Guilty by Association: A Cross-industrial Approach to Sourcing Complementary Knowledge in the Uppsala Biotechnology Cluster

References

• Andersson , P. 1996 . Concurrence, Transition and Evolution: Perspectives of Industrial Marketing Change Process , Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics .
   Google Scholar
• Antonelli , C. 2000 . Collective knowledge communication and innovation: the evidence of technological districts . Regional Studies , 34 ( 6 ) : 535 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrow , K. J. 1962 . The economic implications of learning by doing . Review of Economic Studies , 29 ( 3 ) : 155 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheim , B. T. 2000 . “ Industrial districts: the contributions of marshall and beyond ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Edited by: Feldman , M. P. , Gertler , M. S. and Clark , G. L. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Audretsch , D. B. 2001 . The role of small firms in US biotechnology clusters . Small Business Economics , 17 ( 1–2 ) : 3 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch , D. B. and Stephan , P. E. 1996 . Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology . American Economic Review , 86 ( 3 ) : 641 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch , D. B. and Stephan , P. E. 1998 . How and Why Does Knowledge Spill Over? The Case of Biotechnology , Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) . Discussion Papers No. DP 1991
   Google Scholar
• Backlund , A. , Markusson , N. , Norgren , L. and Sandström , A. 2000 . Det svenska biotekniska innovationssystemet: Drivkrafter och hinder för innovationer och tillväxt , , NUTEK (Närings- och teknikutvecklingsverket) . No. Innovationspolitiska analyser
   Google Scholar
• Bathelt , H. , Malmberg , A. and Maskell , P. 2004 . Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation . Progress in Human Geography , 28 ( 1 ) : 54 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson , B. 1997a . “ Introduction ” . In Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics , Edited by: Carlsson , B. Boston : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson , B. 1997b . Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics , Edited by: Carlsson , B. Boston : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson , B. 2002 . Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study , Boston : Kluwer Academic Pub .
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson , B. and Stankiewicz , R. 1995 . “ On the nature, function, and composition of technological systems ” . In Technological Systems and Economic Performance: The Case of Factory Automation , Edited by: Carlsson , B. Dordrecht : Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2004 . Regional knowledge capabilities, embeddedness of firms and industry organisation: bioscience megacentres and economic geography . European Planning Studies , 12 ( 5 ) : 625 – 641 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. , Uranga , M. G. and Etxebarria , G. 1997 . Regional innovation systems: institutional and organisational dimensions . Research Policy , 26 ( 4–5 ) : 475 – 491 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMartino , R. , Reid , D. M. and Zygliodopoulos , S. C. 2006 . Balancing localization and globalization: exploring the impact of firm internationalization on a regional cluster . Entrepreneurship & Regional Development , 18 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson , G. and Eliasson , Å. 1997 . “ The pharmaceutical and biotechnological competence bloc and the development of Losec ” . In Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics , Edited by: Carlsson , B. Boston : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Eliasson , G. and Eliasson , Å. 2006 . The pharmacia story of entrepreneurship and as a creative technical university1—an experiment in innovation, organizational break up and industrial renaissance . Entrepreneurship & Regional Development , 18 ( 5 ) : 393 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enright , M. J. 1998 . “ Regional clusters and firm strategy ” . In The Dynamic Firm: The Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization, and Regions , Edited by: Chandler , A. D. , Hagström , P. and Sölvell , Ö. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. P. 1999 . The new economics of innovation spillovers and agglomeration: a review of empirical studies . Economics of Innovation and New Technology , 8 ( 1–2 ) : 5 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. P. 2000 . “ Location and innovation: the new economic geography of innovation, spillovers, and agglomeration ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Edited by: Feldman , M. P. , Gertler , M. S. and Clark , G. L. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. 2003 . The location dynamics of the US biotech industry: knowledge externalities and the anchor hypothesis . Industry and Innovation , 10 ( 3 ) : 311 – 328 .
   Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. P. and Audretsch , D. B. 1999 . Innovation in cities: science-based diversity, specialization and localized competition . European Economic Review , 43 ( 2 ) : 409 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida , R. L. 2002 . The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Frankelius , P. 1999 . Företagande över tid. Vol. 2, Pharmacia & Upjohn: erfarenheter från ett världsföretags utveckling , Jönköping/Malmö : Internationella handelshögsk./Liber Ekonomi .
   Google Scholar
• Frenken , K. and Boschma , R. A. 2007 . A theoretical framework for evolutionary economic geography: industrial dynamics and urban growth as a branching process . Journal of Economic Geography , 7 ( 5 ) : 635 – 649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridh , A.-C. 2003 . The Exit of Pharmacia and Regional Growth Working Paper No. Ratio Working Papers No. 22, The Ratio Institute
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 2003 . Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there) . Journal of Economic Geography , 3 ( 1 ) : 75 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaeser , E. L. , Kallal , H. D. , Scheinkman , J. A. and Shleifer , A. 1992 . Growth in cities . Journal of Political Economy , 100 ( 6 ) : 1126 – 1152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , V. , Kuncoro , A. and Turner , M. 1995 . Industrial development in cities . Journal of Political Economy , 103 ( 5 ) : 1067 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howells , J. R. L. 2002 . Tacit knowledge, innovation and economic geography . Urban Studies , 39 ( 5–6 ) : 871 – 884 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , J. 1969 . The Economy of Cities , London : Jonathan Cape .
   Google Scholar
• Krugman , P. R. 1991 . Geography and Trade , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall , B.-Å. 1992 . National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning , Edited by: Lundvall , B.-Å. London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Malmberg , A. 1997 . Industrial geography: location and learning . Progress in Human Geography , 21 ( 4 ) : 573 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg , A. and Maskell , P. 2002 . The elusive concept of localization economies: towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering . Environment and Planning A , 34 ( 3 ) : 429 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg , A. and Power , D. 2006 . “ True clusters. A severe case of conceptual headache ” . In Clusters and Regional Development: Critical Reflections and Eplorations , Edited by: Asheim , B. T. , Cooke , P. and Martin , R. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Markusen , A. 1996 . Sticky places in slippery space: a typology of industrial districts . Economic Geography , 72 ( 3 ) : 293 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markusen , A. 1999 . Fuzzy concepts, scanty evidence, policy distance: the case for rigour and policy relevance in critical regional studies . Regional Studies , 33 ( 9 ) : 869 – 884 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , A. 1891 . Principles of Economics , 2 , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , A. 1920/1960 . “ Industrial organization, continued. The concentration of specialized industries in particular localities ” . In Principles of Economics, Book IV: The Agents of Production, Land, Labour, Capital and Organization , 9 , Edited by: Marshall , A. London : Macmillan . Chapter X
   Google Scholar
• Martin , R. and Sunley , P. 2003 . Deconstructing clusters: chaotic concept or policy panacea? . Journal of Economic Geography , 3 ( 1 ) : 5 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskell , P. 2001 . Towards a knowledge-based theory of the geographical cluster . Industrial and Corporate Change , 10 ( 4 ) : 921 – 944 .
   Google Scholar
• Maskell , P. and Malmberg , A. 1999 . Localised learning and industrial competitiveness . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 23 ( 2 ) : 167 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , A. , Sandström , A. and Pettersson , I. 2000 . Knowledge production and knowledge flows - in the Swedish biotechnology innovation system Centre for Medical Innovations, Karolinska Institutet
   Google Scholar
• Nonaka , I. and Takeuchi , H. 1998 . “ A theory of the firm's knowledge-creation dynamics ” . In The Dynamic Firm: The Role of Technology, Strategy, Organization, and Regions , Edited by: Chandler , A. D. , Hagström , P. and Sölvell , Ö. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith , J. and Powell , W. W. Knowledge networks in the Boston biotechnology community . Paper presented at the Science as an Institution and the Institutions of Science, University of Siena . Italy.
   Google Scholar
• PLACE . 2003 . “ PLACE—Population, chorology and employment database at Uppsala University ” . Uppsala : Kulturgeografiska instititutionen (Department of Social and Economic Geography) .
   Google Scholar
• Polanyi , M. 1958 . Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy , Chicago : Routledge & K. Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M. E. 1990 . The Competitive Advantage of Nations , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M. E. 1998 . Clusters and the new economics of competition . Harvard Business Review , 76 ( 11–12 ) : 77 – 90 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Porter , M. E. 2000 . “ Locations, clusters, and company strategy ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Edited by: Feldman , M. P. , Gertler , M. S. and Clark , G. L. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Power , D. and Jansson , J. 2004 . The emergence of a post-industrial music economy? Music and ICT synergies in Stockholm, Sweden . Geoforum , 35 ( 4 ) : 425 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer , P. M. 1986 . Increasing returns and long-run growth . Journal of Political Economy , 94 ( 4 ) : 1002 – 1037 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storper , M. and Venables , A. J. Buzz: the economic force of the city . Paper presented at the Druid Summer Conference on Industrial Dynamics of the New and Old Economy—Who is Embracing Whom? . Copenhagen and Elsinore, Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Sölvell , Ö. , Zander , I. and Porter , M. E. 1999 . Advantage Sweden , 2 , Stockholm : Norstedts juridik .
   Google Scholar
• Sölvell , Ö. , Lindqvist , G. and Ketels , C. 2003 . The Cluster Initiative Greenbook , Stockholm : Bromma tryck AB .
   Google Scholar
• Teigland , R. , Lindqvist , G. , Malmberg , A. and Waxell , A. 2004 . Investigating the Uppsala biotech cluster: baseline results from the 2004 Uppsala biotech cluster survey , CIND (Centre for Research on Innovation and Industrial Dynamics) . (No. CIND Research Paper 2004:1)
   Google Scholar
• Teigland , R. , Hallencreutz , D. and Lundequist , P. 2006 . “ Uppsala BIO—the life science initiative: experiences of and reflections on starting a regional competitiveness initiative ” . In Small Business Clustering Technologies: Applications in Marketing, Management, IT and Economics , Edited by: MacGregor , R. C. and Hodgkinson , A. T. London : Idea Group Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Waluszewski , A. 2003 . Ur pharmacias aska reste sig ingen Fågel Fenix . Axess , 3 ( 2 ) : 25 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Waxell , A. 2005 . Uppsalas biotekniska industriella system—en ekonomisk-geografisk studie av interaktion, kunskapsspridning och arbetsmarknadsrörlighet , Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography/Kulturgeografiska institutionen .
   Google Scholar
• Waxell , A. and Malmberg , A. 2007 . What is global and what is local in knowledge-generating interaction? The case of the biotech cluster in Uppsala, Sweden . Entrepreneurship & Regional Development , 19 ( 2 ) : 137 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widmalm , S. 2004 . “ The Svedberg och gränsen mellan vetenskap och teknik ” . In Artefakter: industrin, vetenskapen och de tekniska nätverken , Edited by: Fors , H. and Widmalm , S. Hedemora : Gidlund .
   Google Scholar
• Zucker , L. G. and Darby , M. R. 1996 . Star scientists and institutional transformation: patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 93 ( 23 ) : 12709 – 12716 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker , L. G. and Darby , M. R. 1997 . Present at the biotechnical revolution: transformation of technological identity for a large incumbant pharmaceutical firm . Research Policy , 26 ( 4–5 ) : 429 – 446 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker , L. G. , Darby , M. R. and Brewer , M. B. 1998 . Intellectual human capital and the birth of U.S. biotechnology enterprises . American Economic Review , 88 ( 1 ) : 290 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar