Nonfinancial conflict of interest in peer-review: Some notes for discussion

References

• Abdoul, H., C. Perrey, F. Tubach, P. Amiel, I. Durand-Zaleski, and C. Alberti. 2012. “Non-Financial Conflicts of Interest in Academic Grant Evaluation: A Qualitative Study of Multiple Stakeholders in France”. PLoS ONE 7: e35247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, J., and M. Hillman. 2001. “The Risk Compensation Theory and Bicycle Helmets.” Injury Prevention 7: 89–91. doi:10.1136/ip.7.2.89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernstein, D., and C. Reid (Hosts). 2021. “Ralph Buehler and John Pucher on Cycling for Sustainable Cities (No. 273) [Audio Podcast].” Spokesmen cycling Podcast, May 8. Accessed 24 September 2021. https://www.the-spokesmen.com/cyclingforsustainablecities/
   Google Scholar
• Bero, L. A. 2017. “Addressing Bias and Conflict of Interest among Biomedical Researchers.” JAMA 317: 1723–1724. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bero, L. A., and Q. Grundy. 2016. “Why Having a (Nonfinancial) Interest Is Not a Conflict of Interest.” PLoS Biology 14: e2001221. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bik, E. 2020, December 31. “2020: A Year in Review.” Accessed 24 September 2021. https://scienceintegritydigest.com/2020/12/31/2020-a-year-in-review/
   Google Scholar
• Churches, T. 2014. “Journal of Transport and Health and Publication Bias?” Accessed 24 September 2021. https://injurystats.wordpress.com/2014/03/28/jth-bias/
   Google Scholar
• COPE Council. 2021. COPE Flowcharts and Infographics — Handling of Post-publication Critiques — English. doi:10.24318/o1VgCAih.
   Google Scholar
• Cripton, P. A., D. M. Dressler, C. A. Stuart, C. R. Dennison, and D. Richards. 2014. “Bicycle Helmets are Highly Effective at Preventing Head Injury during Head Impact: Head-form Accelerations and Injury Criteria for Helmeted and Unhelmeted Impacts.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 70: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, R. 2001. “Peers under Pressure.” Nature 413 (6852): 102–104. doi:10.1038/35093252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EiC’s biography. n.d. Accessed 24 September 2021. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-and-health/editorial-board/charles-ba-musselwhite-phd-pgcert-distinction-bsc-hons
   Google Scholar
• Fahlstedt, M., P. Halldin, and S. Kleiven. 2016. “The Protective Effect of a Helmet in Three Bicycle Accidents—a Finite Element Study.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 91: 135–143. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.02.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, C. W., A. Y. Albert, and T. H. Vines. 2017. “Recruitment of Reviewers is Becoming Harder at Some Journals: A Test of the Influence of Reviewer Fatigue at Six Journals in Ecology and Evolution.” Research Integrity and Peer Review 2 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s41073-017-0027-x.
   Google Scholar
• Gallo, S. A., M. Lemaster, and S. R. Glisson. 2016. “Frequency and Type of Conflicts of Interest in the Peer Review of Basic Biomedical Research Funding Applications: Self-Reporting versus Manual Detection.” Science and Engineering Ethics 22: 189–197. doi:10.1007/s11948-015-9631-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldacre, B., and D. Spiegelhalter. 2013. “Bicycle Helmets and the Law.” BMJ 346: f3817. doi:10.1136/bmj.f3817.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldberg, D. S. 2020. “Financial Conflicts of Interest are of Higher Ethical Priority than “Intellectual” Conflicts of Interest.” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17: 217–227. doi:10.1007/s11673-020-09989-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy, Q., C. Mayes, K. Holloway, S. Mazzarello, B. D. Thombs, and L. Bero. 2020. “Conflict of Interest as Ethical Shorthand: Understanding the Range and Nature of “Non-financial Conflict of Interest” in Biomedicine.” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 120: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.12.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Høye, A. 2018. “Bicycle Helmets–to Wear or Not to Wear? A Meta-analyses of the Effects of Bicycle Helmets on Injuries.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 117: 85–97. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelland, K. 2019. “Special Report: Online Activists are Silencing Us, Scientists Say.” Reuters, March 13. Accessed 24 September 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-social-media-specialreport/special-report-online-activists-are-silencing-us-scientists-say-idUSKBN1QU1EI
   Google Scholar
• Lanier, W. L. 2021. “Dealing with Inappropriate-, Low-quality-, and Other Forms of Challenging Peer Review, Including Hostile Referees and Inflammatory or Confusing Critiques: Prevention and Treatment.” Accountability in Research: Policies and Quality Assurance 21: 162–185. doi:10.1080/08989621.2020.1815010.
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh, A. S., A. Lai, and E. Schilter. 2013. “Bicycle Helmets: Head Impact Dynamics in Helmeted and Unhelmeted Oblique Impact Tests.” Traffic Injury Prevention 14: 501–508. doi:10.1080/15389588.2012.727217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, D. S., and S. Whitehead. 2013. “A Computational Simulation Study of the Influence of Helmet Wearing on Head Injury Risk in Adult Cyclists.” Accident Analysis and Prevention 60: 15–23. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mindell, J. 2014. “Journal of Transport and Health and Publication Bias?” August 22. Accessed 24 September 2021. https://injurystats.wordpress.com/2014/03/28/jth-bias/
   Google Scholar
• Mueller, N., D. Rojas-Rueda, T. Cole-Hunter, A. De Nazelle, E. Dons, R. Gerike, T. Götschi, L. Int Panis, S. Kahlmeier, and M. Nieuwenhuijsen. 2015. “Health Impact Assessment of Active Transportation: A Systematic Review.” Preventive Medicine 76: 103–114. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nature. n.d. “Competing Interests.” Accessed 24 September 2021 https://www.nature.com/nature-portfolio/editorial-policies/competing-interests
   Google Scholar
• Nature editorial. 2018. “Nature Journals Tighten Rules on Non-financial Conflicts.” Nature 554: 6. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-01420-8.
   Google Scholar
• Of The Lancet, E.; Editors of the Lancet. 2021. “Addendum: Competing Interests and the Origins of SARS-CoV-2.” The Lancet 397: 2449. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01377-5.
   Google Scholar
• Oja, P., S. Titze, A. Bauman, B. De Geus, P. Krenn, B. Reger-Nash, and T. Kohlberger. 2011. “Health Benefits of Cycling: A Systematic Review”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 21: 496–509. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01299.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivier, J. 2014. “Journal of Transport and Health and Publication Bias? [Blog Post],” March 14. Accessed 24 September 2021. https://injurystats.wordpress.com/2014/03/28/jth-bias/
   Google Scholar
• Olivier, J., J. J. Wang, W. Scott, and R. Grzebieta. 2014. “Anti-helmet Arguments: Lies, Damned Lies and Flawed Statistics.” Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety 25: 10–23.
   Google Scholar
• Olivier, J., and P. Creighton. 2017. “Bicycle Injuries and Helmet Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” International Journal of Epidemiology 46: 278–292. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnik, D. B., B. Konecny, and G. E. Kissling. 2017. “Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure Policies of Environmental, Occupational, and Public Health Journals.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 59: 28–33. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnik, D. B., and S. A. Elmore. 2016. “Ensuring the Quality, Fairness, and Integrity of Journal Peer Review: A Possible Role of Editors.” Science and Engineering Ethics 22: 169–188. doi:10.1007/s11948-015-9625-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, D. L. 1998. “Helmet Laws and Health.” Injury Prevention 4: 170–172. doi:10.1136/ip.4.3.170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson, D. L. 2003. “Helmet Laws and Cycle Use.” Injury Prevention 9: 380–381. doi:10.1136/ip.9.4.380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwell, S. 2006. “Ethics of Peer Review: A Guide for Manuscript Reviewers.” Accessed 28 February 2021. http://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/prethics.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rodwin, M. A. 2018. “Attempts to Redefine Conflicts of Interest.” Accountability in Research 25: 67–78. doi:10.1080/08989621.2017.1405728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silbiger, N. J., and A. D. Stubler. 2019. “Unprofessional Peer Reviews Disproportionately Harm Underrepresented Groups in STEM.” PeerJ 7: e8247. doi:10.7717/peerj.8247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart, P. 2020. “Dealing with Difficult Authors.” European Science Editing 46: e52201. doi:10.3897/ese.2020.e52201.
   Google Scholar
• THSG. n.d. “The Transport and Health Science Group.” Accessed 24 September 2021. https://www.transportandhealth.org.uk/
   Google Scholar
• Wiersma, M., I. Kerridge, and W. Lipworth. 2018a. “Dangers of Neglecting Non-financial Conflicts of Interest in Health and Medicine.” Journal of Medical Ethics 44: 319–322. doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiersma, M., I. Kerridge, and W. Lipworth. 2018b. “Should We Try to Manage Non-financial Interests?” BMJ 361: k1240. doi:10.1136/bmj.k1240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar