Writing‐to‐learn Strategies in Secondary School Cell Biology: A mixed method study

References

• Ackerman , J. M. 1993 . The promise of writing to learn . Written Communication , 10 (3) : 334 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Applebee , A. N. 1984 . Writing and reasoning . Review of Educational Research , 54 : 577 – 596 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bereiter , C. and Scardamalia , M. 1987 . The psychology of written communication , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum and Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , O. L. 2001 . Calibrated Peer Review™: A writing and critical thinking instructional tool The White Paper: A description of CPR, University of California. Retrieved March 10, 2005, from: http://cpr.molsci.ucla.edu/
   Google Scholar
• College Board, The . 1993 . The College Board Advanced Placement Examination for Biology, Section II, Question 1 (c) 1993 by Educational Testing Service All rights reserved. Princeton, N. J. 08541. www.collegeboard.com
   Google Scholar
• Dixon‐Krauss , L. 1996 . “ Vygotsky’s sociohistorical perspective on learning and its application to western literacy instruction ” . In Vygotsky in the classroom: Mediated literacy instruction and assessment , Edited by: Dixon‐Krauss , L. 7 – 24 . White Plains, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Duschl , R. and Ellenbogen , K. Argumentation processes in learning science . Paper presented at the international conference on Ontological, Epistemological, Linguistic and Pedagogical Considerations of Language and Science Literacy: Empowering Research and Informing Instruction . Victoria, B.C., Canada. September .
   Google Scholar
• EXAMgen . 1996–1998 . Biology A and B database , Syracuse, NY : Examgen Incorporated . (version 4)
   Google Scholar
• Fellows , N. 1994 . A window into thinking: Using student writing to understand conceptual change in science learning . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 31 (9) : 985 – 1001 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenbowe , T. and Hand , B. 2005 . “ Introduction to the Science Writing Heuristic ” . In Chemist guide to effective teaching , Edited by: Pienta , N. J. , Cooper , M. and Greenbowe , T. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Grimberg , I. , Omar , S. , Gunel , M. and Hand , B. Teachers’ effect on the impact of writing as a learning tool . Paper presented at the international conference of the Association for Educators of Teachers of Science . St Louis, MO. January–February .
   Google Scholar
• Gunel , M. , Akkus , R. , Hohenshell , L. and Hand , B. Improving student performance on higher order cognitive questions through the use of the Science Writing Heuristic . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching . Vancouver, B.C, Canada. April .
   Google Scholar
• Gunel , M. , Omar , S. , Grimberg , I. and Hand , B. Student perceptions in using the Science Writing Heuristic . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching . Philadelphia, PA. March .
   Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. A. K. and Martin , J. R. 1993 . Writing science: Literacy and discursive power , Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hand , B. , Hohenshell , L. and Prain , V. 2004 . Exploring students’ responses to conceptual questions when engaged with planned writing experiences: A study with year 10 science students . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 41 (2) : 186 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Hand , B. and Keys , C. 1999 . Inquiry investigation: A new approach to laboratory reports . The Science Teacher , 66 (4) : 27 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Hand , B. , Prain , V. , Lawrence , C. and Yore , L. D. 1999 . A writing in science framework designed to enhance science literacy . International Journal of Science Education , 21 (10) : 1021 – 1035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand , B. , Prain , V. and Wallace , C. 2002 . Influences of writing tasks on students’ answers to recall and higher‐level test questions . Research in Science Education , 32 : 19 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Hand , B. , Wallace , C. and Yang , E.‐M. 2004 . Using a science writing heuristic to enhance learning outcomes from laboratory activities in seventh‐grade science: Quantitative and qualitative aspects . International Journal of Science Education , 26 (2) : 131 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Hohenshell , L. M. 2004 . Enhancing science literacy through implementation of writing‐to‐learn strategies: Exploratory studies in high school biology , Ames : Iowa State University . Dissertation (Ch. 4)
   Google Scholar
• Holliday , W. G. , Yore , L. D. and Alvermann , D. E. 1994 . The reading–science learning–writing connection: Breakthroughs, barriers, and promises . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 31 (9) : 877 – 893 .
   Google Scholar
• Keys , C. W. 1994 . The development of scientific reasoning skills in conjunction with collaborative writing assignments: An interpretive study of six ninth‐grade students . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 31 (9) : 1003 – 1022 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys , C. W. 1999a . Revitalizing instruction in scientific genres: Connecting knowledge production with writing to learn in science . Science Education , 83 : 115 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys , C. W. 1999b . Language as an indicator of meaning generation: An analysis of middle school students’ written discourse about scientific investigations . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 36 (9) : 1044 – 1061 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys , C. W. 2000 . Investigating the thinking processes of eighth grade writers during the composition of a scientific laboratory report . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 37 (7) : 676 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys , C. W. , Hand , B. , Prain , V. and Collins , S. 1999 . Using the science writing heuristic as a tool for learning from laboratory investigations in secondary science . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 36 (10) : 1065 – 1084 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , P. D. 1999 . Reopening inquiry into cognitive processes in writing‐to‐learn . Educational Psychology Review , 11 (3) : 203 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , D. 1993 . Science as argument: Implications for teaching and learning scientific thinking . Science Education , 77 (3) : 319 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke , J. L. 1990 . Talking science: Language, learning, and values , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln , Y. S. and Guba , E. G. 1985 . Naturalistic inquiry , Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Mason , L. 1998 . Sharing cognition to construct scientific knowledge in school context: The role of oral and written discourse . Instructional Science , 26 : 359 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullis , I. V. S. and Jenkins , L. B. 1988 . The science report card: Elements of risk and recovery. Trends and achievement based on the 1986 national assessment (National Assessment of Educational Progress) , Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 1996 . National science education standards , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pelaez , N. J. 2002 . Problem‐based writing with peer review improves academic performance in physiology . Advances in Physiology Education , 26 (3) : 174 – 184 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivard , L. P. 1994 . A review of writing to learn in science: Implications for practice and research . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 31 (9) : 969 – 983 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivard , L. P. and Straw , S. B. 2000 . The effect of talk and writing on learning science: An exploratory study . Science Education , 84 : 566 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , W.‐M. and Roychoudhury , A. 1992 . The social construction of scientific concepts or the concept map as conscription device and tool for social thinking in high school science . Science Education , 76 (5) : 531 – 557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowell , P. M. 1997 . Learning in school science: The promises and practices of writing . Studies in Science Education , 30 : 19 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Rudd , J. A , Greenbowe , T. J. and Hand , B. 2001 . Recrafting the general chemistry laboratory report: The science writing heuristic—producing a better understanding of chemistry . Journal of College Science Teaching , 31 : 230 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , (2nd ed.) , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , C. and Narayan , R. Acquiring the social language of science: Building science language identities through inquiry‐based investigations . Paper presented at the international conference Ontological, Epistemological, Linguistic and Pedagogical Considerations of Language and Science Literacy: Empowering Research and Informing Instruction . Victoria, B.C, Canada. September .
   Google Scholar
• Wellington , J. and Osborne , J. 2001 . Language and literacy in science education , Philadelphia, PA : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yore , L. D. , Bisanz , G. L. and Hand , B. M. 2003 . Examining the literacy component of science literacy: 25 years of language and science research . International Journal of Science Education , 25 (6) : 689 – 725 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yore , L. D. and Shymansky , J. A. 1991 . Reading in science: Developing an operational conception to guide instruction . Journal of Science Teacher Education , 2 (2) : 29 – 36 .
   Google Scholar