What’s in a word? On the use of metaphors to describe the careers of women academics

References

• Acker, Joan. 1992. “Gendering Organizational Theory.” In Classics of Organization Theory, edited by Jay M. Shafritz, Steven J. Ott, and Yong Suk Jang, 420–428. 8th ed. Andover: Cengage.
   Google Scholar
• Acker, Sandra, and Jo-Anne Dillabough. 2007. “Women ‘Learning to Labour’ in the ‘Male Emporium’: Exploring Gendered Work in Teachers’ Education.” Gender and Education 19 (3): 297–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, Margaret, and Tanya Castleman. 2001. Fighting the Pipeline Fallacy. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alper, Joe, and Ann Gibbons. 1993. “The Pipeline Is Leaking Women All the Way Along.” Science 260 (5106): 409–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amery, Fran, Stephen Bates, Laura Jenkins, and Heather Savigny. 2015. “Metaphors on Women in Academia: A Review of the Literature, 2004–2013.” In At the Center: Feminism, Social Science and Knowledge, edited by Vasilikie Demos and Marcia Texler Segal, 245–267. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Bain, Olga, and William Cummings. 2000. “Academe’s Glass Ceiling: Societal, Professional-Organizational, and Institutional Barriers to the Career Advancement of Academic Women.” Comparative Education Review 44 (4): 493–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendl, Regine, and Angelika Schmidt. 2010. “From ‘Glass Ceilings’ to ‘Firewalls’ – Different Metaphors for Describing Discrimination.” Gender, Work and Organization 17 (5): 612–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benschop, Yvonne, and Margo Brouns. 2009. “The Trouble with the Glass Ceiling: Critical Reflections on a Famous Concept.” In Critical Management Studies at Work: Negotiating Tensions between Theory and Practice, edited by Julie Wofram Cox, Tony G. LeTrent-Jones, Maxim Voronov, and David Weir, 259–270. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Bruckmüller, Susanne, Michelle K. Ryan, S. Alexander Haslam, and Kim Peters. 2013. “Ceilings, Cliffs, and Labyrinths: Exploring Metaphors for Workplace Gender Discrimination.” In The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology, edited by Michelle K. Ryan and Nyla Branscombe, 450–464. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Bruckmüller, Susanne, Michelle K. Ryan, Floor Rink, and S. Alexander Haslam. 2014. “Beyond the Glass Ceiling: The Glass Cliff and Its Lessons for Organizational Policy.” Social Issues and Policy Review 8 (1): 202–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannady, Matthew A., Eric Greenwald, and Kimberly N. Harris. 2014. “Problematizing the STEM Pipeline Metaphor: is the STEM Pipeline Metaphor Serving Our Students and the STEM Workforce?” Science Education 98 (3): 443–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carli, Linda L., and Alice H. Eagly. 2016. “Women Face a Labyrinth: An Examination of Metaphors for Women Leaders.” Gender in Management: An International Journal 31 (8): 514–527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrol, Gareth, Jeannette Littlemore, and Margaret Gillon Dowens. 2018. “Of False Friends and Familiar Foes: Comparing Native and Non-Native Understanding of Figurative Phrases.” Lingua. International Review of General Linguistics. Revue internationale De Linguistique Generale 204 (3): 21–44.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, Ronald. 1997. Investigating English Discourse. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chesler, Naomi C., Gilda Barabino, Sangeeta N. Bhatia, and Rebecca Richards-Kortum. 2010. “The Pipeline Still Leaks and More Than You Think: A Status Report on Gender Diversity in Biomedical Engineering.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 38 (5): 1928–1935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark Blickenstaff, Jacob. 2005. “Women and Science Careers: Leaky Pipeline or Gender Filter?” Gender and Education 17 (4): 369–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelissen, Joep P., and Mario Kafouros. 2008. “Metaphors and Theory Building in Organization Theory: What Determines the Impact of a Metaphor on Theory?” British Journal of Management 19 (4): 365–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review, 43 (6): 1241–1300.
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, Nilanjana, and Jane G. Stout. 2014. “Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: STEMing the Tide and Broadening Participation in STEM Careers.” Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1 (1): 21–29.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, Kathy. 2008. “Intersectionality as Buzzword: A Sociology of Science Perspective on What Makes a Feminist Theory Successful.” Feminist Theory 9 (1): 67–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devine, Dympna, Bernie Grummell, and Kathleen Lynch. 2011. “Crafting the Elastic Self? Gender and Identities in Senior Appointments in Irish Education.” Gender, Work & Organization 18 (6): 631–649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driver, Michaela. 2017. “Toward More Reflexive, Empowering, and Ethical Metaphorical Organizational Research.” Management Learning 48 (5): 552–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, Alice H., and Linda Carli. 2007. Through the Labyrinth: The Truth About How Women Become Leaders. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eco, Umberto. 1986. Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grice, H. Paul. 1975. “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, edited by Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, Candice, Katherine Ravenswood, and Barbara Myers. 2013. “Glass Slippers, Holy Grails and Ivory Towers: Gender and Advancement in Academia.” Labour & Industry: A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work 23 (3): 231–244.
   Google Scholar
• Husu, Liisa. 2000. “Gender Discrimination in the Promised Land of Gender Equality.” Higher Education in Europe 25 (2): 221–228.
   Google Scholar
• Husu, Liisa. 2001. “On Metaphors on the Position of Women in Academia and Science.” NORA: Nordic Journal of Women’s Studies 9 (3): 172–181.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, Jerlando F., and Elizabeth M. O’Callaghan. 2009. “What do We Know About Glass Ceiling Effects? A Taxonomy and Critical Review to Inform Higher Education Research.” Research in Higher Education 50 (5): 460–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, Linzi J. 2016. “Trapped by Metaphors for Organizations: Thinking and Seeing Women’s Equality and Inequality.” Human Relations 69 (4): 975–1000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreissl, Katharina, Angelika Striedinger, Birgit Sauer, and Johanna Hofbauer. 2015. “Will Gender Equality Ever Fit in? Contested Discursive Spaces of University Reform.” Gender and Education 27 (3): 221–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littlemore, Jeannette. 2001. “The Use of Metaphor in University Lectures and the Problems That It Causes for Overseas Students.” Teaching in Higher Education 6 (3): 333–349.
   Google Scholar
• Littlemore, Jeannette, Phyllis Trautman Chen, Almut Koester, and John Barnden. 2011. “Difficulties in Metaphor Comprehension Faced by International Students Whose First Language is not English.” Applied Linguistics 32 (4): 408–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabokela, Reitumetse Obakeng. 2003. “Donkeys of the University: Organizational Culture and its Impact on South African Women Administrators.” Higher Education 46 (2): 129–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, Gareth. 1986. Images of Organization. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Morley, Louise. 1994. “Glass Ceiling or Iron Cage: Women in UK Academia.” Gender, Work & Organization 1 (4): 194–204.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, Katherine, and Karen P. Hapgood. 2012. “The Academic Jungle: Ecosystem Modelling Reveals Why Women Are Driven out of Research.” Oikos 121 (7): 999–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, Helen. 2014. “An Academic ‘Glass Cliff’? Exploring the Increase of Women in Swedish Higher Education Management.” Athens Journal of Education 1 (1): 32–44.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, Mareva. 2010. “Do Female Researchers Face a Glass Ceiling in France? A Hazard Model of Promotions.” Applied Economics 42 (16): 2053–2062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savigny, Heather. 2014. “Women, Know Your Limits: Cultural Sexism in Academia.” Gender and Education 26 (7): 794–806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäffner, Cristina. 2004. “Metaphor and Translation: Some Implications of a Cognitive Approach.” Journal of Pragmatics 36 (7): 1253–1269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Settles, Isis H., Lilia M. Cortina, Janet Malley, and Abigail J. Stewart. 2006. “The Climate for Women in Academic Science: The Good, the Bad, and the Changeable.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 30 (1): 47–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shambaugh, Rebecca. 2007. It’s Not a Glass Ceiling, It’s a Sticky Floor: Free Yourself from the Hidden Behaviors Sabotaging Your Career Success. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Paul, Peter Caputi, and Nadia Crittenden. 2012. “A Maze of Metaphors Around Glass Ceilings.” Gender in Management: An International Journal 27 (7): 436–448.
   Google Scholar
• Spanò, Emanuela. 2017. “Femina Academica: Women ‘Confessing’ Leadership in Higher Education.” Gender and Education. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2017.1336205
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Glass Ceiling Commission. 1995. Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation’s Human Capital. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Van Anders, Sari M. 2004. “Why the Academic Pipeline Leaks: Fewer Men Than Women Perceive Barriers to Becoming Professors.” Sex Roles 51 (9–10): 511–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Brink, Marieke, and Yvonne Benschop. 2012. “Slaying the Seven-Headed Dragon: The Quest for Gender Change in Academia.” Gender, Work & Organization 19 (1): 71–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Broeck, Raymond. 1981. “The Limits of Translatability Exemplified by Metaphor Translation.” Poetics Today 2 (4): 73–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verge, Tania, Mariona Ferrer-Fons, and Maria J. González. 2018. “Resistance to Mainstreaming Gender into the Higher Education Curriculum.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 25 (1): 86–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wajcman, Judy. 1991. Feminism Confronts Technology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• White, Kate. 2004. “The Leaking Pipeline: Women Postgraduate and Early Career Researchers in Australia.” Tertiary Education & Management 10 (3): 227–241.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Christine L. 1992. “The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the ‘Female’ Professions.” Social Problems 39 (3): 253–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Joan C. 2005. “The Glass Ceiling and the Maternal Wall in Academia.” New Directions for Higher Education 2005 (130): 91–105.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Jannine, Sharon Mavin, Valerie Stead, and Carole Elliott, eds. 2016. Gender, Media, and Organization: Challenging Mis(s)Representations of Women Leaders and Managers. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Jacqueline Z., Genee Marks, Lynne Noone, and Jennifer Hamilton-Mackenzie. 2010. “Retaining a Foothold on the Slippery Paths of Academia: University Women, Indirect Discrimination, and the Academic Marketplace.” Gender and Education 22 (5): 535–545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfinger, Nicholas H., Mary Ann Mason, and Mark Goulden. 2008. “Problems in the Pipeline: Gender, Marriage, and Fertility in the Ivory Tower.” The Journal of Higher Education 79 (4): 388–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, YongHong Jade. 2008. “Gender Disparity in STEM Disciplines: A Study of Faculty Attrition and Turnover Intentions.” Research in Higher Education 49 (7): 607–624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar