References
- *Abdulkadiroglu, A., Pathak, P. A., & Walters, C. R. (2015). School vouchers and student achievement: First-year evidence from the Louisiana Scholarship Program (NBER Working Paper No. 21839). National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Allegretto, S. A., & Tojerow, I. (2014, September). Teacher staffing and pay differences: Public and private schools. Monthly Labor Review. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2014.33
- Anderson, K. P., & Wolf, P. J. (2017). Does method matter? Assessing the correspondence between experimental and nonexperimental results from a school voucher program evaluation (EDRE Working Paper No. 2017-10). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2952967
- Anderson, M. R., Guzman, T., & Ringquist, E. J. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of educational vouchers. In E. J. Ringquist (Ed.), Meta-analysis for public management and policy (pp. 311–351). Jossey-Bass.
- *Angrist, J., Bettinger, E., Bloom, E., King, E., & Kremer, M. (2002). Vouchers for private schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1535–1558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024629
- *Angrist, J., Bettinger, E., & Kremer, M. (2006). Long-term educational consequences of secondary school vouchers: Evidence from administrative records in Colombia. American Economic Review, 96(3), 847–862. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.847
- Azam, M., Chin, A., & Prakash, N. (2013). The returns to English-language skills in India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(2), 335–367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/668277
- *Barnard, J., Frangakis, C. E., Hill, J. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2003). Principal stratification approach to broken randomized experiments: A case study of school choice vouchers in New York City. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 98(462), 299–323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1198/016214503000071
- Barrera-Osorio, F., de Galbert, P., Habyarimana, J., & Sabarwal, S. (2020). The impact of public-private partnerships on private school performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Uganda. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 68(2), 429–469. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/701229
- Baum, D., Lewis, L., Lusk-Stover, O., & Patrinos, H. (2014). What matters most for engaging the private sector in education: A framework paper. The World Bank.
- Bettinger, E., & Slonim, R. (2003). The effect of educational vouchers on academic and non-academic outcomes: Using experimental economic methods to study a randomized natural experiment. Mimeo, Case Western Reserve University.
- *Bettinger, E., & Slonim, R. (2006). Using experimental economics to measure the effects of a natural educational experiment on altruism. Journal of Public Economics, 90(8–9), 1625–1648. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.10.006
- Betts, J. R., Tang, Y. E., & Zau, A. C. (2010). Madness in the method? A critical analysis of popular methods of estimating the effect of charter schools on student achievement. In J. R. Betts & P. T. Hill (Eds.), Taking measure of charter schools: Better assessments, better policy making, better schools (pp. 15–32). Rowman & Littlefield Education.
- Bifulco, R. (2012). Can nonexperimental estimates replicate estimates based on random assignment in evaluations of school choice? A within-study comparison. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31(3), 729–751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20637
- *Bitler, M., Domina, T., Penner, E., & Hoynes, H. (2015). Distributional analysis in educational evaluation: A case study from the New York City voucher program. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 8(3), 419–450. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2014.921259
- Bloom, H. S. (1984). Accounting for no-shows in experimental evaluation designs. Evaluation Review, 8(2), 225–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X8400800205
- Bold, T., Kimenyi, M., Mwabu, G., & Sandefur, J. (2013). The high return to private schooling in a low-income country (Africa Growth Initiative Working Paper No. 5). The Brookings Institution.
- Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., & Rothstein, H. (2007). Meta-analysis fixed effect vs. random effects. https://www.meta-analysis.com/downloads/Meta-analysis%20fixed%20effect%20vs%20random%20effects.pdf
- Butcher, J., & Burke, L. M. (2016). The education debit card II: What Arizona parents purchase with education savings accounts. Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice. https://www.edchoice.org/research/the-education-debit-card-ii/
- Carnoy, M., Adamson, F., Chudgar, A., Luschei, T. F., & Witte, J. F. (2007). Vouchers and public school performance: A case study of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program. Economic Policy Institute.
- Chakrabarti, R. (2008). Can increasing private school participation and monetary loss in a voucher program affect public school performance? Evidence from Milwaukee. Journal of Public Economics, 92(5–6), 1371–1393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.06.009
- Chaudhury, N., Hammer, J., Kremer, M., Muralidharan, K., & Rogers, F. H. (2006). Missing in action: Teacher and health worker absence in developing countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 91–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526058
- Coulson, A. J. (2009). Comparing public, private, and market schools: The international evidence. Journal of School Choice, 3(1), 31–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15582150902805016
- *Cowen, J. M. (2008). School choice as a latent variable: Estimating the “complier average causal effect” of vouchers in Charlotte. Policy Studies Journal, 36(2), 301–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00268.x
- Crawfurd, L., Patel, D., & Sandefur, J. (2019, March 6–9). Low returns to low-cost private schools: Experimental evidence from Delhi [Paper presentation]. Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) Spring 2019 Conference, Washington, DC, United States.
- Das, J., Dercon, S., Habyarimana, J., Krishnan, P., Muralidharan, K., & Sundararaman, V. (2013). School inputs, household substitution, and test scores. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(2), 29–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.2.29
- Davies, E. (2019). Absence: Electoral cycles and teacher absenteeism in India (Paper prepared for the Accelerator Workshop on Interest Groups and Education Policy at the Radcliffe Institute). http://www.emmerichdavies.com/files/Davies,%20Emmerich%20-%20Absence.pdf
- DeAngelis, C. A., Burke, L. M., & Wolf, P. J. (2019). The effects of regulations on private school choice program participation: Experimental evidence from Florida. Social Science Quarterly, 100(6), 2316–2336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12689
- DeAngelis, C. A., Burke, L. M., & Wolf, P. J. (2020). When being regulated is a choice: The impact of government policies on private school participation in voucher programs. Journal of School Choice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2020.1783476
- DeAngelis, C. A., & Erickson, H. H. (2018). What leads to successful school choice programs: A review of the theories and evidence. Cato Journal, 38(1), 247–263.
- DeAngelis, C. A., Wolf, P. J., Maloney, L. D., & May, J. F. (2020, November). Charter school funding: Inequity surges in the cities. School Choice Demonstration Project, University of Arkansas. https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/wordpressua.uark.edu/dist/9/544/files/2018/10/charter-school-funding-inequity-surges-in-the-city.pdf
- Dixon, P. (2013). International aid and private schools for the poor: Smiles, miracles and markets. Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Dixon, P., Egalite, A. J., Humble, S., & Wolf, P. J. (2019). Experimental results from a four-year targeted education voucher program in the slums of Delhi, India. World Development, 124, Article 104644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104644
- Doolittle, F., & Connors, W. (2001). Designing education voucher experiments: Recommendations for researchers, funders, and users. In H. M. Levin (Ed.), Privatizing education: Can the marketplace deliver choice, efficiency, equity, and social cohesion? (pp. 318–360). Westview Press.
- *Dynarski, M., Rui, N., Webber, A., Gutmann, B., & Bachman, M. (2017). Evaluation of the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program: Impacts after one year (NCEE 2017-4022). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- *Dynarski, M., Rui, N., Webber, A., Gutmann, B., & Bachman, M. (2018). Evaluation of the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program: Impacts two years after students applied (NCEE 2018-4010). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- EdChoice. (2017). The ABCs of school choice: The comprehensive guide to every private school choice program in America.
- Egalite, A. J. (2014). Competitive impacts of means-tested vouchers on public school performance: Evidence from Louisiana and Indiana (PEPG Working Paper No.14-05). Harvard University.
- Egalite, A. J., & Mills, J. N. (2021). Competitive impacts of means-tested vouchers on public school performance: Evidence from Louisiana. Education Finance and Policy, 16(1), 66–91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00286
- Egalite, A. J., & Wolf, P. J. (2016). A review of the empirical research on private school choice. Peabody Journal of Education, 91(4), 441–454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2016.1207436
- Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal, 315(7109), 629–634. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
- Elacqua, G. (2012). The impact of school choice and public policy on segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development, 32(3), 444–453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.08.003
- Epple, D., Romano, R. E., & Urquiola, M. (2017). School vouchers: A survey of the economics literature. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(2), 441–492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20150679
- Figlio, D., & Karbownik, K. (2016). Evaluation of Ohio’s EdChoice Scholarship Program: Selection, competition, and performance effects. Thomas B. Fordham Institute.
- Fisher, Z., & Tipton, E. (2015). Robumeta: An R-package for robust variance estimation in meta-analysis. https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02220
- Fleming, D. J., Cowen, J. M., Witte, J. F., & Wolf, P. J. (2015). Similar students, different choices: Who uses a school voucher in an otherwise similar population of students? Education and Urban Society, 47(7), 785–812. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124513511268
- Forster, G. (2011). A win-win solution: The empirical evidence on school vouchers (2nd ed.). The Foundation for Educational Choice.
- Forster, G. (2013). A win-win solution: The empirical evidence on school choice (3rd ed.). The Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice.
- Forster, G. (2016). A win-win solution: The empirical evidence on school choice (4th ed.). Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice.
- Fortson, K., Verbitsky-Savitz, N., Kopa, E., Gleason, P. (2012). Using an experimental evaluation of charter schools to test whether nonexperimental comparison group methods can replicate experimental impact estimates (NCEE 2012-4019). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- Fryer, R. G., Jr. (2017). The production of human capital in developed countries: Evidence from 196 randomized field experiments. In A. V. Banerjee & E. Duflo (Eds.), Handbook of economic field experiments (Vol. 2, pp. 95–322). North-Holland.
- Gjelten, T. (2020, July 30). The closure of Catholic schools is “devastating,” advocates say [Radio broadcast]. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2020/07/30/896850188/the-closure-of-catholic-schools-is-devastating-advocates-say
- Glenn, C. L. (1989). Choice of schools in six nations: France, Netherlands, Belgium, Britain, Canada, West Germany. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Programs for the Improvement of Practice.
- Glenn, C. L., De Groof, J., & Candal, C. S. (Eds.). (2012). Balancing freedom, autonomy and accountability in education (Vols. 1–4). Wolf Legal Publishers.
- Glennerster, R. (2017). The practicalities of running randomized evaluations: Partnerships, measurement, ethics, and transparency. In A. V. Banerjee & E. Duflo (Eds.), Handbook of economic field experiments (Vol. 1, pp. 175–243). North-Holland.
- Glewwe, P., & Muralidharan, K. (2016). Improving education outcomes in developing countries: Evidence, knowledge gaps, and policy implications. In E. A. Hanushek, S. J. Machin, & L. Woessmann (Eds.), Handbook of the economics of education (Vol. 5, pp. 653–743). North-Holland.
- Government of Delhi. (2017). Economic survey of Delhi, 2016-2017. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/15375/publisher/government-of-nct-of-delhi/
- *Greene, J. P. (2000). The effect of school choice: An evaluation of the Charlotte Children’s Scholarship Fund program (Civic Report No. 12). Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
- Greene, J. P., & Forster, G. (2002). Rising to the challenge: The effect of school choice on public schools in Milwaukee and San Antonio. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
- *Greene, J. P., Peterson, P. E., & Du, J. (1999). Effectiveness of school choice: The Milwaukee experiment. Education and Urban Society, 31(2), 190–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124599031002005
- Greene, J. P., & Winters, M., A. (2007). An evaluation of the effect of DC’s voucher program on public school achievement and racial integration after one year. Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, 11(1), 83–101.
- Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., & Rivkin, S. G. (2004). Disruption versus Tiebout improvement: The costs and benefits of switching schools. Journal of Public Economics, 88(9–10), 1721–1746. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(03)00063-X
- Heckman, J. J. (1996). Randomization as an instrumental variable. Review of Economics and Statistics, 78(2), 336–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2109936
- Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press.
- Hedges, L. V., Tipton, E., & Johnson, M. C. (2010). Robust variance estimation in meta-regression with dependent effect size estimates. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(1), 39–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.5
- Heyneman, S. P., & Loxley, W. A. (1983). The effect of primary-school quality on academic achievement across twenty-nine high- and low-income countries. American Journal of Sociology, 88(6), 1162–1194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/227799
- Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (Eds.). (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 5.1.0) [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration.
- Howell, W. G., & Peterson, P. E. (2006). The education gap: Vouchers and urban schools (Rev. ed.). Brookings Institution Press.
- Howell, W. G., Wolf, P. J., Campbell, D. E., & Peterson, P. E. (2002). School vouchers and academic performance: Results from three randomized field trials. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(2), 191–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10023
- Hoxby, C., M. (2003). School choice and school productivity: Could school choice be a tide that lifts all boats? In C. M. Hoxby (Ed.), The economics of school choice (pp. 287–342). The University of Chicago Press.
- Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage.
- Jabbar, H., Fong, C. J., Germain, E., Li, D., Sanchez, J., Sun, W.-L., & Devall, M. (2019). The competitive effects of school choice on student achievement: A systematic review. Educational Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904819874756
- *Jin, H., Barnard, J., & Rubin, D. B. (2010). A modified general location model for noncompliance with missing data: Revisiting the New York City School Choice Scholarship Program using principal stratification. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 35(2), 154–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/1076998609346968
- Johnes, G., & Virmani, S. (2020). The efficiency of private and public schools in urban and rural areas: Moving beyond the development goals. International Transactions in Operational Research, 27(4), 1869–1885. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.12658
- Kisida, B., Jensen, L., Rahn, J. C., & Wolf, P. J. (2008, February). The Milwaukee Parental Choice Program: Baseline descriptive report on participating schools (SCDP Milwaukee Evaluation Report No. 3). School Choice Demonstration Project, University of Arkansas. http://www.uaedreform.org/downloads/2008/02/report-3-the-milwaukee-parental-choice-program-baseline-descriptive-report-on-participating-schools.pdf
- Kremer, M., Chaudhury, N., Rogers, F. H., Muralidharan, K., & Hammer, J. (2005). Teacher absence in India: A snapshot. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3(2–3), 658–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.658
- *Krueger, A. B., & Zhu, P. (2004). Another look at the New York City school voucher experiment. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(5), 658–698. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260152
- Lee, D. S. (2009). Training, wages, and sample selection: Estimating sharp bounds on treatment effects. The Review of Economic Studies, 76(3), 1071–1102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00536.x
- Lee, M. H., Mills, J. N., & Wolf, P. J. (2020). Heterogeneous achievement impacts across schools in the Louisiana Scholarship Program. Journal of School Choice, 14(2), 228–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2020.1756719
- Lipsey, M. W., Puzio, K., Yun, C., Hebert, M. A., Steinka-Fry, K., Cole, M. W., Roberts, M., Anthony, K. S., & Busick, M. D. (2012). Translating the statistical representation of the effects of education interventions into more readily interpretable forms (NCSER 2013-3000). National Center for Special Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- Lubienski, C., & Brewer, T. J. (2016). An analysis of voucher advocacy: Taking a closer look at the uses and limitations of “gold standard” research. Peabody Journal of Education, 91(4), 455–472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2016.1207438
- Lubienski, C., & Weitzel, P. (2008). The effects of vouchers and private schools in improving academic achievement: A critique of advocacy research. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2008(2), 447–485.
- McEwan, P. J. (2000). The potential impact of large-scale voucher programs. Review of Educational Research, 70(2), 103–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070002103
- Mills, J. N., & Wolf, P. J. (2016). The effects of the Louisiana Scholarship Program on student achievement after two years. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2738805
- *Mills, J. N., & Wolf, P. J. (2017). The effects of the Louisiana Scholarship Program on student achievement after three years (Louisiana Scholarship Program Evaluation Report No. 7). Education Research Alliance for New Orleans & School Choice Demonstration Project, Department of Education Reform, University of Arkansas.
- Mills, J. N., & Wolf, P. J. (2019). The effects of the Louisiana scholarship program on student achievement after four years (EDRE Working Paper No. 2019-10; Louisiana Scholarship Program Evaluation Report No. 10). School Choice Demonstration Project, University of Arkansas.. doi:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3376230
- Miron, G., Evergreen, S., Urschel, J. (2008). The impact of school choice reforms on student achievement. The Great Lakes Center for Education Research and Practice.
- Mitra, S., Tooley, J., Inamdar, P., & Dixon, P. (2003). Improving English pronunciation: An automated instructional approach. Information Technologies and International Development, 1(1), 75–84.
- Mizala, A., & Romaguera, P. (2000). School performance and choice: The Chilean experience. The Journal of Human Resources, 35(2), 392–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/146331
- Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), Article e1000097. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
- Morgan, C., Petrosino, A., & Fronius, T. (2015). The impact of school vouchers in developing countries: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 72, 70–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2015.04.010
- Mosteller, F., & Boruch, R. (Eds.). (2002). Evidence matters: Randomized trials in education research. Brookings Institution Press.
- Muralidharan, K., Das, J., Holla, A., & Mohpal, A. (2017). The fiscal cost of weak governance: Evidence from teacher absence in India. Journal of Public Economics, 145, 116–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.005
- Muralidharan, K., & Niehaus, P. (2017). Experimentation at scale. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(4), 103–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.4.103
- *Muralidharan, K., & Sundararaman, V. (2015). The aggregate effect of school choice evidence from a two-stage experiment in India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(3), 1011–1066. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv013
- Murnane, R. J. (2005). The role of markets in American K–12 education. In R. R. Nelson (Ed.), The limits of market organization (pp. 161–184). Russell Sage Foundation.
- National Center for Education Statistics. (2019a). Table 205.50: Private elementary and secondary enrollment, number of schools, and average tuition, by school level, orientation, and tuition: Selected years, 1999-2000 through 2011-12. Digest of Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_205.50.asp
- National Center for Education Statistics. (2019b). Table 236.55: Total and current expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2016-17. Digest of Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_236.55.asp
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). Education at a glance 2013: OECD indicators. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-en
- Orwin, R. G. (1983). A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics, 8(2), 157–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1164923
- Peterson, P. E., & Howell, W. G. (2004). Efficiency, bias, and classification schemes: A response to Alan B. Krueger and Pei Zhu. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(5), 699–717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260158
- *Peterson, P. E., Howell, W. G., Wolf, P. J., & Campbell, D. E. (2003). School vouchers: Results from randomized experiments. In C. M. Hoxby (Ed.), The economics of school choice (pp. 107–144). The University of Chicago Press.
- Pirog, M. A., Buffardi, A. L., Chrisinger, C. K., Singh, P., & Briney, J. (2009). Are alternatives to randomized assignment nearly as good? Statistical corrections to nonrandomized evaluations. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 28(1), 169–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20411
- PROBE Team. (1999). Public report on basic education in India. Oxford University Press.
- Ravitch, D. (2014). Reign of error: The hoax of the privatization movement and the danger to America’s public schools. Vintage Books.
- Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638–641. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
- Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A systematic approach (7th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- *Rouse, C. E. (1998). Private school vouchers and student achievement: An evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 553–602. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/003355398555685
- Rouse, C. E., & Barrow, L. (2009). School vouchers and student achievement: Recent evidence and remaining questions. Annual Review of Economics, 1, 17–42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143354
- Sen, R., & Blatchford, P. (2001). Reading in a second language: Factors associated with progress in young children. Educational Psychology, 21(2), 189–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410020043887
- Sude, Y., DeAngelis, C. A., & Wolf, P. J. (2018). Supplying choice: An analysis of school participation decisions in voucher programs in Washington, DC, Indiana, and Louisiana. Journal of School Choice, 12(1), 8–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2017.1345232
- Tanner-Smith, E. E., & Tipton, E. (2014). Robust variance estimation with dependent effect sizes: Practical considerations including a software tutorial in Stata and SPSS. Research Synthesis Methods, 5(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1091
- Tipton, E. (2015). Small sample adjustments for robust variance estimation with meta-regression. Psychological Methods, 20(3), 375–393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000011
- Tooley, J. (2009). The beautiful tree: A personal journey into how the world's poorest people are educating themselves. Cato Institute.
- Tooley, J., Bao, Y., Dixon, P., & Merrifield, J. (2011). School choice and academic performance: Some evidence from developing countries. Journal of School Choice, 5(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2011.548234
- Tooley, J., & Dixon, P. (2003). Private schools for the poor: A case study from India. CfBT.
- Transparency International. (2013). Global corruption report: Education. https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/2013_GCR_Education_EN.pdf
- Usher, A., & Kober, N. (2011). Keeping informed about school vouchers: A review of major developments and research. Center on Education Policy.
- Webber, A., Rui, N., Garrison-Mogren, R., Olsen, R. B., & Gutmann, B. (2019). Evaluation of the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program: Impacts three years after students applied (NCEE 2019-4006). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- Witte, J. F. (2000). The market approach to education: An analysis of America’s first voucher program. Princeton University Press.
- Witte, J. F., Wolf, P. J., Cowen, J. M., Carlson, D. E., & Fleming, D. J. (2014). High-stakes choice: Achievement and accountability in the nation’s oldest urban voucher program. Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 36(4), 437–456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373714534521
- Wolf, P. J. (2007). Civics exam: Schools of choice boost civic values. Education Next, 7(3), 66–72.
- Wolf, P. J. (2008a). School voucher programs: What the research says about parental school choice. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2008(2), 415–446.
- Wolf, P. J. (2008b). Vouchers. In G. McCulloch & D. Crook (Eds.), The Routledge international encyclopedia of education (pp. 635–636). Routledge.
- Wolf, P. J. (2020, July 1). Private school choice programs: What do we know about their effects on outcomes for disadvantaged students? (A background paper for the Hoover Education Success Initiative). https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/wolf_webreadypdf.pdf
- Wolf, P. J., & Egalite, A. J. (2017). The case for school vouchers. In R. A. Fox & N. K. Buchanan (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of school choice (pp. 287–303). Wiley Blackwell.
- *Wolf, P. J., Egalite, A. J., & Dixon, P. (2015). Private school choice in developing countries: Experimental results from Delhi, India. In P. Dixon, S. Humble, & C. Counihan (Eds.), Handbook of international development and education (pp. 456–471). Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Wolf, P., Gutmann, B., Puma, M., Kisida, B., Rizzo, L., Eissa, N., & Carr, M. (2010). Evaluation of the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program: Final report (NCEE 2010-4018). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
- Wolf, P., Gutmann, B., Puma, M., Rizzo, L., Eissa, N., & Silverberg, M. (2007). Evaluation of the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program: Impacts after one year (NCEE 2007-4009). National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education.
- *Wolf, P. J., Kisida, B., Gutmann, B., Puma, M., Eissa, N., & Rizzo, L. (2013). School vouchers and student outcomes: Experimental evidence from Washington, DC. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(2), 246–270. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21691
- Wolf, P. J., & Macedo, S. (Eds.). (with Ferrero, D. J., & Vengoni, C.). (2004). Educating citizens: International perspectives on civic values and school choice. Brookings Institution Press.
- Wolf, P. J., & McShane, M. (2013). Is the juice worth the squeeze? A benefit/cost analysis of the District of Columbia opportunity scholarship program. Education Finance and Policy, 8(1), 74–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1162/EDFP_a_00083