Powerful words: skillful and sensitive empowerment of urban undergraduate pre‐service teachers through improvement of Standard English usage

References

• Adger , C.T. , Wolfram , W. and Christian , D. 2007 . Dialects in schools and communities , 2nd ed. , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , C. 2004 . Raising our voices: transformative discourse in a teacher research group . English Education , 37 ( 1 ) : 50 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Baca , L.M. and Cervantes , H. 2004 . The bilingual special education interface , 4th ed. , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Merrill/Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bausch , L.S. and Voorhees , S.C. 2008 . Retrospective discourse discussions: How teacher talk enables one novice literacy teacher to make sense of complex teaching problems . Teacher Educator , 43 ( 2 ) : 109 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Bean , T.W. and Zulich , J. 1989 . Using dialogue journals to foster reflective practice with preservice, content‐area teachers . Teacher Education Quarterly , 16 ( 1 ) : 33 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Caldas , S. and Bankston , C. 1998 . The inequality of separation: Racial composition of Schools and academic achievement . Educational Administration Quarterly , 34 ( 4 ) : 501 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , C. and Medina , C. 2000 . How reading and writing literacy narratives affect preservice teachers’ understandings of literacy, pedagogy, and multiculturalism . Journal of Teacher Education , 51 : 63 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , R. , Raffier , L.M. , Rogan , P. and Schleicher , L. 1998 . Interactive group journals: Learning as a dialogue among learners . TESOL Quarterly , 32 ( 3 ) : 556 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conchas , G. 2006 . The color of success: Race and high achieving urban youth , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Delphit , L. 2006 . Other people's children , New York : The New Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deschenes , S. , Cuban , L. and Tyack , D. 2001 . Mismatch: Historical perspectives on schools and students who don’t fit them . Teachers College Record , 1 ( 103 ) : 127 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunbar , N.E. , Brooks , C.F. and Kubicka‐Miller , T. 2006 . Oral communication skills in higher education: Using a performance‐based evaluation rubric to assess communication skills . Innovative Higher Education , 31 ( 2 ) : 115 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Education Trust . 2006 . Education watch: The nation: Key education facts and figures Washington, DC http;//www2.edtrust.org/edtrust/summaries2006/USA.pdf (accessed 27 May 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , L. , Daily , N.L. , Fredricks , L. and Graham , M.S. 2008 . Transitioning from students to professionals: Using a writing across the curriculum model to scaffold portfolio development . The Teacher Educator , 43 ( 1 ) : 46 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , T. and Miller , M. 2008 . Communication apprehension: Levels of first generation college students at 2‐year institutions . Community College Journal of Research and Practice , 32 ( 1 ) : 38 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia , E.E. and Jensen , B. 2007 . Helping young Hispanic learners . Educational Leadership , 64 ( 6 ) : 34 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gay , G. , Dingus , J.E. and Jackson , C.E. 2003 . The presence and performance of teachers of color in the profession . Community Teachers , 1 ( 3 ) : 111 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Gollnick , D.M. and Chinn , P.C. 2009 . Multicultural education in a pluralistic society , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , D.N. and Herrington , C.D. 2006 . Accountability, standards, and the growing achievement gap: Lessons from the past half‐century . American Journal of Education , 112 ( 2 ) : 209 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt , S.K. , Simonds , C.J. and Cooper , P.J. 2002 . CommunicationandteacherEducation: Exploring a communicationcoursefor allteachers . Communication Education , 51 ( 1 ) : 81 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurtado , S. 1996 . How diversity affects teaching and learning: Climate of inclusion has a positive effect on learning outcomes . Education Record , 66 ( 4 ) : 27 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Jay , T. 2003 . The psychology of language , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , M. 1998 . Learning to teach writing: Does teacher education make a difference? , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kozol , J. 1991 . Savage inequalities , New York : Harper Perennial .
   Google Scholar
• Landis , M. , Ferguson , A. , Carballal , A. , Kuhlman , W. and Squires , S. 2007 . Analyzing an urban university’s diversity dilemma . Teacher Education Quarterly , 34 ( 4 ) : 121 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , I. 2004 . Using journals as a multi‐purpose tool for preservice teacher preparation: How effective is it? . Teacher Education Quarterly , 31 ( 3 ) : 73 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Manning , M.L. and Baruth , L.G. 2009 . Multicultural education of children and adolescents , New York : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• McCaleb , J. 1984 . Selecting a measure of oral communication as a predictor of teaching performance . Journal of Teacher Education , 35 : 33 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meacham , S. 2000 . Education dilemma: The cultural denial and cultural limbo of African American preservice teachers . Urban Education , 35 ( 4 ) : 571 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , G.S. 2009 . Teaching in America , 5th ed. , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Muchmore , J.A. 2001 . The story of Ana: A life history study of the literacy beliefes and teaching practices on an urban high school teacher . Teacher Education Quarterly , 28 ( 3 ) : 89 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieto , S. 2002 . Language, culture, and teaching: Critical perspectives for a new century , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Earlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , R.E. 2005 . Language development , 6th ed. , Needham Heights, MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Pardo , L.S. 2006 . The role of context in learning to teach writing: What teacher educators need to know to support beginning urban teachers . Journal of Teacher Education , 57 : 378 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , P.A. , Goldstein , L.M. , Leatherman , J. and Conrad , S. 1990 . “ An ongoing dialogue: Learning logs for teachers ” . In Second language teacher education , Edited by: Richards , J.C. and Nunan , D. 227 – 40 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum , S. and Way , N. 2004 . Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian Americans, and Latino Adolescents in an urban high school . Youth and Society , 35 ( 4 ) : 420 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , R.B. and Morreale , S.P. 1996 . “ Setting expectations for speech communication and listening ” . In Preparing competent college graduates: Setting new and higher expectations for student learning. New directions for higher education , Edited by: Jones , E.A. Vol. 96 , 19 – 29 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Seidman , A. 2007 . Minority student retention: The best of the Journal of College Student Retention , Amityville, NY : Baywood .
   Google Scholar
• Street , C. 2003 . Pre‐service teachers’ attitudes about writing and learning to teach writing: Implications for teacher educators . Teacher Education Quarterly , 30 ( 3 ) : 33 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Stringer , E.T. 1999 . Action research , 2nd ed. , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Stover , L. 1986 . Writing to learn in teacher education: Theme . Journal of Teacher Education , 37 : 20 – 3 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolhuizen , J.H. 2006 . Critiquing student speeches: The need for supportiveness ERIC online submission ED 494331
   Google Scholar