Publication Cover
School Effectiveness and School Improvement
An International Journal of Research, Policy and Practice
Volume 23, 2012 - Issue 3
640
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Consequences of omitting the classroom in multilevel models of schooling: an illustration using opportunity to learn and reading achievement

Pages 305-326 | Received 13 Dec 2010, Accepted 11 Jan 2012, Published online: 16 May 2012

References

  • Beaton , A.L. and O'Dwyer , L.M. 2002 . “ Separating school, classroom, and student variances and their relationship to socio-economic status ” . In Secondary analysis of the TIMSS data , Edited by: Robitaille , D.F. and Robitaille , B.A.E. 211 – 231 . Boston , MA : Kluwer .
  • Bryk , A.S. and Raudenbush , S.W. 2002 . Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods , (2nd ed.) , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Burstein , L. 1980 . “ The analysis of multilevel data in educational research and evaluation ” . In Review of research in education , Edited by: Berliner , D. 158 – 233 . Washington , DC : American Educational Research Association .
  • Carroll , J.B. 1963 . A model of school learning . Teachers College Record , 64 : 723 – 733 .
  • Coleman , J.S. , Campbell , E. , Hobson , C. , McPartland , J. , Mood , A. , Weinfeld , F.D. and York , R. 1966 . Equality of educational opportunity , Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • Cooley , W. and Leinhardt , G. 1980 . The instructional dimensions study . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 2 : 7 – 25 .
  • Creemers , B.P.M. 1994 . The effective classroom , New York , NY : Cassell .
  • Creemers , B.P.M. and De Jong , R. 2001 . Explaining differences in student outcomes . Journal of Classroom Interactions , 37 ( 2 ) : 16 – 27 .
  • Creemers , B.P.M. and Kyriakides , L. 2008 . The dynamics of educational effectiveness: A contribution to policy, practice and theory in contemporary schools , Abingdon , , UK : Routledge .
  • Creemers , B.P.M. , Kyriakides , L. and Sammons , P. 2010 . Methodological advances in education effectiveness research , New York , NY : Routledge .
  • De Fraine , B. , Van Damme , J. , Van Landeghem , G. and Opdenakker , M.-C. 2003 . The effect of schools and classes on language achievement . British Educational Research Journal , 29 : 841 – 859 .
  • Dunkin , M.J. and Biddle , B.J. 1974 . The study of teaching , New York , NY : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Floden , R.E. 2002 . “ Measuring opportunity to learn ” . In Methodological advances in cross-national surveys of educational achievement , Edited by: Porter , A.C. and Gamoran , A. 231 – 266 . Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
  • Gamoran , A. 1991 . “ Schooling and achievement: Additive versus interactive models ” . In Schools, classrooms, and pupils: International studies of schooling from a multilevel perspective , Edited by: Willms , J.D. and Raudenbush , S.W. 37 – 51 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
  • Goldstein , H. 1997 . Methods in school effectiveness research . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 8 : 369 – 395 .
  • Herman , J.L. , Klein , D.C.D. and Abedi , J. 2000 . Assessing student's opportunity to learn: Teacher and student perspectives . Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice , 19 ( 4 ) : 16 – 24 .
  • Hill , P.W. and Rowe , R.K. 1996 . Multilevel modeling in school effectiveness research . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 7 : 1 – 34 .
  • Hutchinson , D. and Healy , M. 2001 . The effect on variance component estimates of ignoring a level in a multilevel model . Multilevel Modeling Newsletter , 13 ( 2 ) : 4 – 5 .
  • Kyriakides , L. , Campbell , R.J. and Gagatsis , A. 2000 . The significance of the classroom effect in primary schools: An application of Creemers’ comprehensive model of educational effectiveness . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 11 : 501 – 529 .
  • Kyriakides , L. and Creemers , B.P.M. 2008 . Using a multidimensional approach to measure the impact of classroom-level factors upon student achievement: A study testing the validity of the dynamic model . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 19 : 183 – 205 .
  • Lundberg , I. 1994 . “ The teaching of reading ” . In The IEA study of reading literacy: Achievement and instruction in thirty-two school systems , Edited by: Elley , W.B. 149 – 192 . Oxford , , UK : Pergamon .
  • Martínez , J.F. and Goldschmidt , P. Comparing student and teacher reports on opportunity to learn and their relationship to student achievement: A multilevel analysis approach . Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association . April .
  • Moerbeek , M. 2004 . The consequence of ignoring a level of nesting in multilevel analysis . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 : 127 – 149 .
  • Muthén , B. 1991 . Multilevel factor analysis of class and student achievement components . Journal of Educational Measurement , 28 : 338 – 354 .
  • Muthén , B. , Huang , L.C. , Jo , B. , Khoo , S.T. , Nelson Goff , G. , Novak , J. and Shih , J. 1995 . Opportunity-to-learn effects on achievement: Analytical aspects . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 17 : 371 – 403 .
  • Muthén , L. and Muthén , B. 1998 . Mplus user's guide , Los Angeles , CA : Authors .
  • Nye , B. , Konstantopoulos , S. and Hedges , L.V. 2004 . How large are teacher effects? . Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 26 : 237 – 257 .
  • Opdenakker , M.-C. and Van Damme , J. 2000a . The importance of identifying levels in multilevel analysis: The effects of ignoring the top or intermediate levels in school effectiveness research . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 11 : 103 – 130 .
  • Opdenakker , M.-C. and Van Damme , J. 2000b . Effects of schools, teaching staff and classes on achievement and wellbeing in secondary education: Similarities and differences between school outcomes . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 11 : 165 – 196 .
  • Opdenakker , M.-C. and Van Damme , J. 2006 . Differences between secondary schools: A study about school context, group composition, school practice, and school effects with special attention to public and Catholic schools and types of schools . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 17 : 87 – 117 .
  • Pearson Assessment . 1996 . Stanford Achievement Test Series, Ninth Edition – Complete Battery (Kindergarten through grade 13) Retrieved from http://www.pearsonassessments.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en-us/Productdetail.htm?Pid=E132C
  • Reynolds , D. , Sammons , P. , De Fraine , B. , Townsend , T. and Van Damme , J. Educational effectiveness research (EER): A state of the art review . Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement . January .
  • Rowan , B. , Correnti , R. and Miller , R.J. 2002 . What large-scale survey research tells us about teacher effects on student achievement: Insights from the prospects study of elementary schools , Philadelphia , PA : Consortium for Policy Research in Education .
  • Rowe , K.J. , Hill , P.W. and Holmes-Smith , P. 1995 . methodological issues in educational performance and school effectiveness research: A discussion with worked examples . Australian journal of Education , 39 : 217 – 248 .
  • Scheerens , J. 1992 . Effective schooling: Research, theory and practice , New York , NY : Cassell .
  • Scheerens , J. and Creemers , B.P.M. 1989 . Conceptualizing school effectiveness . International Journal of Educational Research , 7 : 691 – 706 .
  • Smith , M.S. 1972 . “ Equality of educational opportunity: The basic findings reconsidered ” . In On equality of educational opportunity , Edited by: Mosteller , F. and Moynihan , D.P. 230 – 342 . New York , NY : Vintage Books .
  • Snijders , T.A.B. and Bosker , R. 1999 . Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Teddlie , C. 1994 . “ The integration of classroom and school process data in school effectiveness research ” . In Advances in school effectiveness research and practice , Edited by: Reynolds , D. , Creemers , B.P.M. , Nesselrodt , P.S. , Schaffer , E.C. , Stringfield , S. and Teddlie , C. 189 – 205 . Oxford , , UK : Elsevier .
  • Thorndike , E.L. 1939 . On the fallacy of imputing the correlations found for groups to the individuals or smaller groups composing them . American Journal of Psychology , 52 : 122 – 124 .
  • Van den Noortgate , W. , Opdenakker , M.-C. and Onghena , P. 2005 . The effects of ignoring a level in multilevel analysis . School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 16 : 281 – 303 .
  • Van Landeghem , G. , De Fraine , B. and Van Damme , J. 2005 . The consequence of ignoring a level of nesting in multilevel analysis: A comment . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 40 : 423 – 434 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.