, A. L., Yassuda, M. S., Fortes-Burgos, A. C. G., Mantovani, E. P., Arbex, F. S., de Souza Torres, S. V., … Guariento, M. E. (2012). Relationships between gender, age, family conditions, physical and mental health, and social isolation of elderly caregivers. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(3), 472–483. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211001700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015). Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evidence Based Nursing, 18(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nusselder, W. J., Cambois, E. M., Wapperom, D., Meslé, F., Looman, C. W. N., Yokota, R. T. C., … Robine, J. M. (2019). Women’s excess unhealthy life years: Disentangling the unhealthy life years gap. European Journal of Public Health, 29(5), 914–919. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obst, P., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Krosch, D. J., & Rogers, E. J. (2019). Reliability and validity of the brief 2-way social support scale: An investigation of social support in promoting older adult well-being. SAGE Open Medicine, 7, 1-10. https://doi.org/2050312119836020. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119836020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ory, M. G., Hoffman, I. I. I., Yee, R. R., Tennstedt, J. L., & Schulz, R. (1999). Prevalence and impact of caregiving: A detailed comparison between dementia and nondementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 39(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/39.2.177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padgett, D. K. (1998). Qualitative methods in social work research: Challenges and rewards. SAGE Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, B. J. (1995). The process of social support: Adjusting to life in a nursing home. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(4), 682–689. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.21040682.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piiparinen, R., & Whitlatch, C. J. (2011a). Existential loss as a determinant to well-being in the dementia caregiving dyad: A conceptual model. Dementia, 10(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301211398989
   Google Scholar
• Port, C. L. (2004). Identifying changeable barriers to family involvement in the nursing home for cognitively impaired residents. Gerontologist, 44(6),770–778. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000225800500005. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/44.6.770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Port, C. L., Zimmerman, S., Williams, C. S., Dobbs, D., Preisser, J. S., & Williams, S. W. (2005). Families filling the gap: Comparing family involvement for assisted living and nursing home residents with dementia. Gerontologist, 45 (supp_1), 87–95. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/45.suppl_1.87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rundqvist, E. M., & Severinsson, E. (1999). Caring relationships with patients suffering from dementia—an interview study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29(4), 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00955.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnelle, J. F., Simmons, S. F., Harrington, C., Cadogan, M., Garcia, E., & Bates-Jensen, B. M. (2004). Relationship of nursing home staffing to quality of care. Health Services Research, 39(2),225–250. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000220100800002. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00225.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shriver, M. (2009). The shriver report: A woman’s nation changes everything. Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, K. L., Crete-Nishihata, M., Damianakis, T., Baecker, R., & Marziali, E. (2009). Multimedia biographies: A reminiscence and social stimulus tool for persons with cognitive impairment. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 27(4), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830903329831
   Google Scholar
• Stull, D. E., Cosbey, J., Bowman, K., & McNutt, W. (1997). Institutionalization:Acontinuation of family care. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 16(4), 379–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346489701600401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vikström, S., Josephsson, S., Stigsdotter-Neely, A., & Nygård, L. (2008). Engagement in activities: Experiencesof persons with dementia and their caregiving spouses. Dementia, 7(2), 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301208091164
   Google Scholar
• Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, B., O’Philbin, L., Farrell, E. M., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. (2018). Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001120.pub3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodward, M. (2013). Aspects of communication in Alzheimer’s disease: Clinical features and treatment options. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(6), 877–885. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213000318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto-Mitani, N., Aneshensel, C. S., & Levy-Storms, L. (2002a). Patterns of family visiting with institutionalized elders. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(4), S234. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.4.S234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto-Mitani, N., Aneshensel, C. S., & Levy-Storms, L. (2002b). Patterns of family visiting with institutionalized elders: The case of dementia. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(4),S234–S246. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000176713200014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar