Family status and changing demands/resources: the overlooked experience of solo-living employees transitioning to homeworking during the Covid-19 pandemic

References

• Akanji, B., Mordi, C., Simpson, R., Adisa, T. A., & Oruh, E. S. (2020). Time biases: Exploring the work–life balance of single Nigerian managers and professionals. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2018-0537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand, S., & Mitra, A. (2022). No family left behind: Flexibility i-deals for employees with stigmatized family identities. Human Relations, 75(5), 956–988. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726721999708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. M., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. M., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbier, M., Hansez, I., Chmiel, N., & Demerouti, E. (2013). Performance expectations, personal resources, and job resources: How do they predict work engagement? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(6), 750–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.704675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BBC (2020). ‘Coronavirus: The world in lockdown in maps and charts’. 7 April 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-52103747.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, A. A., Campion, E. D., Keeler, K. R., & Keener, S. K. (2021). Videoconference Fatigue? Exploring Changes in Fatigue after Videoconference Meetings during COVID-19. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(3), 330–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnevale, J. B., & Hatak, I. (2020). Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management. Journal of Business Research, 116, 183–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper, W. J., & Swanberg, J. E. (2009). Single childfree adults: The work-life stress of an unexpected group. In Antoniou, A. G., Cooper, C. L, Chrousos, G. P., Speilberger, C. D., & Eysenck, M. W. (Eds.), Handbook of managerial behavior and occupational health (pp. 95–107). Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Casper, W. J., Weltman, D., & Kwesiga, E. (2007). Beyond family-friendly: The construct and measurement of singles-friendly work culture. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(3), 478–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIPD (2020). Reward in the time of Covid-19. CIPD Voice, Issue, 23. Online: https://www.cipd.co.uk/news-views/cipd-voice/issue-23/reward-during-covid19#gref
   Google Scholar
• Coe, E., Enomoto, K., Herbig, B., & Stueland, J. (2021). COVID-19 and burnout are straining the mental health of employed parents, Available online: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/covid-19-and-burnout-are-straining-the-mental-health-of-employed-parents?cid=eml-web.
   Google Scholar
• Coenen, M., & Kok, R. A. (2014). Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules. European Management Journal, 32(4), 564–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, F. L. (2018). Concepts, contexts, and mindsets: Putting human resource management research in perspectives. Human Resource Management Journal, 28(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, K., Glover, J., Beesley, N., Wimalasiri, V., Cohen, L., Cheyne, A., & Hislop, D. (2013). Utilizing job resources: Qualitative evidence of the roles of job control and social support in problem solving. Work & Stress, 27(2), 200–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2013.792471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawes, J., May, T., McKinlay, A., Fancourt, D., & Burton, A. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of parents with young children: A qualitative interview study. BMC Psychology, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00701-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demerouti, E. (2015). Strategies used by individuals to prevent burnout. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 45(10), 1106–1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., Corts, I. M., & Boz, M. (2018). A closer look at key concepts of the work-nonwork interface. In Current Issues in Work and Organizational Psychology. (pp. 124–139). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., & Geurts, S. (2004). Towards a typology of work-home interaction. Community, Work & Family, 7(3), 285–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366880042000295727
   Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., Hewett, R., Haun, V., De Gieter, S., Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., & Skakon, J. (2020). From job crafting to home crafting: A daily diary study among six European countries. Human Relations, 73(7), 1010–1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726719848809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumas, T., & Perry-Smith, J. (2018). The paradox of family structure and plans after work: Why single childless employees may be the least absorbed at work. Academy of Management Journal, 61(4), 1231–1252. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178–199. https://doi.org/10.2307/259269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2021). Household Statistics Explained. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Household_composition_statistics
   Google Scholar
• Gao, G., & Sai, L. (2020). Towards a ‘virtual’ world: Social isolation and struggles during the COVID‐19 pandemic as single women living alone. Gender, Work, and Organization, 27(5), 754–762. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallup (2021). State of the Global Workplace 2021 Report. Gallup. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Golden, T. D. (2006). The role of relationships in understanding telecommuter satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Dino, R. N. (2008). The impact of professional isolation on teleworkers job performance and turnover intentions: Does time spent teleworking, interacting face-to-face time, or having access to communication-enhancing technology matter? The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1412–1421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Simsek, Z. (2006). Telecommuting’s differential impact on work-family conflict: Is there no place like home? The Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1340–1350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Kossek, E. E. (2014). The contemporary career: A work–home perspective. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 361–388. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091324
   Google Scholar
• Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geurts, S. A., & Demerouti, E. (2003). Work/non-work interface: A review of theories and findings. In Marc J. Schabracq, Jacques A.M. Winnubst, Cary L. Cooper The handbook of work and health psychology., pp: 279–312. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Geurts, S. A., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A., Dikkers, J. S., Van Hooff, M. L., & Kinnunen, U. M. (2005). Work-home interaction from a work psychological perspective: Development and validation of a new questionnaire, the SWING. Work & Stress, 19(4), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500410208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, V. C., & Dormann, C. (2013). The role of partners and children for employees’ psychological detachment from work and well-being. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 26–36. 10.1037/a0030650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjálmsdóttir, A., & Bjarnadóttir, V. S. (2021). “I have turned into a foreman here at home”: Families and work–life balance in times of COVID‐19 in a gender equality paradise. Gender, Work, and Organization, 28(1), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack, T., Ivanova, D., Gram-Hanssen, K., & Buchs, M. (2021). As the number of people living alone goes up globally, what this might mean for the environment. https://www.firstpost.com/living/as-number-of-people-living-alone-goes-up-globally-what-this-might-mean-for-the-environment-9421531.html
   Google Scholar
• Kamin, T., Perger, N., Debevec, L., & Tivadar, B. (2021). Alone in a time of pandemic: Solo-living women coping with physical isolation. Qualitative Health Research, 31(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320971603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelliher, C., Richardson, J., & Boiarintseva, G. (2019). All of work? All of life? Reconceptualising work‐life balance for the 21st century. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, N. (2004). Using templates in the thematic analysis of text. In C. Cassell & G. Symon (Eds.), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research. (pp. 256270). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• King, N., & Brooks, J. (2017). & Thematic analysis in organisational research. In Cassell, C., Cunliffe, A. L., & Grandy, G. (Eds.). The sage handbook of qualitative business and management research methods. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kollewe, J. (2021). Zurich insurance firm offers fully paid ‘lockdown leave’ in UK. The Guardian. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/06/zurich-insurance-firm-fully-paid-lockdown-leave-uk-parents-carers-covid
   Google Scholar
• Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work–family conflict: A meta‐analysis clarifying the influence of general and work–family‐specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64(2), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01211.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(5), 764–775. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.18803921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesener, T., Gusy, B., & Wolter, C. (2019). The job demands-resources model: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 33(1), 76–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1529065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, S., & Holdsworth, L. (2003). The psychological impact of teleworking: Stress, emotions and health. New Technology, Work, and Employment, 18(3), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-005X.00121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuis, R., & Yerkes, M. A. (2021). Workers’ well-being in the context of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Community, Work & Family, 24(2), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2021.1880049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONS (2019). The cost of living alone. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/articles/thecostoflivingalone/2019-04-04
   Google Scholar
• ONS () Coronavirus and loneliness (2020a)., Great Britain: 3 April to 3 May 2020. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/coronavirusandlonelinessgreatbritain/3aprilto3may2020
   Google Scholar
• ONS (2020b). Coronavirus and homeworking in the UK: April 2020. Statistical Bulletin. https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/bulletins/coronavirusandhomeworkingintheuk/april2020.
   Google Scholar
• Pass, S., & Ridgway, M. (2022). An informed discussion on the impact of COVID-19 and ‘enforced’ remote working on employee engagement. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 254–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2048605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N., Greenhaus, J. H., Allen, T. D., & Johnson, R. E. (2019). Advancing and expanding work-life theory from multiple perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 44(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, A., & Francis-Devine, B. (2021). ‘Coronavirus: Impact on the labour market’ Commons Library Research Briefing, UK Government. Online: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8898/CBP-8898.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Preece, J., McKee, K., Robinson, D., & Flint, J. (2021). Urban rhythms in a small home: COVID-19 as a mechanism of exception. Urban Studies, Onlinefirst 004209802110181. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211018136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardeshmukh, S. R., Sharma, D., & Golden, T. D. (2012). Impact of telework on exhaustion and job engagement: A job demands and job resources model. New Technology, Work and Employment, 27(3), 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00284.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Tari, T. W. (2014). A Critical Review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for Improving Work and Health., In Bauer, GF. & Hammig, O. (Eds.), Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health: A transdisciplinary approach. Ch 4 (pp. 43–68). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Servaty, R., Perger, G., Harth, V., & Mache, S. (2018). Working in a cocoon: (Co)working conditions of office nomads–a health related qualitative study of shared working environments. Work (Reading, Mass.), 60(4), 527–538. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182760
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shirmohammadi, M., Au, W. C., & Beigi, M. (2022). Remote work and work-life balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD practitioners. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2047380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh, A., & Lee, J. (2017). Understanding teleworkers’ technostress and its influence on job satisfaction. Internet Research, 27(1), 140–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Census (2021)., Living arrangements over the decades. Released Nov 29 2021. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/comm/living-arrangements-over-the-decades.html
   Google Scholar
• Van Steenbergen, E. F., van der Ven, C., Peeters, M. C. W., & Taris, T. W. (2018). Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change? Psychological Reports, 121(4), 736–766. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117740134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Woerkom, M., & Meyers, M. C. (2015). My strengths count! Effects of a strengths‐based psychological climate on positive affect and job performance. Human Resource Management, 54(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Woerkom, M., Oerlemans, W., & Bakker, A. B. (2016). Strengths use and work engagement: A weekly diary study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2015.1089862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaziri, H., Casper, W. J., Wayne, J. H., & Matthews, R. A. (2020). Changes to the work–family interface during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining predictors and implications using latent transition analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(10), 1073–1087. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waizenegger, L., McKenna, B., Cai, W., & Bendz, T. (2020). An Affordance Perspective of Team Collaboration and Enforced Working from Home during COVID-19. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1800417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wengraf, T. (2011). Interviewing for life-histories, lived periods and situations, and ongoing personal experiencing using the Biographic-Narrative Interpretive Method (BNIM): The BNIM Short Guide bound with The BNIM Detailed Manual, version 11.07. Available at: [email protected]
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, K., Tomlinson, J., & Gardiner, J. (2017). Exploring the work-life challenges and dilemmas faced by managers and professionals who live alone. Work, Employment and Society, 31(4), 640–656. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017016677942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, K., Tomlinson, J., & Gardiner, J. (2018). The perceived fairness of work–life balance policies: A UK case study of solo‐living managers and professionals without children. Human Resource Management Journal, 28(2), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, K. S., & Baumann, H. M. (2015). Capturing a more complete view of employees’ lives outside of work: The introduction and development of new interrole conflict constructs. Personnel Psychology, 68(2), 235–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. The Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S. (2021). ‘Coronavirus: How to work from home when you have children’ The Independent. Online: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/coronavirus-working-from-home-parents-children-tips-routine-a9414261.html
   Google Scholar